Effects of different harvest time on quality of walnut varieties Wen 185 and Xinxin 2

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.10.13

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10): 2188-2198.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.10.13

• Horticultural Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of different harvest time on quality of walnut varieties Wen 185 and Xinxin 2

HAO Jinlian¹^,²^,³(), YANG Yuqi¹^,², WANG Ru¹^,², YANG Mengsi¹^,², LIAO Chenyu¹^,², CHEN Hong¹, HU Haifang⁴^,^*()

1. School of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
2. Xinjiang Jiakutan Stroke National Long-Term Scientific Research Base, Aksu 843100, Xinjiang, China
3. Xinjiang Forest Fruit Strong Breeding and Cultivation Key Laboratory, Urumqi 830062, China
4. Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences, Urumqi 830062, China

Received:2021-05-22 Online:2022-10-25 Published:2022-10-26
Contact: HU Haifang

Abstract

Abstract:

Considering the premature and late harvesting time in walnut producing areas of Wensu County, Aksu, Xinjiang, the uneven quality of walnuts is caused. In this paper, the cracking rate of walnut green peel was taken as the standard to study different harvest periods and measure external quality and internal change of walnut varieties Wen 185 and Xinxin 2, for determining suitable harvest time of walnut under different cracking rates. Samples were taken every 5 days, Wen 185 was taken from August 16th to September 5th, 2020, Xinxin 2 was from September 15th to October 5th, 2020, and each sampling was based on cracking rate (Wen 185: 0%, 5%, 20%, 50%, 95%; Xinxin 2: 0%, 5%, 50%, 70%, 90%), and the three diameters of fresh fruit and dry fruit, fresh fruit weight, dry fruit weight, shell thickness, kernel rate, moisture content, black spot rate, the contents of fat, protein, total sugar, tannin and trace elements of the two samples were determined. The results showed with the harvest time delay, Wen 185’s and Xinxin 2’s three diameters of fresh fruit and dry fruit, fresh fruit weight, dry fruit weight and kernel rates all increased, while shell thickness, moisture contents and shell black spot rates decreased. The appearance quality of Wen 185 nuts reached a high level from August 31st to September 5th, while the appearance quality of Xinxin 2 reached a high level from September 30th to October 5th. With the harvest time delay, fat and protein contents of Wen185 increased, while tannin and total sugar contents decreased. On September 5th, they reached the higher levels. Mineral element contents such as P, Ca, Zn, Na, K and Fe was on an upward trend, Cu was descending, and the peaks were on September 5th. Fat content, protein content, mineral element content (except Cu) from Xinxin 2 were on the upward trend. The content of tannin and total sugar decreased, and the peak values were from September 25th to October 5th. Early harvesting of walnuts will significantly reduce the appearance and internal qualities of nuts. Therefore, when cracking rate of Wen 185 green fruit reached 50%-95%, from August 31st to September 5th, and Xinxin 2 green fruit reached 70%-90%, from September 30th to October 5th were the suitable harvest times for the two kinds of walnuts.

Key words: walnuts, harvest time, green fruit cracking rate, fruit quality

CLC Number:

S664.1

HAO Jinlian, YANG Yuqi, WANG Ru, YANG Mengsi, LIAO Chenyu, CHEN Hong, HU Haifang. Effects of different harvest time on quality of walnut varieties Wen 185 and Xinxin 2[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(10): 2188-2198.

Figures/Tables 12

References 33

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品种 Variety	采收期 Harvest time	青果开裂率(Y) Green fruit cracking rate/%	鲜果重(X₁) Fresh fruit weight/g	鲜果三径均值(X₂) Three diameter average values of fresh fruit/mm	干果重(X₃) Dry fruit weight/g	干果三径均值(X₄) Three diameter average values of dry fruit/mm	壳厚(X₅) Shell thickness/ mm	含水率(X₆) Water content/%	黑斑率 (X₇) Black spot ratio/%
温185	08-16	0	83.38	47.30	13.58	34.21	1.57	45	6.67
Wen185	08-21	5	74.15	47.40	12.75	36.33	1.45	44	36.67
	08-26	20	70.68	49.05	12.88	36.85	1.50	42	33.33
	08-31	50	51.25	53.50	10.30	37.77	1.46	37	16.67
	09-05	95	84.80	54.25	14.38	38.33	1.44	35	43.33
新新2	09-15	0	55.04	47.00	12.74	35.57	1.66	39	86.67
Xinxin2	09-20	5	56.93	48.95	13.34	36.13	1.59	38	63.33
	09-25	50	56.34	48.19	13.99	36.32	1.75	36	46.67
	09-30	70	56.21	49.69	13.86	36.65	1.57	35	20.00
	10-05	90	56.71	49.94	13.79	36.43	1.57	34	16.67

品种 Variety	采收期 Harvest time	青果开裂率(Y) Green fruit cracking rate/%	鲜果重(X₁) Fresh fruit weight/g	鲜果三径均值(X₂) Three diameter average values of fresh fruit/mm	干果重(X₃) Dry fruit weight/g	干果三径均值(X₄) Three diameter average values of dry fruit/mm	壳厚(X₅) Shell thickness/ mm	含水率(X₆) Water content/%	黑斑率 (X₇) Black spot ratio/%
温185	08-16	0	83.38	47.30	13.58	34.21	1.57	45	6.67
Wen185	08-21	5	74.15	47.40	12.75	36.33	1.45	44	36.67
	08-26	20	70.68	49.05	12.88	36.85	1.50	42	33.33
	08-31	50	51.25	53.50	10.30	37.77	1.46	37	16.67
	09-05	95	84.80	54.25	14.38	38.33	1.44	35	43.33
新新2	09-15	0	55.04	47.00	12.74	35.57	1.66	39	86.67
Xinxin2	09-20	5	56.93	48.95	13.34	36.13	1.59	38	63.33
	09-25	50	56.34	48.19	13.99	36.32	1.75	36	46.67
	09-30	70	56.21	49.69	13.86	36.65	1.57	35	20.00
	10-05	90	56.71	49.94	13.79	36.43	1.57	34	16.67

品种 Variety	采收期 Harvest time	仁色 Kernel color	黑仁 Black kernel
品种 Variety	采收期 Harvest time	仁色 Kernel color	部位Part	大小Size
温185	08-16	黄白色 Yellowish white	—	—
Wen 185	08-21	浅黄色 Light yellow	—	—
	08-26	浅琥珀黄色 Light amber yellow	仁背黑 Kernel back black	小,点状分布 Small, punctate distribution
	08-31	45%褐色,55%深琥珀色 45% brown, 55% dark amber	仁背黑 Kernel back black	大,块状分布 Large, massive distribution
	09-05	琥珀色 Amber	—	—
新新2	09-15	黄白色 Yellowish white	—	—
Xinxin 2	09-20	浅黄色 Light yellow	—	—
	09-25	浅琥珀色 Light amber	仁背黑 Kernel back black	小,点状分布 Small, punctate distribution
	09-30	30%褐色,70%琥珀色 30% brown, 70% amber	仁背黑 Kernel back black	小,点状分布 Small, punctate distribution
	10-05	琥珀色 Amber	—	—

品种 Variety	采收期 Harvest time	仁色 Kernel color	黑仁 Black kernel
品种 Variety	采收期 Harvest time	仁色 Kernel color	部位Part	大小Size
温185	08-16	黄白色 Yellowish white	—	—
Wen 185	08-21	浅黄色 Light yellow	—	—
	08-26	浅琥珀黄色 Light amber yellow	仁背黑 Kernel back black	小,点状分布 Small, punctate distribution
	08-31	45%褐色,55%深琥珀色 45% brown, 55% dark amber	仁背黑 Kernel back black	大,块状分布 Large, massive distribution
	09-05	琥珀色 Amber	—	—
新新2	09-15	黄白色 Yellowish white	—	—
Xinxin 2	09-20	浅黄色 Light yellow	—	—
	09-25	浅琥珀色 Light amber	仁背黑 Kernel back black	小,点状分布 Small, punctate distribution
	09-30	30%褐色,70%琥珀色 30% brown, 70% amber	仁背黑 Kernel back black	小,点状分布 Small, punctate distribution
	10-05	琥珀色 Amber	—	—

品种 Variety	采收期 Harvest time	出仁率 Kernel rate/%
温185	08-16	55.23±0.57 d
Wen 185	08-21	57.91±0.47 c
	08-26	59.52±0.40 bc
	08-31	61.59±0.71 b
	09-05	63.84±0.46 a
新新2	09-15	52.70±0.66 d
Xinxin 2	09-20	54.01±0.55 c
	09-25	56.56±0.46 bc
	09-30	57.26±0.51 ab
	10-05	59.18±0.27 a

Effects of different harvest time on quality of walnut varieties Wen 185 and Xinxin 2

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矿质元素 Trace element	采收期Harvest time					F统计量 F statistics	P
矿质元素 Trace element	08-16	08-21	08-26	08-31	09-05	F统计量 F statistics	P
P/(mg·kg^-1)	2 100±50	2 030±20	1 610±40	2 110±30	1 950±50	80.506	<0.001
Na/(mg·kg^-1)	551±103	579±26	302±29	400±50	701±54	21.134	<0.001
K/(mg·kg^-1)	3 630±26	3 763±61	3 800±10	3 717±42	3 837±15	14.595	<0.001
Ca/(mg·kg^-1)	309.6±54.6	299.7±7.8	315.1±5.4	316.9±10.3	312.6±20.9	0.58	0.684
Fe/(mg·kg^-1)	54±1.8	36.5±3.7	49.6±0.3	40.1±6.7	69.4±4.8	29.511	<0.001
Cu/(mg·kg^-1)	15.9±0.6	13.2±0.1	11.3±0.1	12.3±0.6	13.6±0.8	32.632	<0.001
Zn/(mg·kg^-1)	26.2±0.2	22.4±1.3	28.2±1.5	19.9±0.2	30.0±1.8	36.172	<0.001

矿质元素 Trace element	采收期Harvest time					F统计量 F statistics	P
矿质元素 Trace element	9-15	9-20	9-25	9-30	10-05	F统计量 F statistics	P
P/(mg·kg^-1)	1 670±70	1 630±50	1 720±20	1 690±40	1 730±30	2.359	0.124
Na/(mg·kg^-1)	200±19	276±38	547±53	588±18	617±83	47.041	<0.001
K/(mg·kg^-1)	3 417±15	1 417±06	3 427±25	3 621±126	3 793±31	797.925	<0.001
Ca/(mg·kg^-1)	284.1±3.9	327.4±34.9	335.5±13.6	347.2±5.7	293.0±14.3	6.846	0.006
Fe/(mg·kg^-1)	37.8±0.8	23.5±1.1	37.3±3.4	35.9±3.9	44.8±2.5	25.676	<0.001
Cu/(mg·kg^-1)	19.0±0.2	19.9±0.2	18.8±0.5	18.2±0.4	7.60±0.5	598.289	<0.001
Zn/(mg·kg^-1)	36.7±0.5	12.0±2.0	37.0±2.3	39.1±7.0	47.2±1.7	42.559	<0.001

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