Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (7): 1297-1312.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250355
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MA Wenqing(
), PANG Linjiang, WANG Siyu, SHU Xing, CUI Peng, XU Ximing, LYU Zunfu, LU Guoquan*(
)
Received:2025-05-06
Online:2026-07-25
Published:2026-08-20
CLC Number:
MA Wenqing, PANG Linjiang, WANG Siyu, SHU Xing, CUI Peng, XU Ximing, LYU Zunfu, LU Guoquan. Effects of nutrient solution formulation on growth, yield and nutritional quality of hydroponic vegetable sweet potato[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(7): 1297-1312.
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URL: http://www.zjnyxb.cn/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250355
| 配方 Formulation | 盐类化合物质量浓度/(mg·L-1) Mass concentration of salt compounds/(mg·L-1) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ca(NO3)2·4H2O | KNO3 | NH4NO3 | NH4H2PO4 | KH2PO4 | (NH4)2SO4 | K2SO4 | MgSO4·7H2O | |||||
| CK | 945 | 607 | 0 | 115 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 493 | ||||
| T1 | 945 | 809 | 0 | 153 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 493 | ||||
| T2 | 472 | 267 | 53 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 116 | 264 | ||||
| T3 | 472 | 809 | 0 | 153 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 493 | ||||
| T4 | 1 062 | 505 | 0 | 0 | 140 | 0 | 0 | 738 | ||||
| T5 | 886 | 303 | 0 | 0 | 204 | 33 | 218 | 247 | ||||
| 配方 Formulation | 元素浓度/(mmol·L-1) Element concentration/(mmol·L-1) | |||||||||||
| 氮(铵态氮) Nitrogen (ammonium nitrogen) | 磷P | 钾K | 钙Ca | 镁Mg | 硫S | |||||||
| CK | 15.00(1.00) | 1.00 | 6.00 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | ||||||
| T1 | 17.33(1.33) | 1.33 | 8.00 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | ||||||
| T2 | 8.00(0.67) | 0.74 | 4.74 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | ||||||
| T3 | 13.33(1.33) | 1.33 | 8.00 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | ||||||
| T4 | 14.00(0) | 1.03 | 6.03 | 4.5 | 3.0 | 3.0 | ||||||
| T5 | 11.00(0.50) | 1.50 | 7.00 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 2.5 | ||||||
Table 1 Standard formulation of major elements
| 配方 Formulation | 盐类化合物质量浓度/(mg·L-1) Mass concentration of salt compounds/(mg·L-1) | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ca(NO3)2·4H2O | KNO3 | NH4NO3 | NH4H2PO4 | KH2PO4 | (NH4)2SO4 | K2SO4 | MgSO4·7H2O | |||||
| CK | 945 | 607 | 0 | 115 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 493 | ||||
| T1 | 945 | 809 | 0 | 153 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 493 | ||||
| T2 | 472 | 267 | 53 | 0 | 100 | 0 | 116 | 264 | ||||
| T3 | 472 | 809 | 0 | 153 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 493 | ||||
| T4 | 1 062 | 505 | 0 | 0 | 140 | 0 | 0 | 738 | ||||
| T5 | 886 | 303 | 0 | 0 | 204 | 33 | 218 | 247 | ||||
| 配方 Formulation | 元素浓度/(mmol·L-1) Element concentration/(mmol·L-1) | |||||||||||
| 氮(铵态氮) Nitrogen (ammonium nitrogen) | 磷P | 钾K | 钙Ca | 镁Mg | 硫S | |||||||
| CK | 15.00(1.00) | 1.00 | 6.00 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | ||||||
| T1 | 17.33(1.33) | 1.33 | 8.00 | 4.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | ||||||
| T2 | 8.00(0.67) | 0.74 | 4.74 | 2.0 | 1.0 | 2.0 | ||||||
| T3 | 13.33(1.33) | 1.33 | 8.00 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | ||||||
| T4 | 14.00(0) | 1.03 | 6.03 | 4.5 | 3.0 | 3.0 | ||||||
| T5 | 11.00(0.50) | 1.50 | 7.00 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 2.5 | ||||||
Fig.2 Growth indicators and yield of vegetable sweet potatoes under different nutrient solution formulation treatments Variety A, Shulyu 1; Variety B, Xucaiguan 1; Variety C, Nonglin Zibai. Bars marked without the same letters for the same variety indicate significant (p<0.05) differences between treatments. The same as below.
| 主成分 Principal component | 特征值 Eigenvalue | 方差贡献率/% Variance contribution rate/% | 累计方差贡献率/% Cumulative variance contribution rate/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8.229 | 35.779 | 35.779 |
| 2 | 4.542 | 19.748 | 55.526 |
| 3 | 3.318 | 14.428 | 69.954 |
| 4 | 1.739 | 7.562 | 77.516 |
| 5 | 1.224 | 5.320 | 82.836 |
| 6 | 1.010 | 4.390 | 87.226 |
Table 2 Eigenvalues, variance contribution rates and cumulative variance contribution rates of the principal components
| 主成分 Principal component | 特征值 Eigenvalue | 方差贡献率/% Variance contribution rate/% | 累计方差贡献率/% Cumulative variance contribution rate/% |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8.229 | 35.779 | 35.779 |
| 2 | 4.542 | 19.748 | 55.526 |
| 3 | 3.318 | 14.428 | 69.954 |
| 4 | 1.739 | 7.562 | 77.516 |
| 5 | 1.224 | 5.320 | 82.836 |
| 6 | 1.010 | 4.390 | 87.226 |
| 性状 Trait | 主成分Principal component | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
| X22 | 0.923 | -0.080 | 0.146 | 0.123 | -0.167 | -0.062 |
| X16 | 0.920 | -0.084 | 0.015 | 0.094 | -0.139 | -0.152 |
| X21 | 0.879 | -0.193 | 0.144 | 0.134 | 0.072 | -0.195 |
| X23 | -0.872 | 0.031 | 0.244 | -0.136 | 0.132 | 0.158 |
| X11 | 0.820 | -0.161 | 0.422 | -0.200 | -0.162 | 0.035 |
| X1 | -0.793 | -0.131 | -0.521 | -0.004 | -0.086 | -0.041 |
| X13 | 0.759 | 0.255 | 0.019 | -0.315 | 0.216 | 0.349 |
| X2 | 0.745 | -0.123 | -0.187 | 0.078 | 0.285 | 0.281 |
| X6 | 0.685 | 0.490 | -0.181 | -0.095 | 0.403 | -0.059 |
| X20 | 0.613 | -0.536 | -0.298 | 0.111 | 0.044 | 0.279 |
| X10 | 0.579 | -0.527 | -0.282 | -0.123 | -0.416 | 0.259 |
| X9 | 0.525 | 0.369 | 0.446 | -0.168 | -0.175 | 0.106 |
| X7 | -0.072 | 0.871 | 0.168 | 0.213 | -0.209 | -0.013 |
| X8 | 0.299 | 0.851 | -0.14 | 0.051 | -0.034 | 0.085 |
| X17 | -0.292 | -0.808 | 0.424 | -0.088 | 0.024 | 0.160 |
| X18 | -0.228 | -0.759 | 0.521 | -0.130 | 0.054 | 0.191 |
| X4 | 0.487 | -0.332 | -0.735 | 0.092 | 0.245 | -0.005 |
| X19 | 0.233 | 0.112 | -0.687 | -0.364 | 0.177 | -0.060 |
| X5 | 0.585 | 0.203 | 0.674 | -0.194 | 0.024 | -0.075 |
| X3 | 0.024 | -0.376 | -0.046 | 0.743 | 0.097 | 0.091 |
| X14 | 0.152 | 0.353 | -0.087 | 0.667 | -0.334 | 0.297 |
| X12 | -0.049 | 0.076 | 0.597 | 0.450 | 0.599 | -0.007 |
| X15 | -0.467 | 0.526 | -0.008 | -0.134 | 0.066 | 0.618 |
Table 3 Factor loading matrix of principal components
| 性状 Trait | 主成分Principal component | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |
| X22 | 0.923 | -0.080 | 0.146 | 0.123 | -0.167 | -0.062 |
| X16 | 0.920 | -0.084 | 0.015 | 0.094 | -0.139 | -0.152 |
| X21 | 0.879 | -0.193 | 0.144 | 0.134 | 0.072 | -0.195 |
| X23 | -0.872 | 0.031 | 0.244 | -0.136 | 0.132 | 0.158 |
| X11 | 0.820 | -0.161 | 0.422 | -0.200 | -0.162 | 0.035 |
| X1 | -0.793 | -0.131 | -0.521 | -0.004 | -0.086 | -0.041 |
| X13 | 0.759 | 0.255 | 0.019 | -0.315 | 0.216 | 0.349 |
| X2 | 0.745 | -0.123 | -0.187 | 0.078 | 0.285 | 0.281 |
| X6 | 0.685 | 0.490 | -0.181 | -0.095 | 0.403 | -0.059 |
| X20 | 0.613 | -0.536 | -0.298 | 0.111 | 0.044 | 0.279 |
| X10 | 0.579 | -0.527 | -0.282 | -0.123 | -0.416 | 0.259 |
| X9 | 0.525 | 0.369 | 0.446 | -0.168 | -0.175 | 0.106 |
| X7 | -0.072 | 0.871 | 0.168 | 0.213 | -0.209 | -0.013 |
| X8 | 0.299 | 0.851 | -0.14 | 0.051 | -0.034 | 0.085 |
| X17 | -0.292 | -0.808 | 0.424 | -0.088 | 0.024 | 0.160 |
| X18 | -0.228 | -0.759 | 0.521 | -0.130 | 0.054 | 0.191 |
| X4 | 0.487 | -0.332 | -0.735 | 0.092 | 0.245 | -0.005 |
| X19 | 0.233 | 0.112 | -0.687 | -0.364 | 0.177 | -0.060 |
| X5 | 0.585 | 0.203 | 0.674 | -0.194 | 0.024 | -0.075 |
| X3 | 0.024 | -0.376 | -0.046 | 0.743 | 0.097 | 0.091 |
| X14 | 0.152 | 0.353 | -0.087 | 0.667 | -0.334 | 0.297 |
| X12 | -0.049 | 0.076 | 0.597 | 0.450 | 0.599 | -0.007 |
| X15 | -0.467 | 0.526 | -0.008 | -0.134 | 0.066 | 0.618 |
| 品种 Variety | 处理 Treatment | Y1 | Y2 | Y3 | Y4 | Y5 | Y6 | Y | 综合排序 Comprehensive ranking |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | CK | -4.065 | 1.896 | -2.498 | 0.406 | 1.522 | -0.151 | -1.335 b | 16 |
| T1 | -2.734 | -1.150 | -2.628 | -0.712 | -0.401 | 0.184 | -1.652 b | 17 | |
| T2 | -2.013 | 3.034 | 2.311 | -1.612 | -0.448 | 0.875 | 0.105 a | 11 | |
| T3 | -3.859 | -1.484 | 1.118 | 2.167 | -0.127 | 0.614 | -1.328 b | 15 | |
| T4 | -4.036 | 0.174 | 1.208 | -0.374 | 1.688 | 0.434 | -1.155 b | 14 | |
| T5 | -5.333 | -0.850 | 0.182 | -1.980 | -1.652 | -1.066 | -2.334 c | 18 | |
| B | CK | 2.424 | 0.275 | -1.541 | 0.104 | 1.496 | -1.303 | 0.729 b | 5 |
| T1 | 2.987 | -2.552 | -2.878 | -2.075 | -0.307 | 0.248 | -0.013 c | 13 | |
| T2 | 3.249 | 0.977 | 2.170 | -1.064 | 1.137 | -1.063 | 1.602 a | 2 | |
| T3 | 2.125 | -3.645 | 0.632 | 0.404 | 0.354 | -0.164 | 0.174 c | 10 | |
| T4 | 0.929 | -1.910 | 2.414 | 0.093 | 1.553 | 0.599 | 0.419 bc | 7 | |
| T5 | 1.919 | -3.036 | 1.008 | -0.594 | -0.521 | 1.584 | 0.230 bc | 9 | |
| C | CK | 1.884 | 2.505 | -1.967 | 0.202 | 0.471 | -0.464 | 0.905 b | 3 |
| T1 | 1.722 | 1.696 | -2.325 | 1.023 | -0.463 | 2.087 | 0.760 bc | 4 | |
| T2 | 3.235 | 3.971 | 1.328 | -0.617 | -1.270 | 0.551 | 2.043 a | 1 | |
| T3 | 0.552 | -0.222 | -0.177 | 2.759 | -1.371 | -0.415 | 0.246 de | 8 | |
| T4 | 0.276 | 1.001 | 1.141 | 1.541 | -0.209 | -0.735 | 0.534 cd | 6 | |
| T5 | 0.736 | -0.681 | 0.503 | 0.329 | -1.452 | -1.815 | 0.069 e | 12 |
Table 4 Comprehensive evaluation scores and rankings of various vegetable sweet potato varieties under different nutrient solution formulations
| 品种 Variety | 处理 Treatment | Y1 | Y2 | Y3 | Y4 | Y5 | Y6 | Y | 综合排序 Comprehensive ranking |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | CK | -4.065 | 1.896 | -2.498 | 0.406 | 1.522 | -0.151 | -1.335 b | 16 |
| T1 | -2.734 | -1.150 | -2.628 | -0.712 | -0.401 | 0.184 | -1.652 b | 17 | |
| T2 | -2.013 | 3.034 | 2.311 | -1.612 | -0.448 | 0.875 | 0.105 a | 11 | |
| T3 | -3.859 | -1.484 | 1.118 | 2.167 | -0.127 | 0.614 | -1.328 b | 15 | |
| T4 | -4.036 | 0.174 | 1.208 | -0.374 | 1.688 | 0.434 | -1.155 b | 14 | |
| T5 | -5.333 | -0.850 | 0.182 | -1.980 | -1.652 | -1.066 | -2.334 c | 18 | |
| B | CK | 2.424 | 0.275 | -1.541 | 0.104 | 1.496 | -1.303 | 0.729 b | 5 |
| T1 | 2.987 | -2.552 | -2.878 | -2.075 | -0.307 | 0.248 | -0.013 c | 13 | |
| T2 | 3.249 | 0.977 | 2.170 | -1.064 | 1.137 | -1.063 | 1.602 a | 2 | |
| T3 | 2.125 | -3.645 | 0.632 | 0.404 | 0.354 | -0.164 | 0.174 c | 10 | |
| T4 | 0.929 | -1.910 | 2.414 | 0.093 | 1.553 | 0.599 | 0.419 bc | 7 | |
| T5 | 1.919 | -3.036 | 1.008 | -0.594 | -0.521 | 1.584 | 0.230 bc | 9 | |
| C | CK | 1.884 | 2.505 | -1.967 | 0.202 | 0.471 | -0.464 | 0.905 b | 3 |
| T1 | 1.722 | 1.696 | -2.325 | 1.023 | -0.463 | 2.087 | 0.760 bc | 4 | |
| T2 | 3.235 | 3.971 | 1.328 | -0.617 | -1.270 | 0.551 | 2.043 a | 1 | |
| T3 | 0.552 | -0.222 | -0.177 | 2.759 | -1.371 | -0.415 | 0.246 de | 8 | |
| T4 | 0.276 | 1.001 | 1.141 | 1.541 | -0.209 | -0.735 | 0.534 cd | 6 | |
| T5 | 0.736 | -0.681 | 0.503 | 0.329 | -1.452 | -1.815 | 0.069 e | 12 |
| 品种 Variety | 处理 Treatment | 可溶性糖含量/% Soluble sugar content/% | 维生素C含量/(mg·g-1) Vitamin C content/(mg·g-1) | 硝酸盐含量/(mg·g-1) Nitrate content/(mg·g-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | CK | 0.13±0.01 c | 0.68±0.07 b | 0.91±0.10 c |
| T1 | 0.15±0.01 c | 0.73±0.08 b | 1.61±0.14 a | |
| T2 | 0.34±0.04 a | 0.89±0.09 a | 0.65±0.04 d | |
| T3 | 0.19±0.02 b | 0.60±0.03 b | 1.10±0.09 b | |
| T4 | 0.11±0.01 c | 0.72±0.06 b | 1.05±0.10 bc | |
| T5 | 0.12±0.01 c | 0.62±0.07 b | 0.89±0.08 c | |
| B | CK | 0.17±0.02 c | 1.08±0.09 ab | 1.33±0.13 c |
| T1 | 0.18±0.02 c | 1.00±0.09 b | 2.31±0.23 a | |
| T2 | 0.28±0.01 a | 1.22±0.12 a | 1.28±0.08 c | |
| T3 | 0.23±0.03 b | 0.85±0.04 c | 2.24±0.27 a | |
| T4 | 0.19±0.02 c | 1.00±0.12 b | 1.88±0.05 b | |
| T5 | 0.18±0.02 c | 1.12±0.15 ab | 1.88±0.15 b | |
| C | CK | 0.22±0.02 b | 1.07±0.09 b | 1.64±0.16 b |
| T1 | 0.18±0.01 c | 1.09±0.11 ab | 2.21±0.20 a | |
| T2 | 0.30±0.03 a | 1.26±0.11 a | 1.21±0.10 c | |
| T3 | 0.19±0.02 bc | 0.69±0.08 d | 1.47±0.14 bc | |
| T4 | 0.17±0.02 c | 0.87±0.11 c | 1.62±0.14 b | |
| T5 | 0.18±0.01 c | 0.63±0.05 d | 1.42±0.14 bc |
Table 5 Effects of different nutrient solution formulations on quality indicators of vegetable sweet potato
| 品种 Variety | 处理 Treatment | 可溶性糖含量/% Soluble sugar content/% | 维生素C含量/(mg·g-1) Vitamin C content/(mg·g-1) | 硝酸盐含量/(mg·g-1) Nitrate content/(mg·g-1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | CK | 0.13±0.01 c | 0.68±0.07 b | 0.91±0.10 c |
| T1 | 0.15±0.01 c | 0.73±0.08 b | 1.61±0.14 a | |
| T2 | 0.34±0.04 a | 0.89±0.09 a | 0.65±0.04 d | |
| T3 | 0.19±0.02 b | 0.60±0.03 b | 1.10±0.09 b | |
| T4 | 0.11±0.01 c | 0.72±0.06 b | 1.05±0.10 bc | |
| T5 | 0.12±0.01 c | 0.62±0.07 b | 0.89±0.08 c | |
| B | CK | 0.17±0.02 c | 1.08±0.09 ab | 1.33±0.13 c |
| T1 | 0.18±0.02 c | 1.00±0.09 b | 2.31±0.23 a | |
| T2 | 0.28±0.01 a | 1.22±0.12 a | 1.28±0.08 c | |
| T3 | 0.23±0.03 b | 0.85±0.04 c | 2.24±0.27 a | |
| T4 | 0.19±0.02 c | 1.00±0.12 b | 1.88±0.05 b | |
| T5 | 0.18±0.02 c | 1.12±0.15 ab | 1.88±0.15 b | |
| C | CK | 0.22±0.02 b | 1.07±0.09 b | 1.64±0.16 b |
| T1 | 0.18±0.01 c | 1.09±0.11 ab | 2.21±0.20 a | |
| T2 | 0.30±0.03 a | 1.26±0.11 a | 1.21±0.10 c | |
| T3 | 0.19±0.02 bc | 0.69±0.08 d | 1.47±0.14 bc | |
| T4 | 0.17±0.02 c | 0.87±0.11 c | 1.62±0.14 b | |
| T5 | 0.18±0.01 c | 0.63±0.05 d | 1.42±0.14 bc |
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