Effect and mechanisms of remediation on salinized greenhouse soil by earthworm-straw

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250118

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 327-338.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250118

• Environmental Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effect and mechanisms of remediation on salinized greenhouse soil by earthworm-straw

LIU Jiaming¹^,²(), WANG Nan³, MA Zhimei², LYU Weiguang²^,⁴^,⁵, ZHENG Xianqing²^,⁶^,⁷, SONG Ke²^,⁵^,⁷, ZHANG Hanlin²^,⁴^,⁵, ZHANG Haiyun²^,⁴^,⁵, ZHANG Yue²^,⁴^,⁵^,^*(), ZHANG Juanqin²^,⁴^,⁵

1. School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
2. Institute of Ecological and Environmental Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
3. Shanghai Shangrealizai Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Shanghai 202183, China
4. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Facility Horticulture Technology, Shanghai 201403, China
5. Shanghai Agricultural Environmental Protection Monitoring Station, Shanghai 201403, China
6. Shanghai Agricultural Environment and Cultivated Land Conservation Scientific Observation and Experiment Station, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China
7. Shanghai Low Carbon Agricultural Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai 201403, China

Received:2025-02-17 Online:2026-02-25 Published:2026-03-24

Abstract

Abstract:

Aimed at the production obstacles associated with salinized greenhouse soil, an experiment was conducted on soils with 10 years of continuous cropping of grape (electrical conductivity of 2 301.55 μS·cm^-1) to evaluate the remediation effect of the combined application of earthworms and straw on salinized greenhouse soil and identify the key functional microorganisms involved. Earthworms and rice straw were introduced for soil remediation, with six treatments established: no earthworms or straw addition (CK), 1% rice straw addition (S1), 2% rice straw addition (S2), 0.6 kg·m^-2 Pheretima guillelmi addition (E), 0.6 kg·m^-2 P. guillelmi combined with 1% rice straw (S1E), and 0.6 kg·m^-2 P. guillelmi combined with 2% rice straw (S2E). On the 90th day (the end of the experiment), the electrical conductivity of the topsoil (0-20 cm) in treatments S1, S2, S1E, and S2E decreased by 46.43%, 49.74%, 52.34%, and 53.44%, respectively, compared with that on the 15th day. Compared with CK, the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, and dissolved organic carbon in S1E and S2E were significantly (p<0.05) increased by 12.68%-14.16%, 12.45%-14.58%, 14.89%-17.10%, 19.48%-21.24%, and 30.19%-31.03%, respectively. Besides, three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix (3D-EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy analysis revealed an increase in the content of humic substances in the soil. Among the treatments with straw addition (S1, S2, S1E, S2E), the absolute abundances of straw-degradation-related genera (e.g., Sphingomonas, Devosia, Altererythrobacter, Chthoniobacter, norank_f_Microscillaceae) and salt-sensitive genera (e.g., Pseudoxanthomonas, Luteolibacter, Arthrobacter, norank_f_norank_o_Gaiellales) were all higher than those in CK. Overall, the combined remediation with earthworms and straw reduced soil salinity, improved soil fertility, and alleviated the salt stress on soil microbial communities in salinized greenhouse soil, which was attributed to promoting the downward migration of salt ions in the topsoil, enhancing straw degradation, and regulating the soil microbial community structure.

Key words: salinized soil, straw, earthworm, soil nutrient, soil microorganism

CLC Number:

S156.4

LIU Jiaming, WANG Nan, MA Zhimei, LYU Weiguang, ZHENG Xianqing, SONG Ke, ZHANG Hanlin, ZHANG Haiyun, ZHANG Yue, ZHANG Juanqin. Effect and mechanisms of remediation on salinized greenhouse soil by earthworm-straw[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(2): 327-338.

Figures/Tables 7

References 36

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样本 Sample	ACE指数 ACE index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	香农指数 Shannon index	辛普森指数 Simpson index
CK_30	2 596.97±130.86 b	2 550.50±119.45 b	6.75±0.07 c	0.003 3±0.000 5 bc
E_30	2 351.07±74.72 b	2 286.94±70.41 b	6.62±0.05 d	0.002 8±0.000 4 cd
S1_30	2 409.49±286.14 b	2 352.81±254.80 b	6.61±0.05 d	0.003 6±0.000 7 b
S2_30	2 452.36±98.73 b	2 375.82±82.17 b	6.37±0.03 e	0.005 3±0.000 3 a
S1E_30	2 672.06±291.80 b	2 612.60±284.23 b	6.87±0.08 b	0.002 2±0.000 2 de
S2E_30	3 047.98±129.26 a	2 960.46±113.92 a	6.99±0.01 a	0.002 0±0.000 1 e
CK_60	2 670.53±164.72 bc	2 605.02±143.90 b	6.81±0.02 ab	0.003 1±0.000 1 b
E_60	2 431.99±91.36 c	2 363.28±92.77 c	6.64±0.10 c	0.003 5±0.000 8 b
S1_60	3 251.13±56.54 a	3 149.65±63.22 a	6.90±0.02 a	0.002 5±0.000 1 b
S2_60	2 754.01±70.96 b	2 662.33±58.14 b	6.43±0.10 d	0.005 3±0.001 0 a
S1E_60	2 777.83±246.77 b	2 702.45±240.17 b	6.73±0.02 bc	0.003 4±0.000 4 b
S2E_60	2 732.12±61.47 b	2 653.02±61.48 b	6.72±0.07 bc	0.003 2±0.000 4 b
CK_90	3 173.01±369.21 a	3 105.98±363.12 a	6.95±0.10 a	0.003 0±0.000 3 a
E_90	2 555.83±162.09 b	2 508.36±153.87 b	6.75±0.07 a	0.003 1±0.000 5 a
S1_90	2 913.72±191.76 ab	2 834.26±173.95 ab	6.70±0.07 a	0.004 9±0.001 3 a
S2_90	2 932.50±94.65 ab	2 847.32±86.48 ab	6.77±0.01 a	0.004 0±0.000 2 a
S1E_90	3 266.39±531.59 a	3 160.03±514.47 a	6.84±0.28 a	0.003 3±0.003 1 a
S2E_90	3 417.69±238.20 a	3 292.91±220.01 a	6.87±0.28 a	0.002 7±0.003 7 a

样本 Sample	ACE指数 ACE index	Chao1指数 Chao1 index	香农指数 Shannon index	辛普森指数 Simpson index
CK_30	2 596.97±130.86 b	2 550.50±119.45 b	6.75±0.07 c	0.003 3±0.000 5 bc
E_30	2 351.07±74.72 b	2 286.94±70.41 b	6.62±0.05 d	0.002 8±0.000 4 cd
S1_30	2 409.49±286.14 b	2 352.81±254.80 b	6.61±0.05 d	0.003 6±0.000 7 b
S2_30	2 452.36±98.73 b	2 375.82±82.17 b	6.37±0.03 e	0.005 3±0.000 3 a
S1E_30	2 672.06±291.80 b	2 612.60±284.23 b	6.87±0.08 b	0.002 2±0.000 2 de
S2E_30	3 047.98±129.26 a	2 960.46±113.92 a	6.99±0.01 a	0.002 0±0.000 1 e
CK_60	2 670.53±164.72 bc	2 605.02±143.90 b	6.81±0.02 ab	0.003 1±0.000 1 b
E_60	2 431.99±91.36 c	2 363.28±92.77 c	6.64±0.10 c	0.003 5±0.000 8 b
S1_60	3 251.13±56.54 a	3 149.65±63.22 a	6.90±0.02 a	0.002 5±0.000 1 b
S2_60	2 754.01±70.96 b	2 662.33±58.14 b	6.43±0.10 d	0.005 3±0.001 0 a
S1E_60	2 777.83±246.77 b	2 702.45±240.17 b	6.73±0.02 bc	0.003 4±0.000 4 b
S2E_60	2 732.12±61.47 b	2 653.02±61.48 b	6.72±0.07 bc	0.003 2±0.000 4 b
CK_90	3 173.01±369.21 a	3 105.98±363.12 a	6.95±0.10 a	0.003 0±0.000 3 a
E_90	2 555.83±162.09 b	2 508.36±153.87 b	6.75±0.07 a	0.003 1±0.000 5 a
S1_90	2 913.72±191.76 ab	2 834.26±173.95 ab	6.70±0.07 a	0.004 9±0.001 3 a
S2_90	2 932.50±94.65 ab	2 847.32±86.48 ab	6.77±0.01 a	0.004 0±0.000 2 a
S1E_90	3 266.39±531.59 a	3 160.03±514.47 a	6.84±0.28 a	0.003 3±0.003 1 a
S2E_90	3 417.69±238.20 a	3 292.91±220.01 a	6.87±0.28 a	0.002 7±0.003 7 a

处理Treatment	ω_AN/(mg·kg^-1)	ω_AP/(mg·kg^-1)	ω_AK/(mg·kg^-1)	ω_OM/(g·kg^-1)	ω_DOC/(mg·L^-1)
CK	124.51±0.27 d	39.37±0.27 b	300.00±2.65 c	18.74±0.33 c	22.59±0.07 c
E	163.45±0.27 a	38.84±2.84 b	278.00±6.08 d	18.64±0.31 c	22.53±0.12 d
S1	96.75±1.63 e	42.85±0.48 a	339.00±4.58 b	20.22±0.07 b	35.26±0.28 a
S2	96.29±1.58 e	43.76±0.33 a	340.37±4.28 b	20.37±0.04 b	35.27±0.55 a
S1E	142.14±0.33 b	44.27±0.33 a	344.67±3.74 ab	22.39±0.25 a	29.41±0.11 b
S2E	140.30±0.01 c	45.11±0.60 a	351.30±3.90 a	22.72±0.16 a	29.60±0.36 b

处理Treatment	ω_AN/(mg·kg^-1)	ω_AP/(mg·kg^-1)	ω_AK/(mg·kg^-1)	ω_OM/(g·kg^-1)	ω_DOC/(mg·L^-1)
CK	124.51±0.27 d	39.37±0.27 b	300.00±2.65 c	18.74±0.33 c	22.59±0.07 c
E	163.45±0.27 a	38.84±2.84 b	278.00±6.08 d	18.64±0.31 c	22.53±0.12 d
S1	96.75±1.63 e	42.85±0.48 a	339.00±4.58 b	20.22±0.07 b	35.26±0.28 a
S2	96.29±1.58 e	43.76±0.33 a	340.37±4.28 b	20.37±0.04 b	35.27±0.55 a
S1E	142.14±0.33 b	44.27±0.33 a	344.67±3.74 ab	22.39±0.25 a	29.41±0.11 b
S2E	140.30±0.01 c	45.11±0.60 a	351.30±3.90 a	22.72±0.16 a	29.60±0.36 b

Effect and mechanisms of remediation on salinized greenhouse soil by earthworm-straw

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[3]	CHEN Wei, WANG Rongrong, JIANG Wenjing, GENG Weisong, CHEN Cen. Preparation of chitosan-chitosan oligosaccharide composite film and its application in strawberry preservation [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(8): 1785-1793.
[4]	ZHANG Zhi, HE Haohao, YU Miao, XU Jianfeng. Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with soil conditioner on soil acidity, soil nutrients and rice yield [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(6): 1301-1308.
[5]	SU Yang, SHANG Xiaolan, QIAN Zhongming, WU Lingen, HUANG Jiaqi, ZHUANG Haifeng, ZHAO Yufei, DANG Hongyang, XU Lijun. Effects of synergistic enhancement of straw returning to the field with decomposition agent and biochar on soil quality and rice growth [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(5): 1139-1148.
[6]	SHEN Lan, YANG Xiaofang, ZHANG Guofang. Identification and fungicide sensitivity of the pathogen causing root rot on strawberry [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(2): 417-425.
[7]	XIE Yujia, LI Zhenjiang, SHA Feiyu, ZHANG Lin, TONG Yana, QIAO Changsheng, CAO Weifeng. Isolation, screening, and functional characteristics of endophytes from strawberry [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(12): 2525-2534.
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[9]	WANG Yunlong, JIA Shengqiang, CUI Lingyu, LYU Haohao, SHEN Alin, SU Yao. Interactions of soil carbon and nitrogen distribution with nitrogen fixing and denitrifying bacteria community under straw returning [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(10): 2150-2164.
[10]	HAN Xiao, LIU Xujie, SHI Lyu, ZHANG Jin, SHAN Haiyong, SHI Xiaoxu, YAN Yini, LIU Jian, XUE Yaguang. Effects of reduced application of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield, quality and nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency under concentrated coverage of wheat straw between rows for returning to field [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(1): 1-13.
[11]	ZHOU Maocuo, LU Jianxiong, GUO Xiaonong, FENG Yulan, CHAI Weiwei, GAO Pengfei. Optimization of quinoa straw fermentation process based on response surface methodology [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(9): 2020-2030.
[12]	YAN Jingying, NI Liang, SHEN Xingyu, LI Yu. Effect of heat treatment on the degradation of recombinant protein and recombinant DNA in transgenic straws [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(9): 2079-2088.
[13]	HU Tiejun. Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction combined with microbial fertilizer application on yield, quality, and soil properties of broccoli [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(7): 1657-1665.
[14]	XIONG Rui, OUYANG Ning, OU Xi, ZHONG Kangyu, ZHOU Wentao, WANG Hongrui, LONG Pan, XU Ying, FU Zhiqiang. Effect of straw returning and tillage method on soil aggregates and carbon, nitrogen content in double-season rice [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(6): 1347-1356.
[15]	HOU Dong, LI Yali, YUE Hongzhong, ZHANG Dongqin, YAO Tuo, HUANG Shuchao, YANG Haixing. Effects of microbial fertilizer instead of partial chemical fertilizer on yield, quality and soil microorganisms of cauliflower [J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(3): 589-599.