Effects of nitrogen on physiological growth, quality and yield of weak gluten wheat after rice stubble

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.04.04

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 769-779.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.04.04

• Crop Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of nitrogen on physiological growth, quality and yield of weak gluten wheat after rice stubble

REN Kaiming(), WANG Ben, YANG Wenjun, FAN Yonghui, ZHANG Wenjing, MA Shangyu, HUANG Zhenglai()

College of Agriculture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China

Received:2022-05-24 Online:2023-04-25 Published:2023-05-05

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore suitable nitrogen application levels for weak gluten wheat after rice stubble in Anhui Province’s Huaihe River region, a field experiment was conducted using 5 nitrogen application levels (0, 75, 150, 225, and 300 kg·hm^-2). The study investigated the effects of nitrogen application on yield, quality, dry matter accumulation and transport, and nitrogen use efficiency of wheat. The results showed that in the range of 0-300 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application level, with the increase of nitrogen application, the number of tillers, plant height, leaf area index (LAI) and chlorophyll relative content (SPAD) of wheat showed an upward trend. 21 days after anthesis, the spectral reflectance of wheat canopy gradually increased in the band of 760-925 nm, and first increased and then decreased in the band of 925-1 300 nm. From booting to maturity, dry matter accumulation and transport of pre-anthesis vegetative organs increased initially then declined with increasing nitrogen application level, the contribution rate of dry matter transport of pre anthesis vegetative organs to grains continued to decline, while the post anthesis dry matter production and its contribution rate to grains gradually increased. The number of grains per ear and effective ears increased with increasing nitrogen application level, the 1 000 grain weight and grain yield of wheat showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, reaching maximum grain yield at 225 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen application level. Compared with the treatment without nitrogen application, grain yields at location I and II increased by 127.58%-230.45% and 72.21%-131.94% when nitrogen application level was 75-300 kg·hm^-2. As the nitrogen application level increased, the apparent utilization rate, agronomic utilization rate, and partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer gradually decreased. The wheat grain quality index was better at a nitrogen application level of 225 kg·hm^-2, but when the nitrogen application level was 300 kg·hm^-2, the wheat grain protein content exceeded the national protein content standard of weak gluten wheat. Compared to the treatment without nitrogen application, the wheat grain protein content increased by 12.02%-44.21% and 9.64%-34.30% at the two test points when the nitrogen application level was between 75-300 kg·hm^-2. Overall, when the nitrogen application level was 225 kg·hm^-2, the wheat grain quality index was better, and the yield was the highest. Considering the selection criteria of high yield and high quality, 225 kg·hm^-2 was identified as the suitable nitrogen application level for weak gluten wheat in the rice stubble region along the Huaihe River in Anhui Province.

Key words: weak gluten wheat, nitrogen, nitrogen absorption and utilization, 1 000 grain weight, protein

CLC Number:

S512.1

REN Kaiming, WANG Ben, YANG Wenjun, FAN Yonghui, ZHANG Wenjing, MA Shangyu, HUANG Zhenglai. Effects of nitrogen on physiological growth, quality and yield of weak gluten wheat after rice stubble[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(4): 769-779.

Figures/Tables 10

References 27

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地区 Location	pH值 pH value	有机质 Organic matter/ (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen/(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassiu/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus/ (mg·kg^-1)
试验点1 Location 1	5.23	21.31	106.5	105	21.2
试验点2 Location 2	7.39	20.37	117.5	82	47.4

地区 Location	pH值 pH value	有机质 Organic matter/ (g·kg^-1)	碱解氮 Alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen/(mg·kg^-1)	速效钾 Available potassiu/ (mg·kg^-1)	速效磷 Available phosphorus/ (mg·kg^-1)
试验点1 Location 1	5.23	21.31	106.5	105	21.2
试验点2 Location 2	7.39	20.37	117.5	82	47.4

地区 Location	处理 Treatment	分蘖数Tiller number/×10⁴ hm^-2			株高Height/cm
地区 Location	处理 Treatment	分蘖期 Tillering stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	开花期 Flowering stage	成熟期 Maturing stage
试验点1	N0	695.35 c	948.80 d	290.12 d	72.67 e
Location 1	N1	792.06 b	1 013.84 c	430.03 c	78.22 d
	N2	813.74 b	1 045.52 c	483.35 b	82.89 c
	N3	817.07 b	1 208.93 b	513.91 a	88.33 b
	N4	872.10 a	1 263.96 a	515.53 a	94.33 a
试验点2	N0	556.94 d	540.27 e	356.00 d	72.89 c
Location 2	N1	653.66 c	787.06 d	460.33 c	74.56 c
	N2	837.08 b	968.81 c	507.33 b	80.56 b
	N3	857.09 b	1 352.34 b	540.33 a	82.11 b
	N4	887.11 a	1 429.04 a	553.33 a	85.89 a

地区 Location	处理 Treatment	分蘖数Tiller number/×10⁴ hm^-2			株高Height/cm
地区 Location	处理 Treatment	分蘖期 Tillering stage	拔节期 Jointing stage	开花期 Flowering stage	成熟期 Maturing stage
试验点1	N0	695.35 c	948.80 d	290.12 d	72.67 e
Location 1	N1	792.06 b	1 013.84 c	430.03 c	78.22 d
	N2	813.74 b	1 045.52 c	483.35 b	82.89 c
	N3	817.07 b	1 208.93 b	513.91 a	88.33 b
	N4	872.10 a	1 263.96 a	515.53 a	94.33 a
试验点2	N0	556.94 d	540.27 e	356.00 d	72.89 c
Location 2	N1	653.66 c	787.06 d	460.33 c	74.56 c
	N2	837.08 b	968.81 c	507.33 b	80.56 b
	N3	857.09 b	1 352.34 b	540.33 a	82.11 b
	N4	887.11 a	1 429.04 a	553.33 a	85.89 a

地区 Location	处理 Treatment	花前营养器官干物质转运 Pre anthesis dry matter transport		花后干物质生产 Post anthesis dry matter production
地区 Location	处理 Treatment	转运量 Transportation/(kg·hm^-2)	贡献率 Contribution rate/%	生产量 Production/(kg·hm^-2)	贡献率 Contribution rate/%
试验点1	N0	848.00 e	48.46	901.97 d	51.54
Location 1	N1	1 733.60 d	44.70	2 144.53 c	55.30
	N2	1 982.00 c	42.25	2 709.41 b	57.75
	N3	2 285.62 a	40.56	3 349.97 b	59.44
	N4	2 211.57 b	40.27	3 280.64 a	59.73
试验点2	N0	1 481.22 d	45.71	1 759.41 d	54.29
Location 2	N1	2 539.25 c	45.50	3 041.34 c	54.50
	N2	2 946.15 b	45.22	3 568.68 b	54.78
	N3	3 203.03 a	42.61	4 313.26 a	57.39
	N4	2 616.33 c	37.03	4 448.71 a	62.97

Effects of nitrogen on physiological growth, quality and yield of weak gluten wheat after rice stubble

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地区 Location	处理 Treatment	地上部氮素积累量 N accumulation/(kg·hm^-2)	氮肥表观利用率 NFAU/%	氮肥农学利用率 NFAE/(kg·kg^-1)	氮肥偏生产力 NFPP/(kg·kg^-1)
试验点1	N0	58.32 e
Location 1	N1	101.20 d	57.17 a	29.25 a	52.18 a
	N2	141.30 c	55.32 a	20.33 b	31.80 b
	N3	166.45 b	48.06 b	17.61 bc	25.26 c
	N4	188.08 a	43.25 b	12.57 c	18.31 d
试验点2	N0	78.40 e
Location 2	N1	123.93 d	60.71 a	31.20 a	74.41 a
	N2	159.55 c	54.10 b	21.83 b	43.43 b
	N3	184.03 b	46.95 c	19.00 b	33.41 c
	N4	211.30 a	44.30 c	12.75 c	23.55 d

地区 Location	处理 Treatment	蛋白质含量 Protein content/%	湿面筋含量 Wet gluten content/%	硬度指数 Hardness index	沉淀值 Sedimentation value/mL
试验点1	N0	9.07 d	20.37 d	45.33 d	18.10 d
Location Ⅰ	N1	10.16 c	24.03 c	47.36 c	24.13 c
	N2	11.83 b	25.69 b	48.01 bc	27.97 b
	N3	12.38 a b	25.35 b	49.37 ab	28.30 b
	N4	13.08 a	27.78 a	51.15 a	32.13 a
试验点2	N0	9.65 d	20.87 d	42.67 c	13.90 d
Location Ⅱ	N1	10.58 c	21.08 d	44.33 bc	15.73 d
	N2	11.75 b	23.04 c	46.00 b	23.23 c
	N3	12.33 ab	24.65 b	49.33 a	29.67 b
	N4	12.96 a	26.47 a	52.67 a	32.77 a

地区 Location	处理 Treatment	穗粒数 Grains per spike	穗数 Spike number/×10⁴ hm^-2	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield/(kg·hm^-2)
试验点1	N0	19.32 c	289.23 d	38.67 c	1 719.65 d
Location Ⅰ	N1	29.20 b	427.56 c	38.95 ab	3 913.65 c
	N2	30.97 ab	480.61 b	39.60 ab	4 769.56 b
	N3	32.67 ab	512.36 a	40.80 a	5 682.56 a
	N4	33.20 a	511.59 a	40.10 ab	5 491.70 a
试验点2	N0	22.78 c	356.95e	48.88 a	3 240.63 d
Location Ⅱ	N1	30.56 b	460.30 d	49.08 a	5 580.59 c
	N2	32.33 ab	507.05 c	48.40 a	6 514.83 b
	N3	35.25 a	540.40 b	47.94 b	7 516.29 a
	N4	35.89 a	553.45 a	45.34 bc	7 065.04 a

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