互联网信息技术使用对农业生产率的影响分析——以江西省水稻种植户为例

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.12.24

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12): 2809-2822.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.12.24

• 农业经济与发展 • 上一篇

互联网信息技术使用对农业生产率的影响分析——以江西省水稻种植户为例

高雪萍¹(), 张予涵¹, 张梦玲¹, 廖文梅¹^,²^,^*()

1.江西农业大学经济管理学院,江西南昌 330045
2.江西省乡村振兴战略研究院,江西南昌 330045

收稿日期:2022-04-26 出版日期:2022-12-25 发布日期:2022-12-26
通讯作者: 廖文梅
作者简介:*廖文梅,E-mail:liaowenmei@126.com
高雪萍(1977—),女,江西分宜人,博士,教授,主要从农业技术经济研究。E-mail:xuepinggao@jxau.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(71763012);江西省教育厅科学技术研究项目(GJJ180192);江西省社会科学“十四五”(2022年)基金(22YJ48D)

Analysis of the impact of use of internet information technology on agricultural productivity: a case study of rice farmers in Jiangxi Province, China

GAO Xueping¹(), ZHANG Yuhan¹, ZHANG Mengling¹, LIAO Wenmei¹^,²^,^*()

1. College of Economics and Management, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
2. Jiangxi Rural Revitalization Strategy Research Institute,Nanchang 330045, China

Received:2022-04-26 Online:2022-12-25 Published:2022-12-26
Contact: LIAO Wenmei

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用江西省549份水稻种植户数据,采用普通最小二乘法(OLS)、倾向得分匹配法(PSM),从微观层面分析互联网信息技术使用对水稻农业生产率的影响。研究结果表明,使用互联网信息技术可以显著提高水稻的土地生产率和全要素生产率,但是增产效应大于增效的效应。使用倾向得分匹配方法对比基准回归结果后,仍然得到了一致结论。异质性结果表明,考虑农户教育水平差异,互联网信息技术使用仅对较低教育水平农户土地生产率的促进作用显著,对全要素生产率的提升效应仅对较高教育水平农户显著;考虑农业经营规模差异,互联网信息技术使用仅对规模较大户的土地生产率和全要素生产率提升作用显著,在适度扩大土地经营规模的条件下,互联网信息技术的增产效应大于效率提升效应。因此需要持续推进农村互联网及配套基础设施建设,同时提高农民文化素养、鼓励规模经营,提升农民从互联网获取农业信息、技术的能力与需求。

关键词: 互联网, 水稻, 土地生产率, 全要素生产率, 倾向得分匹配法

Abstract:

Based on the data of 549 rice growers in Jiangxi Province, this paper used ordinary least squares (OLS) and propensity score matching (PSM) methods to analyze the impact of the use of internet information technology on agricultural productivity of rice at the micro level. The results showed that the use of internet information technology could significantly improve the land productivity and total factor productivity of rice, but the effect of increasing productivity was greater than that of increasing efficiency. After comparing the benchmark regression results and the propensity score matching method, we still got a consistent conclusion. The heterogeneity results showed that considering the differences in farmers' education levels, the use of internet information technology only significantly promoted the land productivity of farmers with lower education levels and only significantly improved the total factor productivity of farmers with higher education levels. Considering the difference in agricultural operation scale, the use of internet information technology only significantly improved the land productivity and total factor productivity of larger households. Under the condition of moderately expanding the scale of land operation, the effect of internet information technology on increasing production was greater than that of improving efficiency. Therefore, it was necessary to continuously promote the construction of rural internet and supporting infrastructure, improve farmers' cultural literacy, encourage large-scale operations, and increase the ability and demand to obtain agricultural information and technology from the internet.

Key words: internet, rice, land productivity, total factor productivity, propensity score matching

中图分类号:

S-9
F304.7

高雪萍, 张予涵, 张梦玲, 廖文梅. 互联网信息技术使用对农业生产率的影响分析——以江西省水稻种植户为例[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(12): 2809-2822.

GAO Xueping, ZHANG Yuhan, ZHANG Mengling, LIAO Wenmei. Analysis of the impact of use of internet information technology on agricultural productivity: a case study of rice farmers in Jiangxi Province, China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(12): 2809-2822.

图/表 7

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变量 Variable	变量解释 Variable interpretation	全样本(549) Full sample(549)		使用互联网信息技术样本 (285) Sample of using internet information technology(285)		未使用互联网信息技术样本(264) Not using internet samples(264)
变量 Variable	变量解释 Variable interpretation	平均值 Average value	标准差 Standard deviation	平均值 Average value	标准差 Standard deviation	平均值 Average value	标准差 Standard deviation
产出变量 Output variable
水稻总产量 Total rice production	连续变量 Continuous variable/kg	4 823.462	13 592.320	1 813.076	2 285.720	7 612.030	18 314.630
投入变量 Input variable
农地投入 Agricultural land investment	水稻播种面积 Rice sown area/hm²	0.671	1.762	0.983	2.354	0.334	0.517
劳动力投入 Labor input	自有劳动力与雇佣劳动力之和 Sum of self owned labor and employed labor/h	212.855	586.570	327.242	793.613	89.369	85.510
资本投入 Capital input	水稻种植过程中耕整地、播种、地膜、施肥、除草、打药、收获、运输、秸秆处理费用/元 Fees for land preparation, sowing, film mulching, fertilization, herbicide, spraying, harvesting, transportation and straw treatment during rice planting/Yuan	6 566.921	20 841.540	9 836.762	27 815.880	3 036.979	6 743.685
被解释变量 Explained variable
土地生产率 Land productivity	连续变量 Continuous variable/(kg·hm^-2)	7 059.479	2 093.505	7 384.032	1 971.983	6 709.109	2 166.923
全要素生产率 Total factor productivity	综合效率值 Comprehensive efficiency value	0.140	0.121	0.158	0.147	0.120	0.080
关键解释变量 Key explanatory variables
是否使用互联网信息技术 Use of internet information technology	1=是,0=否 1=Yes, 0=No	0.519	0.500
生产信息 Production information
总工时 Total working hours	连续变量 Continuous variable/h	212.855	586.570	327.242	793.613	89.369	85.510
总费用 Total cost	连续变量/元 Continuous variable/Yuan	6 566.921	20 841.540	9 836.762	27 815.880	3 036.979	6 743.685
播种面积Seeded area	连续变量Continuous variable/hm²	0.658	1.745	0.983	2.354	0.334	0.517
播种地块数 Number of sown plots	按照实际调查数据 According to the actual survey data	8.643	18.995	11.004	23.861	6.095	11.155
平均土地质量 Average land quality	1=低,2=中,3=高 1=Low, 2=Medium, 3=High	2.122	0.565	2.204	0.544	2.034	0.574
户主特征 Household head characteristics
户主年龄 Age	1=30岁及以下,2=31~40岁, 3=41~50岁,4=51~60岁, 5=61岁及以上 1=30 years old and below, 2=31-40 years old, 3=41-50 years old, 4=51-60 years old, 5=61 years old and above	4.080	0.851	3.779	0.803	4.405	0.779
变量 Variable	变量解释 Variable interpretation	全样本(549) Full sample(549)		使用互联网信息技术样本 (285) Sample of using internet information technology(285)		未使用互联网信息技术样本(264) Not using internet samples(264)
变量 Variable	变量解释 Variable interpretation	平均值 Average value	标准差 Standard deviation	平均值 Average value	标准差 Standard deviation	平均值 Average value	标准差 Standard deviation
户主受教育程度 Education level	1=没上学,2=小学,3=初中,4=高中/中专,5=大专及以上 1=No school, 2=Primary school, 3=Junior high school, 4=High school/Technical secondary school, 5=Junior college and above	2.519	0.791	2.649	0.807	2.379	0.750
户主健康程度 Health degree	1=很不健康,2=不健康,3=一般, 4=健康,5=很健康 1=Very unhealthy, 2=Unhealthy, 3=Average, 4=Healthy, 5=Very healthy	3.572	1.101	3.877	1.032	3.242	1.080
户主是否技能培训 Skill training	1=是,0=否 1=Yes, 0=No	0.107	0.310	0.133	0.341	0.080	0.271
家庭特征 Family characteristics
家庭人口禀赋 Family population endowment	按照实际调查数据 According to actual survey data	4.687	1.986	4.758	1.827	4.610	2.146
是否有党员 Party member	1=是,0=否 1=Yes, 0=No	0.230	0.421	0. 263	0.441	0.193	0.396
村庄特征 Village characteristics
村庄通网年限 Network fixed number of years	按照实际调查数据 According to the actual survey data/a	5.224	3.572	5.491	3.759	4.936	3.342
村庄农户通网比率 Network ratio	通网线家庭数量/总家庭数量 Number of households with network cables/total number of households	0.122	0.077	0.123	0.776	0.120	0.076

变量 Variable	变量解释 Variable interpretation	全样本(549) Full sample(549)		使用互联网信息技术样本 (285) Sample of using internet information technology(285)		未使用互联网信息技术样本(264) Not using internet samples(264)
变量 Variable	变量解释 Variable interpretation	平均值 Average value	标准差 Standard deviation	平均值 Average value	标准差 Standard deviation	平均值 Average value	标准差 Standard deviation
产出变量 Output variable
水稻总产量 Total rice production	连续变量 Continuous variable/kg	4 823.462	13 592.320	1 813.076	2 285.720	7 612.030	18 314.630
投入变量 Input variable
农地投入 Agricultural land investment	水稻播种面积 Rice sown area/hm²	0.671	1.762	0.983	2.354	0.334	0.517
劳动力投入 Labor input	自有劳动力与雇佣劳动力之和 Sum of self owned labor and employed labor/h	212.855	586.570	327.242	793.613	89.369	85.510
资本投入 Capital input	水稻种植过程中耕整地、播种、地膜、施肥、除草、打药、收获、运输、秸秆处理费用/元 Fees for land preparation, sowing, film mulching, fertilization, herbicide, spraying, harvesting, transportation and straw treatment during rice planting/Yuan	6 566.921	20 841.540	9 836.762	27 815.880	3 036.979	6 743.685
被解释变量 Explained variable
土地生产率 Land productivity	连续变量 Continuous variable/(kg·hm^-2)	7 059.479	2 093.505	7 384.032	1 971.983	6 709.109	2 166.923
全要素生产率 Total factor productivity	综合效率值 Comprehensive efficiency value	0.140	0.121	0.158	0.147	0.120	0.080
关键解释变量 Key explanatory variables
是否使用互联网信息技术 Use of internet information technology	1=是,0=否 1=Yes, 0=No	0.519	0.500
生产信息 Production information
总工时 Total working hours	连续变量 Continuous variable/h	212.855	586.570	327.242	793.613	89.369	85.510
总费用 Total cost	连续变量/元 Continuous variable/Yuan	6 566.921	20 841.540	9 836.762	27 815.880	3 036.979	6 743.685
播种面积Seeded area	连续变量Continuous variable/hm²	0.658	1.745	0.983	2.354	0.334	0.517
播种地块数 Number of sown plots	按照实际调查数据 According to the actual survey data	8.643	18.995	11.004	23.861	6.095	11.155
平均土地质量 Average land quality	1=低,2=中,3=高 1=Low, 2=Medium, 3=High	2.122	0.565	2.204	0.544	2.034	0.574
户主特征 Household head characteristics
户主年龄 Age	1=30岁及以下,2=31~40岁, 3=41~50岁,4=51~60岁, 5=61岁及以上 1=30 years old and below, 2=31-40 years old, 3=41-50 years old, 4=51-60 years old, 5=61 years old and above	4.080	0.851	3.779	0.803	4.405	0.779
变量 Variable	变量解释 Variable interpretation	全样本(549) Full sample(549)		使用互联网信息技术样本 (285) Sample of using internet information technology(285)		未使用互联网信息技术样本(264) Not using internet samples(264)
变量 Variable	变量解释 Variable interpretation	平均值 Average value	标准差 Standard deviation	平均值 Average value	标准差 Standard deviation	平均值 Average value	标准差 Standard deviation
户主受教育程度 Education level	1=没上学,2=小学,3=初中,4=高中/中专,5=大专及以上 1=No school, 2=Primary school, 3=Junior high school, 4=High school/Technical secondary school, 5=Junior college and above	2.519	0.791	2.649	0.807	2.379	0.750
户主健康程度 Health degree	1=很不健康,2=不健康,3=一般, 4=健康,5=很健康 1=Very unhealthy, 2=Unhealthy, 3=Average, 4=Healthy, 5=Very healthy	3.572	1.101	3.877	1.032	3.242	1.080
户主是否技能培训 Skill training	1=是,0=否 1=Yes, 0=No	0.107	0.310	0.133	0.341	0.080	0.271
家庭特征 Family characteristics
家庭人口禀赋 Family population endowment	按照实际调查数据 According to actual survey data	4.687	1.986	4.758	1.827	4.610	2.146
是否有党员 Party member	1=是,0=否 1=Yes, 0=No	0.230	0.421	0. 263	0.441	0.193	0.396
村庄特征 Village characteristics
村庄通网年限 Network fixed number of years	按照实际调查数据 According to the actual survey data/a	5.224	3.572	5.491	3.759	4.936	3.342
村庄农户通网比率 Network ratio	通网线家庭数量/总家庭数量 Number of households with network cables/total number of households	0.122	0.077	0.123	0.776	0.120	0.076

项目 Item	土地生产率 Land productivity	全要素生产率 Total factor productivity
关键解释变量 Key explanatory variables
是否使用互联网信息技术 Use of internet Information technology	0.194^*** (0.051)	0.040^*** (0.010)
生产信息 Production information
总工时 Total working hours	0.040^** (0.020)	-0.058^*** (0.006)
总费用 Total cost	-0.003 (0.026)	0.023^*** (0.006)
播种面积 Seeded area	-0.003 (0.029)	0.036^*** (0.008)
播种地块数 Number of sown plots	-0.004 (0.004)	-0.002^** (0.001)
平均土地质量 Average land quality	0.128^*** (0.040)	0.014 (0.008)
户主特征 Household head characteristics
户主年龄 Age	0.058^* (0.030)	-0.002 (0.006)
户主受教育程度 Education level	-0.090^*** (0.028)	-0.014^*** (0.005)
户主健康程度 Health degree	0.067^*** (0.019)	0.008^** (0.005)
户主是否技能培训 Skill training	0.014 (0.057)	0.014 (0.017)
家庭特征 Family characteristics
家庭人口禀赋 Family population endowment	-0.009 (0.013)	-0.000 (0.002)
是否有党员 Party member	0.035 (0.048)	0.004 (0.011)
村庄特征 Village characteristics
村庄通网年限 Network fixed number of years	0.002 (0.006)	-0.001 (0.001)
村庄农户通网比率 Network ratio	-0.317 (0.315)	-0.063 (0.056)
Obs	549	549
Prob>F	0.000	0.000
R²	0.125	0.301

项目 Item	土地生产率 Land productivity	全要素生产率 Total factor productivity
关键解释变量 Key explanatory variables
是否使用互联网信息技术 Use of internet Information technology	0.194^*** (0.051)	0.040^*** (0.010)
生产信息 Production information
总工时 Total working hours	0.040^** (0.020)	-0.058^*** (0.006)
总费用 Total cost	-0.003 (0.026)	0.023^*** (0.006)
播种面积 Seeded area	-0.003 (0.029)	0.036^*** (0.008)
播种地块数 Number of sown plots	-0.004 (0.004)	-0.002^** (0.001)
平均土地质量 Average land quality	0.128^*** (0.040)	0.014 (0.008)
户主特征 Household head characteristics
户主年龄 Age	0.058^* (0.030)	-0.002 (0.006)
户主受教育程度 Education level	-0.090^*** (0.028)	-0.014^*** (0.005)
户主健康程度 Health degree	0.067^*** (0.019)	0.008^** (0.005)
户主是否技能培训 Skill training	0.014 (0.057)	0.014 (0.017)
家庭特征 Family characteristics
家庭人口禀赋 Family population endowment	-0.009 (0.013)	-0.000 (0.002)
是否有党员 Party member	0.035 (0.048)	0.004 (0.011)
村庄特征 Village characteristics
村庄通网年限 Network fixed number of years	0.002 (0.006)	-0.001 (0.001)
村庄农户通网比率 Network ratio	-0.317 (0.315)	-0.063 (0.056)
Obs	549	549
Prob>F	0.000	0.000
R²	0.125	0.301

项目Item	系数Coefficient
生产信息 Production information
总工时 Total working hours	0.361^*** (0.121)
总费用 Total cost	0.114 (0.124)
播种面积 Seeded area	0.418^* (0.240)
播种地块数 Number of sown plots	-0.025^* (0.015)
平均土地质量 Average land quality	0.344^* (0.187)
户主特征 Household head characteristics
户主年龄 Age	-0.938^*** (0.133)
户主受教育程度 Education level	0.255^* (0.137)
户主健康程度 Health degree	0.268^*** (0.096)
户主是否技能培训 Skill training	-0.200 (0.353)
家庭特征 Family characteristics
家庭人口禀赋 Family population endowment	0.011 (0.047)
是否有党员 Party member	0.431^* (0.248)
村庄特征 Village characteristics
村庄通网年限 Network fixed number of years	0.062^** (0.031)
村庄农户通网比率 Network ratio	-1.074 (1.408)
Pseudo-R²	0.211
Prob>chi2	<0.001
Obs	549

互联网信息技术使用对农业生产率的影响分析——以江西省水稻种植户为例

Analysis of the impact of use of internet information technology on agricultural productivity: a case study of rice farmers in Jiangxi Province, China

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变量名称 Variable		均值差异Mean		偏差 Deviation/%	T值 T value
变量名称 Variable		实验组Treated	控制组Untreated	偏差 Deviation/%	T值 T value
生产信息Production information
总工时Total working hours	匹配前Unmatched	4.778	4.127	57.300	6.660^***
	匹配后Matched	4.564	4.626	-5.400	-0.620
总费用Total cost	匹配前Unmatched	7.895	7.239	51.400	5.99^***
	匹配后Matched	7.639	7.806	-13.100	-1.440
播种面积Seeded area	匹配前Unmatched	0.983	0.334	38.100	4.380^***
	匹配后Matched	0.494	0.572	-4.500	-1.170
播种地块数Number of sown plots	匹配前Unmatched	11.004	6.095	26.400	3.050^***
	匹配后Matched	7.361	8.181	-4.400	-0.780
平均土地质量Average land quality	匹配前Unmatched	2.204	2.034	30.300	3.550^***
	匹配后Matched	2.151	2.151	0.000	0.000
户主特征Household head characteristics
户主年龄Age	匹配前Unmatched	3.779	4.405	-79.200	-9.260^***
	匹配后Matched	3.929	4.000	-9.000	-0.990
户主受教育程度Education level	匹配前Unmatched	2.649	2.379	34.700	4.060^***
	匹配后Matched	2.597	2.592	0.500	0.060
户主健康程度Health degree	匹配前Unmatched	3.877	3.242	60.100	7.040^***
	匹配后Matched	3.748	3.744	0.400	0.040
户主是否技能培训Skill training	匹配前Unmatched	0.130	0.080	16.400	1.920^*
	匹配后Matched	0.113	0.122	-2.700	-0.280
家庭特征Family characteristics
家庭人口禀赋	匹配前Unmatched	4.912	4.648	12.300	1.440
Family population endowment	匹配后Matched	4.958	4.929	1.400	0.150
是否有党员Party member	匹配前Unmatched	0.263	0.193	16.700	1.950^*
	匹配后Matched	0.261	0.269	-2.000	-0.210
村庄特征Village characteristics
村庄通网年限	匹配前Unmatched	5.491	4.936	15.600	1.820^*
Network fixed number of years	匹配后Matched	5.218	5.345	-3.500	-0.370
村庄农户通网比率Network ratio	匹配前Unmatched	0.123	0.120	2.900	0.340
	匹配后Matched	0.118	0.113	6.500	0.710

项目 Item	匹配方法 Matching method	实验组/控制组 Treated/Untreated	平均处理效应 ATT	T值 T value
土地生产率Land productivity	k近邻匹配(k=1) k-nearest neighbor matching(k=1)	264/285	0.161^**	2.28
	半径匹配(卡尺=0.01) Radius matching(ε=0.01)	264/285	0.196^***	3.19
	核匹配Kernel matching	264/285	0.219^***	3.86
	均值Mean value	—	0.192	—
全要素生产效率	k近邻匹配(k=1) k-nearest neighbor matching(k=1)	264/285	0.034^**	2.52
Total factor productivity	半径匹配(卡尺=0.01) Radius matching(ε=0.01)	264/285	0.037^***	3.15
	核匹配Kernel matching	264/285	0.036^***	3.15
	均值Mean value	—	0.036	—

项目 Item	匹配方法 Matching method	ATT
项目 Item	匹配方法 Matching method	土地生产率 Land productivity	全要素生产率 Total factor productivity
较低教育水平	k近邻匹配(k=1) k-nearest neighbor matching(k=1)	0.221^*(1.87)	0.032(1.41)
Low education level	半径匹配(卡尺=0.01) Radius matching(ε=0.01)	0.170^**(1.98)	0.046^**(2.54)
	核匹配Kernel matching	0.167^*(1.95)	0.035^**(2.09)
	均值Mean value	0.186	0.037
较高教育水平	k近邻匹配(k=1) k-nearest neighbor matching(k=1)	0.160(1.33)	0.052^***(2.94)
High education level	半径匹配(卡尺=0.01) Radius matching(ε=0.01)	0.143(1.21)	0.051^***(2.75)
	核匹配Kernel matching	0.203^**(2.18)	0.039^**(2.39)
	均值Mean value	0.167	0.047

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