十字型平面棚架栽培省力化管理对果桑品种大10生长、桑椹产量和品质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250616

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 1209-1217.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250616

十字型平面棚架栽培省力化管理对果桑品种大10生长、桑椹产量和品质的影响

李坤峰¹(), 李诚², 高华奇², 何威羚³, 黄凌霞²

¹ 浙江大学农业试验站, 浙江杭州 310058
² 浙江大学动物科学学院, 浙江杭州 310058
³ 武义县新宅镇人民政府, 浙江武义 321200

收稿日期:2025-09-26 出版日期:2026-06-25 发布日期:2026-07-14
作者简介:李坤峰,研究方向为园艺作物高效栽培与栽培新模式探索。E-mail:0016554@zju.edu.cn
基金资助:
浙江省农业重大技术协同推广计划(2022XTTGCS03);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2024FZZX04-07);湖州市重点研发计划项目(2022ZD2053)

Effects of labor-saving management in cross-shaped plane trellis cultivation on growth, fruit yield and quality of fruit mulberry variety Da 10

LI Kunfeng¹(), LI Cheng², GAO Huaqi², HE Weiling³, HUANG Lingxia²

¹ Agricultural Experiment Station, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
² College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
³ The People’s Government of Xinzhai Town, Wuyi County, Wuyi 321200, Zhejiang, China

Received:2025-09-26 Published:2026-06-25 Online:2026-07-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究果桑十字型平面棚架栽培模式的省力化管理方法及其对桑果品质的影响,以平面棚架栽培的果桑品种大10为试验材料,设置主枝基部伐头修剪(T1)、主枝基部留单枝修剪(T2)、主枝上一级枝留单芽修剪(T3)3个处理,对树体生长情况、用工情况、桑椹的外观指标、营养指标,以及挥发性物质相对含量进行研究。结果表明,T2处理操作简便、省工省力,果桑主枝和结果母枝粗度均匀稳定,树体伤流减少,并可避免结果部位外移,桑椹的单果重、果纵径和果横径等指标均表现良好,可溶性固形物、总糖和总多酚含量等内在营养品质有所改善,且其平均单株产量最高,约为35.56 kg。3个处理的挥发性物质种类和主导物质的相对含量无明显差异。综上,主枝基部留单枝修剪方式可有效实现果桑十字型平面棚架栽培的省力化管理。本研究对果桑平面棚架栽培模式进行了探索与优化,为果桑平面棚架栽培的科学管理与精准调控提供了理论依据。

关键词: 果桑, 桑椹, 平面棚架栽培, 生长规律, 修剪方式, 省力化管理, 果实品质, 活性成分

Abstract:

To explore labor-saving cultivation methods in the cross-shaped plane trellis cultivation model for fruit mulberry and its effects on mulberry fruit quality, the fruit mulberry variety Da 10 grown under trellis cultivation was used as experimental material. Three treatments were set: basal pruning of the main branches (T1), pruning by retaining a single branch at the base of the main branch (T2), and pruning by retaining a single bud on the primary branch of the main branch (T3). Tree growth, labor usage, appearance indicators of mulberry fruits, nutritional indicators and relative contents of volatile substances were investigated. The results showed that the T2 treatment was simple and convenient to operate, saved labor and effort, resulted in uniform and stable thickness of the main branches and fruiting mother branches of the fruit mulberry, reduced tree bleeding, and prevention of outward shifting of fruiting positions, and performed well in terms of indicators such as single fruit weight, fruit longitudinal diameter, and fruit transverse diameter. The internal nutritional quality, including contents of soluble solids, total sugar and total polyphenols were improved. Moreover, its average yield per plant was the highest, approximately 35.56 kg. There were no significant differences in the types of volatile compounds or the relative contents of the dominant compounds among the three treatments. In summary, the pruning method of retaining a single branch at the base of the main branch can effectively achieve labor-saving management in the cross-shaped trellis cultivation of fruit mulberry. This study explored and optimized the trellis cultivation model for fruit mulberry, providing a theoretical basis for the scientific management and precise regulation of fruit mulberry trellis cultivation.

Key words: fruit mulberry, mulberry fruit, trellis cultivation, growth pattern, pruning method, labor-saving management, fruit quality, bioactive compound

中图分类号:

S888.4

李坤峰, 李诚, 高华奇, 何威羚, 黄凌霞. 十字型平面棚架栽培省力化管理对果桑品种大10生长、桑椹产量和品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(6): 1209-1217.

LI Kunfeng, LI Cheng, GAO Huaqi, HE Weiling, HUANG Lingxia. Effects of labor-saving management in cross-shaped plane trellis cultivation on growth, fruit yield and quality of fruit mulberry variety Da 10[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(6): 1209-1217.

图/表 11

参考文献 25

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处理 Treatment	一级枝长度/cm Primary branch length/cm	一级枝茎粗/mm Stem thickness of primary branch/mm	二级枝长度/cm Secondary branch length/cm	二级枝茎粗/mm Stem thickness of secondary branch/mm	南北冠径/cm North-south crown diameter/cm	东西冠径/cm East-west crown diameter/cm
T1	152.67±9.50 b	14.77±0.91 c	21.05±2.20 c	7.33±1.53 c	355.67±2.52 b	343.67±7.51 b
T2	187.33±7.09 a	22.90±1.90 b	27.67±2.52 b	11.00±1.01 b	376.03±8.19 a	362.67±4.51 a
T3	215.67±10.50 a	28.17±1.47 a	34.33±2.06 a	17.03±2.03 a	389.67±5.03 a	369.33±1.53 a

处理 Treatment	一级枝长度/cm Primary branch length/cm	一级枝茎粗/mm Stem thickness of primary branch/mm	二级枝长度/cm Secondary branch length/cm	二级枝茎粗/mm Stem thickness of secondary branch/mm	南北冠径/cm North-south crown diameter/cm	东西冠径/cm East-west crown diameter/cm
T1	152.67±9.50 b	14.77±0.91 c	21.05±2.20 c	7.33±1.53 c	355.67±2.52 b	343.67±7.51 b
T2	187.33±7.09 a	22.90±1.90 b	27.67±2.52 b	11.00±1.01 b	376.03±8.19 a	362.67±4.51 a
T3	215.67±10.50 a	28.17±1.47 a	34.33±2.06 a	17.03±2.03 a	389.67±5.03 a	369.33±1.53 a

处理 Treatment	数量 Quantity	用工时长/min Labor time/min
处理 Treatment	数量 Quantity	夏剪 Summer shearing	抹芽和绑枝 Budding and binding	冬季疏剪 Winter pruning	总计 Total
T1	3	20	60	30	110
T2	3	20	40	30	90
T3	3	40	60	45	145

处理 Treatment	数量 Quantity	用工时长/min Labor time/min
处理 Treatment	数量 Quantity	夏剪 Summer shearing	抹芽和绑枝 Budding and binding	冬季疏剪 Winter pruning	总计 Total
T1	3	20	60	30	110
T2	3	20	40	30	90
T3	3	40	60	45	145

处理 Treatment	单株产量/kg Yield per plant/kg	单果重/g Single fruit weight/g	纵径/mm Longitudinal diameter/mm	横径/mm Transverse diameter/mm	果形指数 Fruit type index
T1	23.62±2.31 c	4.72±0.33 a	40.72±0.63 a	20.45±1.10 a	2.00±0.10 a
T2	35.56±2.83 a	4.82±0.42 a	40.34±0.81 a	20.80±0.96 a	1.94±0.12 a
T3	30.44±2.92 b	4.64±0.41 a	40.19±1.21 a	20.46±0.98 a	1.97±1.11 a

十字型平面棚架栽培省力化管理对果桑品种大10生长、桑椹产量和品质的影响

Effects of labor-saving management in cross-shaped plane trellis cultivation on growth, fruit yield and quality of fruit mulberry variety Da 10

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处理 Treatment	可溶性固形物含量/% Soluble solid content/%	总酸含量/(mg·g^-1) Total acid content/ (mg·g^-1)	总糖含量/(mg·g^-1) Total sugar content/ (mg·g^-1)	总多酚含量/(mg·g^-1) Total polyphenols content/(mg·g^-1)	固酸比 Solid acid ratio	糖酸比 Sugar acid ratio
T1	14.92±1.11 a	11.86±0.67 a	70.37±2.18 a	1 134.67±12.01 a	1.23±0.13 a	5.94±0.31 a
T2	15.44±1.20 a	10.42±0.56 b	68.03±3.37 a	1 193.67±18.45 a	1.47±0.08 a	6.43±0.46 a
T3	14.73±1.15 a	12.03±0.78 a	74.03±2.63 a	1 156.33±9.71 a	1.24±0.04 a	6.21±0.16 a

序号 Serial number	类别 Category	化合物名称 Compound name	CAS号 CAS code	含量/(μg·kg^-1) Content/(μg·kg^-1)
序号 Serial number	类别 Category	化合物名称 Compound name	CAS号 CAS code	T1		T2		T3
1	酯类 Esters	乙酸乙酯Ethyl acetate	141-78-6	60.48±2.05	54.56±1.34		52.76±1.12
2		甘油磷酸酯Glycerophosphate	57-03-4	5.72±1.04	6.32±0.21		4.56±1.21
3		菊酸乙酯Ethyl chrysanthemate	97-41-6	38.20±1.13	42.45±2.79		37.40±1.75
4		壬酸甲酯Methyl nonanoate	1731-84-6	36.85±2.30	27.34±2.78		35.32±0.95
5		没食子酸辛酯Octyl gallate	1034-01-1	20.75±2.77	25.46±2.25		—
6		没食子酸月桂酯Dodecyl gallate	1166-52-5	19.60±0.15	3.82±0.50		—
7		十七酸甲酯Methyl heptadecanoate	1731-92-6	18.79±1.24	35.11±1.28		14.82±1.31
8		丙酸丙酯Propyl propionate	106-36-5	45.22±2.48	47.99±3.85		28.77±1.90
9	醇类 Alcohols	正己醇1-Hexanol	111-27-3	7.72±0.81	2.05±0.64		6.56±0.24
10		异戊醇Isoamyl alcohol	123-51-3	5.49±0.18	6.68±1.43		5.78±1.14
11		5-甲基苯-1,3-二醇5-Methylbenzene-1,3-diol	504-15-4	5.42±0.02	3.48±0.03		2.56±0.34
12		丁炔二醇Butynediol	110-65-6	1.46±0.06	1.65±0.45		2.32±0.67
13		苯-1,2-二醇1,2-Benzenediol	120-80-9	14.00±1.35	3.40±0.02		—
14		芳樟醇Linalool	78-70-6	1.80±0.27	4.89±1.45		2.07±1.14
15		3-辛醇3-Octanol	589-98-0	1.32±2.58	2.25±1.08		8.40±1.09
16		苯乙醇Phenylethyl alcohol	60-12-8	12.72±1.05	7.67±0.45		5.54±0.76
17		1-辛烯-3-醇1-Octen-3-ol	3391-86-4	3.45±0.89	—		—
18		4-萜烯醇Terpinen-4-ol	65-23-6	8.28±1.36	—		—
19	酮类 Ketones	1-羟基蒽-9,10-二酮1-Hydroxy-9,10-anthracenedione	129-43-1	3.46±1.41	9.40±1.27		4.93±1.67
20		2',4'-二羟查耳酮2',4'-Dihydroxychalcone	1776-30-3	8.27±4.85	10.09±0.12		10.04±0.55
21		2-甲基-3-戊酮2-Methyl-3-pentanone	565-69-5	—	2.86±0.07		—
22		3-羟基-6-甲氧基黄酮3-Hydroxy-6-methoxyflavone	93176-00-2	5.56±1.36	7.89±2.08		2.85±2.35
23		5-羟基黄酮5-Hydroxyflavone	491-78-1	2.23±0.14	1.56±0.02		2.67±0.13
24		3-羟基-2-丁酮2-Butanone, 3-hydroxy-	513-86-0	3.14±0.06	—		2.78±0.16
25		甜橙黄酮Sinensetin	2306-27-6	4.67±1.03	2.56±0.09		3.68±0.75
26	醛类 Aldehydes	己醛Hexanal	66-25-1	72.81±2.78	67.00±5.56		56.45±4.78
27		壬醛Nonanal	124-19-6	24.63±1.23	28.02±1.51		16.51±0.57
28		(E)-2-己烯醛(E)-2-Hexenal	10323-20-3	24.75±2.11	36.55±1.74		30.45±2.90
29		对羟基苯甲醛p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde	123-08-0	14.53±1.10	30.02±3.06		6.51±0.53
30		2,3,4,5-四羟基戊醛2,3,4,5-Tetrahydroxypentana	9000-69-5	5.48±0.12	12.46±2.40		7.51±0.85
31		苯甲醛Benzaldehyde	100-52-7	45.89±3.08	38.87±0.55		24.84±2.50
32		β-环柠檬醛β-Cyclocitral	432-25-7	15.48±0.32	23.46±1.40		17.51±1.86
33		苯乙二醛一水合物Phenylglyoxal monohydrate	1074-12-0	5.89±0.08	8.87±0.95		4.84±1.34
34		3-甲基丁醛Isovaleraldehyde	590-86-3	8.52±0.55	7.59±1.26		11.60±0.58
35		6-壬二烯醛6-Nonadienal	557-48-2	4.54±0.71	—		—
36	酸类 Acids	2-丁酮酸2-Ketobutyric acid	600-18-0	7.71±0.85	5.67±1.57		3.55±1.67
37		2-甲基柠檬酸2-Methylcitric acid	63169-61-9	7.54±0.35	4.59±1.06		—
38		2-异丙基苹果酸2-Isopropylmalic acid	3237-44-3	1.42±0.04	—		—
39		3-氨基异丁酸3-Aminoisobutyric acid	144-90-1	5.87±0.35	6.34±0.21		6.56±0.45
40		3-糠酸3-Furoicacid	488-93-7	3.54±0.21	—		7.32±1.11
41		3-羟基肉桂酸3-Hydroxycinnamic acid	588-30-7	14.43±0.45	1.56±0.75		2.45±1.23
42		4,6-二氧代庚酸Succinylacetone	51568-18-4	5.59±2.34	4.12±3.31		6.77±2.14
43		4-氨基丁酸4-Aminobutyric acid	56-12-2	4.57±1.35	3.66±2.34		4.89±0.76
44		4-羟基苯甲酸4-Hydroxybenzoicacid	99-96-7	5.69±1.72	5.67±1.57		—
45		4-乙基辛酸4-Ethyloctanoic acid	16493-80-4	1.34±0.56	—		1.79±0.87
46		4-乙酰氨基丁酸4-Acetamidobutyric acid	3025-96-5	6.25±1.05	8.58±1.09		—
47		5-甲氧基水杨酸5-Methoxysalicylic acid	2612-02-4	—	8.92±0.45		9.59±0.71
48		苯甲酸Benzoic acid	65-85-0	3.58±0.23	4.26±0.31		—
49	其他类 Other categories	5-甲氧基色胺5-Methoxytryptamine	608-07-1	7.92±1.01	9.36±1.56		9.14±1.84
50		7H-嘌呤7H-Purine	120-73-0	2.98±3.84	—		—

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