紫心甘薯品种金薯20的选育与生长特性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231016

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (11): 2249-2257.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231016

紫心甘薯品种金薯20的选育与生长特性

杨志坚¹^,²(), 阮妙鸿³, 林珊珊³, 林世强¹, 廖素凤¹^,², 陈选阳¹^,²^,⁴^,^*()

1.福建农林大学农业农村部海峡两岸农业技术合作中心,福建福州 350002
2.福建农林大学闽台作物生物育种农业农村部重点实验室,福建福州 350002
3.福建省种子总站,福建福州 350009
4.福建省作物设计育种重点实验室,福建福州 350002

收稿日期:2023-08-28 出版日期:2025-11-25 发布日期:2025-12-08
作者简介:杨志坚(1981—),男,福建泉州人,硕士,副教授,研究方向为甘薯新品种选育与开发利用。E-mail:yangzj41@163.com
通讯作者: ^*陈选阳,E-mail:cxy@fafu.edu.cn
基金资助:
福建省科技厅高校产学研联合创新项目(2020N5013);福建省科技厅引导性项目(2020N0003);福建省种业工程项目(zycxny2021005);福建省财政厅项目(闽财指〔2021〕848号)

Breeding and growth characteristics of purple sweet potato cultivar Jinshu 20

YANG Zhijian¹^,²(), RUAN Miaohong³, LIN Shanshan³, LIN Shiqiang¹, LIAO Sufeng¹^,², CHEN Xuanyang¹^,²^,⁴^,^*()

1. Cross-Strait Agricultural Technology Cooperation Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
2. Key Laboratory of Biological Breeding for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
3. Seed Center of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350009, China
4. Fujian Key Laboratory for Crop Breeding by Design, Fuzhou 350002, China

Received:2023-08-28 Online:2025-11-25 Published:2025-12-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为选育花青素含量高、食味优、适应性强且商品性佳的鲜食型紫心甘薯新品种,本研究以产量高、花青素含量高的福宁紫3号为母本,以优质、薯形美观的金薯3号为父本,经人工杂交和系谱选择育成新品种金薯20,并通过国家品种登记[GPD甘薯(2020)350069]。2年区域试验表明,金薯20平均鲜薯产量33.28 t·hm^-2,较对照福宁紫3号增产21.02%;花青素含量16.72 mg·kg^-1,食味评分比对照福宁紫3号提高1.35分;单株结薯数为5.43,薯块大小均匀、商品性好;抗蔓割病。金薯20生育期为135~140 d,是相对早熟品种;叶面积指数前期增长较慢,后期缓慢下降;较耐肥,沙地栽培下,以N、P₂O₅、K₂O质量比为2∶1∶3、每667 m²施纯氮15 kg时产量较高。研究结果可为金薯20在生产上推广应用提供技术依据。

关键词: 紫心甘薯, 金薯20, 品种选育, 产量, 抗病性, 花青素

Abstract:

To breed a fresh-market purple sweet potato cultivar combining high anthocyanin content, superior eating quality, wide adaptability and excellent marketability, we crossed the high-yielding, high-anthocyanin cultivar Funingzi No.3 (female parent) with the premium-quality, good-appearance cultivar Jinshu No.3 (male parent). After artificial hybridization and pedigree selection, the new cultivar Jinshu 20 was obtained and officially registered [GPD Sweetpotato (2020) 350069]. Two years of regional trials showed that Jinshu 20 produced an average fresh tuber yield of 33.28 t hm^-2, 21.02% higher than that of the control (Funingzi No.3). Its anthocyanin content reached 167.2 mg kg^-1, and its eating-quality score was 1.35 points above that of the control. The cultivar formed 5.43 tubers per plant with uniform size and high commercial value, and exhibited resistance to fusarium wilt. Jinshu 20 matures in 135-140 d and is therefore relatively early. Its leaf area index increased slowly at early stages and declined gradually later, indicating high fertilizer tolerance. In sandy soils, the highest yield was achieved with 15 kg pure nitrogen per 667 m² applied at a N∶P₂O₅∶K₂O mass ratio of 2∶1∶3. These results provided a technical basis for the popularization and application of Jinshu 20 in production.

Key words: purple sweet potato, Jinshu 20, variety breeding, yield, disease resistance, anthocyanin

中图分类号:

S531

杨志坚, 阮妙鸿, 林珊珊, 林世强, 廖素凤, 陈选阳. 紫心甘薯品种金薯20的选育与生长特性[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(11): 2249-2257.

YANG Zhijian, RUAN Miaohong, LIN Shanshan, LIN Shiqiang, LIAO Sufeng, CHEN Xuanyang. Breeding and growth characteristics of purple sweet potato cultivar Jinshu 20[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(11): 2249-2257.

图/表 7

参考文献 31

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处理 Treatment	每667 m²肥料施用量 Fertilizer application rate per 667 m²								每667 m²施入养分量 Nutrient amount applied per 667 m²
	复合肥Compound fertilizer				尿素Urea		硫酸钾Potassium sulfate		N	P₂O₅	K₂O
	施用量 Application rate	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	施用量 Application rate	N	施用量 Application rate	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
1	20	3.0	3.0	3.0	6.52	3.0	12	6	6	3.0	9.0
2	30	4.5	4.5	4.5	9.78	4.5	18	9	9	4.5	13.5
3	40	6.0	6.0	6.0	13.04	6.0	24	12	12	6.0	18.0
4	50	7.5	7.5	7.5	16.3	7.5	30	15	15	7.5	22.5
5	60	9.0	9.0	9.0	19.57	9.0	36	18	18	9.0	27.0

处理 Treatment	每667 m²肥料施用量 Fertilizer application rate per 667 m²								每667 m²施入养分量 Nutrient amount applied per 667 m²
	复合肥Compound fertilizer				尿素Urea		硫酸钾Potassium sulfate		N	P₂O₅	K₂O
	施用量 Application rate	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	施用量 Application rate	N	施用量 Application rate	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
1	20	3.0	3.0	3.0	6.52	3.0	12	6	6	3.0	9.0
2	30	4.5	4.5	4.5	9.78	4.5	18	9	9	4.5	13.5
3	40	6.0	6.0	6.0	13.04	6.0	24	12	12	6.0	18.0
4	50	7.5	7.5	7.5	16.3	7.5	30	15	15	7.5	22.5
5	60	9.0	9.0	9.0	19.57	9.0	36	18	18	9.0	27.0

品种	鲜薯产量Fresh tuber yield			薯干产量Dry tuber yield			淀粉产量Starch yield
品种	2017	2018	平均Average	2017	2018	平均Average	2017	2018	平均Average
金薯20	32.43 A	34.13 A	33.28 A	9.09 A	9.37 A	9.23 A	5.12 A	5.98 A	5.55 A
Jinshu 20
福宁紫3号	25.59 B	29.41 B	27.50 B	8.03 B	8.51 B	8.27 B	4.42 B	5.53 B	4.98 B
Funingzi No.3

品种	鲜薯产量Fresh tuber yield			薯干产量Dry tuber yield			淀粉产量Starch yield
品种	2017	2018	平均Average	2017	2018	平均Average	2017	2018	平均Average
金薯20	32.43 A	34.13 A	33.28 A	9.09 A	9.37 A	9.23 A	5.12 A	5.98 A	5.55 A
Jinshu 20
福宁紫3号	25.59 B	29.41 B	27.50 B	8.03 B	8.51 B	8.27 B	4.42 B	5.53 B	4.98 B
Funingzi No.3

产量 Yield	品种 Variety	丰产性参数High yield parameters		稳产性参数Adaptability paramenters		回归系数 Regression coefficient	综合评价 Comprehensive evaluation
产量 Yield	品种 Variety	13.3 m²产量 Yield per 13.3 m²/kg	效应 Effect	方差 Variance	变异度 Variability	回归系数 Regression coefficient	综合评价 Comprehensive evaluation
鲜薯产量	金薯20 Jinshu 20	45.501 3	2.396 1	17.799	9.272 0	1.414 7	好Good
Fresh tuber yield	福宁紫3号	39.214 2	-3.891 0	77.511	22.451 2	1.751 3	较差Very poor
	Funingzi No.3
薯干产量	金薯20 Jinshu 20	12.492 5	-0.039 9	1.561	10.002 7	1.066 2	一般General
Dry tuber yield	福宁紫3号	11.340 4	-1.192 0	8.708	26.020 9	1.533 2	较差Very poor
	Funingzi No.3
淀粉产量	金薯20 Jinshu 20	7.975 0	-0.180 6	0.754	10.884 8	0.935 0	一般General
Starch yield	福宁紫3号	7.372 1	-0.783 5	4.109	27.497 3	1.417 5	差Poor
	Funingzi No.3

紫心甘薯品种金薯20的选育与生长特性

Breeding and growth characteristics of purple sweet potato cultivar Jinshu 20

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品种 Variety	单株结薯数 Tubers number per plant	单株薯重 Tubers weight per plant/ kg	单株大薯数 Big tuber number per plant	单株大薯重 Big tuber weight per plant/kg	单株中薯数 Medium tuber number per plant	单株中薯重 Medium tuber weight per plant/kg	单株小薯数 Small tuber number per plant	单株小薯重 Small tuber weight per plant/kg	大中薯率 Big and medium tubers rate/%
金薯20 Jinshu 20	5.43± 1.23 ab	0.64± 0.20 a	1.25± 0.86 a	0.35± 0.21 a	1.62± 0.20 a	0.20± 0.02 a	2.57± 0.90 b	0.10± 0.03 Bb	84.50± 0.46 Aa
福宁紫3号 Funingzi No.3	3.45± 0.36 bc	0.48± 0.10 a	1.00± 0.64 a	0.27± 0.14 a	1.28± 0.03 a	0.16± 0.04 a	1.17± 0.31 bc	0.06± 0.01 Bb	87.32± 5.87 Aa
金山57 Jinshan 57	2.30± 0.85 c	0.47± 0.16 a	1.17± 0.76 a	0.38± 0.16 a	0.46± 0.16 a	0.06± 0.03 a	0.67± 0.25 c	0.04± 0.02 Bb	93.19± 2.14 Aa
广薯87 Guangshu 87	6.70± 0.14 a	0.52± 0.03 a	0.42± 0.47 a	0.10± 0.09 a	1.47± 1.02 a	0.21± 0.15 a	4.81± 0.42 a	0.23± 0.04 Aa	56.79± 8.96 Bb

品种 Variety	2017年Year of 2017		2018年Year of 2018
品种 Variety	病情指数 Disease index	抗病等级 Resistance	病情指数 Disease index	抗病等级 Resistance
金薯20 Jinshu 20	22.22	R	23.70	R
金山57 Jinshan 57	48.15	MR	36.30	R
广薯87 Guangshu 87	55.56	MR	21.80	R
福宁紫3号Funingzi No.3	25.93	R	25.92	R

处理 Treatment	小区(13.32 m²)鲜薯产量 Fresh tuber yield in plot (13.32 m²)/kg	鲜薯产量 Fresh tuber yield/(t·hm^-2)	干物率 Dry matter content/%	薯干产量 Dry tuber yield/(t·hm^-2)
1	41.70	31.27 d	28.97	9.06 d
2	47.69	35.77 c	28.24	10.10 c
3	56.44	42.33 b	27.78	11.76 b
4	67.68	50.76 a	26.90	13.66 a
5	65.57	49.17 a	27.15	13.35 a

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