杀虫剂施用对秀珍菇和毛木耳的安全性评价

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240930

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 1733-1742.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240930

杀虫剂施用对秀珍菇和毛木耳的安全性评价

张智颖¹^,²(), 邱琴¹^,², 侯立娟¹, 徐平¹, 蒋宁¹, 林金盛¹, 李辉平¹, 曲绍轩¹, 马林¹^,^*(), 王伟霞², 李福后²^,^*()

1.江苏省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,江苏省高效园艺作物遗传改良重点实验室,江苏南京 210014
2.江苏海洋大学海洋食品与生物工程学院,江苏省海洋生物资源与环境重点实验室,江苏连云港 222005

收稿日期:2024-10-30 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-09-03
作者简介:张智颖(1998—),男,江苏扬州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为食品安全。E-mail: zzy1ng@163.com
通讯作者: *马林,E-mail: malin1590@sina.com;李福后,E-mail: lifuhou2002@163.com
基金资助:
国家食用菌产业技术体系(CARS-20)

Evaluation on the safety of insecticides application on Pleurotus pulmonarius and Auricularia cornea

ZHANG Zhiying¹^,²(), QIU Qin¹^,², HOU Lijuan¹, XU Ping¹, JIANG Ning¹, LIN Jinsheng¹, LI Huiping¹, QU Shaoxuan¹, MA Lin¹^,^*(), WANG Weixia², LI Fuhou²^,^*()

1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Horticultural Crop Genetic Improvement, Institute of Vegetable Crop, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
2. Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment in Jiangsu Province, School of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, Jiangsu, China

Received:2024-10-30 Online:2025-08-25 Published:2025-09-03
Contact: MA Lin,LI Fuhou

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用拌料和喷雾两种施用方式,研究除虫脲、呋虫胺、高效氯氰菊酯和氯虫苯甲酰胺这4种杀虫剂对秀珍菇和毛木耳菌丝和子实体生长的影响,并使用液相色谱-质谱联用法和气相色谱法对其残留情况进行分析。结果表明,1 000 mg·L^-1的氯虫苯甲酰胺拌料处理对秀珍菇菌丝生长的抑制率最高,显著(p<0.05)高于其他处理;1 000 mg·L^-1的氯虫苯甲酰胺或高效氯氰菊酯拌料处理对毛木耳菌丝生长的抑制率最高,显著高于其他处理。当采用拌料处理时:100 mg·L^-1的高效氯氰菊酯处理对秀珍菇子实体产量的影响最小,第一潮菇的生物转化率在48%以上;100 mg·L^-1呋虫胺处理对毛木耳子实体产量的影响最小,第一潮菇的生物转化率在64%以上。当采用喷雾处理时:呋虫胺处理对秀珍菇的产量均无显著影响,第一潮菇的生物转化率在47%以上;100 mg·L^-1呋虫胺和高效氯氰菊酯处理对毛木耳产量的影响最小,第一潮菇的生物转化率在64%以上。用100~500 mg·L^-1的高效氯氰菊酯、氯虫苯甲酰胺拌料处理时,秀珍菇和毛木耳的子实体中的农药残留量低于检出限(0.01 mg·kg^-1)。当使用100~1 000 mg·L^-1的上述4种杀虫剂进行喷雾处理时,秀珍菇子实体中的农药残留量均在最大残留限量许可范围内;当使用100 mg·L^-1的上述4种杀虫剂进行喷雾处理时,毛木耳子实体中的农药残留量在最大残留限量许可范围内。兼顾食品安全和病害防治:在秀珍菇上,可选用100~1 000 mg·L^-1的呋虫胺进行喷洒处理或用100~500 mg·L^-1的高效氯氰菊酯进行拌料处理;在毛木耳上,可使用100 mg·L^-1的呋虫胺、高效氯氰菊酯进行喷雾处理或用100~500 mg·L^-1的呋虫胺进行拌料处理。

关键词: 杀虫剂, 秀珍菇, 毛木耳, 菌丝, 产量, 安全性

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of four insecticides (diflubenzuron, dinotefuran, beta-cypermethrin and chlorantraniliprole) on the mycelia growth and fruiting body development of Pleurotus pulmonarius and Auricularia cornea, two application methods(substrate mixing and spraying) were employed. Residue analysis was also conducted by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography (GC). It was shown that the substrate mixing with 1 000 mg·L^-1 chlorantraniliprole exhibited the highest inhibition rate on mycelia growth of P. pulmonarius, which was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the other treatments. The substrate mixing with 1 000 mg·L^-1 beta-cypermethrin and chlorantraniliprole exhibited the highest inhibition rate on mycelia growth of A. polytricha, which was significantly higher than the other treatments. Under substrate mixing: 100 mg·L^-1 beta-cypermethrin exhibited the least impact on the yield of P. pulmonarius fruiting body, with a bioconversion rate exceeding 48% for the first flush; 100 mg·L^-1 dinotefuran showed the least impact on the yield of A. cornea fruiting body with a bioconversion rate over 64%. Under insecticides spraying: dinotefuran caused no significant yield reduction in P. pulmonarius fruiting body, with bioconversion rates above 47%; 100 mg·L^-1 dinotefuran and beta-cypermethrin demonstrated the minimal effect on the yield of A. cornea fruiting body, with bioconversion rates exceeding 64%. Insecticides residue content in fruiting body of P. pulmonarius and A. cornea was below the detection limit (0.01 mg·kg^-1) with 100, 500 mg·L^-1 beta-cypermethrin or chlorantraniliprole via substrate mixing. For insecticides spraying, the insecticides residue content in fruiting body of P. pulmonarius was within the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for the 4 insecticides at 100-1 000 mg·L^-1. However, only when these insecticides were sprayed at 100 mg·L^-1, the insecticides residue content in A. cornea fruiting body was within MRLs. Given the food security and disease control: spraying of 100-1 000 mg·L^-1 dinotefuran or substrate mixing with 100-500 mg·L^-1 beta-cypermethrin was optimal for P. pulmonarius; sparying of 100 mg·L^-1 dinotefuran, beta-cypermethrin or substrate mixing with 100-500 mg·L^-1 dinotefuran was acceptable for A. cornea.

Key words: insecticide, Pleurotus pulmonarius, Auricularia cornea, mycelium, yield, safety

中图分类号:

张智颖, 邱琴, 侯立娟, 徐平, 蒋宁, 林金盛, 李辉平, 曲绍轩, 马林, 王伟霞, 李福后. 杀虫剂施用对秀珍菇和毛木耳的安全性评价[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(8): 1733-1742.

ZHANG Zhiying, QIU Qin, HOU Lijuan, XU Ping, JIANG Ning, LIN Jinsheng, LI Huiping, QU Shaoxuan, MA Lin, WANG Weixia, LI Fuhou. Evaluation on the safety of insecticides application on Pleurotus pulmonarius and Auricularia cornea[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(8): 1733-1742.

图/表 5

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处理 Treatment	产量Yield/g		生物转化率Bioconversion rate/%
处理 Treatment	秀珍菇 Pleurotus pulmonarius	毛木耳 Auricularia cornea	秀珍菇 Pleurotus pulmonarius	毛木耳 Auricularia cornea
CK-1	111.17±8.43 a	148.83±10.06 a	50.53±6.89 a	67.65±4.57 a
100 mg·L^-1除虫脲	102.83±8.43 bc	132.17±15.85 bc	46.74±3.79 bc	60.08±7.20 b
100 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
500 mg·L^-1除虫脲	101.67±7.99 bc	129.83±14.23 bc	46.21±3.63 bc	59.02±6.45 bc
500 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
1 000 mg·L^-1除虫脲	95.83±10.65 de	126.83±15.46 bc	43.56±4.84 de	57.65±7.03 bc
1 000 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
100 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	95.67±6.55 de	142.33±12.43 ab	43.49±2.98 de	64.70±5.65 a
100 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
500 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	93.17±6.89 ef	134.33±13.95 bc	42.35±3.13 ef	61.06±6.34 b
500 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
1 000 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	88.83±5.27 f	133.17±14.35 bc	40.38±2.40 f	60.53±6.52 b
1 000 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
100 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	106.33±7.85 ab	126.33±14.88 c	48.33±3.57 ab	57.42±6.77 bc
100 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
500 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	102.33±8.03 bc	125.50±14.85 c	46.52±6.71 bc	57.05±6.75 bc
500 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
1 000 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	98.67±5.62 cd	101.50±16.18 d	44.85±2.55 cd	46.14±7.36 d
1 000 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
100 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	102.67±8.92 bc	133.50±15.82 bc	46.67±6.84 bc	60.68±7.19 b
100 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole
500 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	99.17±5.18 cd	132.83±16.16 bc	45.08±2.35 cd	60.38±7.35 b
500 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole
1 000 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	90.33±5.15 f	122.83±18.60 c	41.06±2.34 f	55.83±8.46 c
1 000 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole

处理 Treatment	产量Yield/g		生物转化率Bioconversion rate/%
处理 Treatment	秀珍菇 Pleurotus pulmonarius	毛木耳 Auricularia cornea	秀珍菇 Pleurotus pulmonarius	毛木耳 Auricularia cornea
CK-1	111.17±8.43 a	148.83±10.06 a	50.53±6.89 a	67.65±4.57 a
100 mg·L^-1除虫脲	102.83±8.43 bc	132.17±15.85 bc	46.74±3.79 bc	60.08±7.20 b
100 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
500 mg·L^-1除虫脲	101.67±7.99 bc	129.83±14.23 bc	46.21±3.63 bc	59.02±6.45 bc
500 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
1 000 mg·L^-1除虫脲	95.83±10.65 de	126.83±15.46 bc	43.56±4.84 de	57.65±7.03 bc
1 000 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
100 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	95.67±6.55 de	142.33±12.43 ab	43.49±2.98 de	64.70±5.65 a
100 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
500 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	93.17±6.89 ef	134.33±13.95 bc	42.35±3.13 ef	61.06±6.34 b
500 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
1 000 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	88.83±5.27 f	133.17±14.35 bc	40.38±2.40 f	60.53±6.52 b
1 000 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
100 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	106.33±7.85 ab	126.33±14.88 c	48.33±3.57 ab	57.42±6.77 bc
100 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
500 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	102.33±8.03 bc	125.50±14.85 c	46.52±6.71 bc	57.05±6.75 bc
500 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
1 000 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	98.67±5.62 cd	101.50±16.18 d	44.85±2.55 cd	46.14±7.36 d
1 000 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
100 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	102.67±8.92 bc	133.50±15.82 bc	46.67±6.84 bc	60.68±7.19 b
100 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole
500 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	99.17±5.18 cd	132.83±16.16 bc	45.08±2.35 cd	60.38±7.35 b
500 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole
1 000 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	90.33±5.15 f	122.83±18.60 c	41.06±2.34 f	55.83±8.46 c
1 000 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole

处理 Treatment	产量Yield/g		生物转化率Bioconversion rate/%
处理 Treatment	秀珍菇 Pleurotus pulmonarius	毛木耳 Auricularia cornea	秀珍菇 Pleurotus pulmonarius	毛木耳 Auricularia cornea
CK-2	111.17±8.43 a	148.33±67.65 a	50.53±3.83 a	67.65±4.57 a
100 mg·L^-1除虫脲	102.5±8.54 bcd	113.67±14.43 c	46.59±3.89 cde	51.67±6.56 de
100 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
500 mg·L^-1除虫脲	100.67±9.01 cd	109.17±11.26 cd	45.76±4.10 de	49.62±5.12 e
500 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
1 000 mg·L^-1除虫脲	100.33±9.48 cd	93.83±12.69 e	45.61±4.31 de	42.65±5.77 f
1 000 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
100 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	110.33±9.83 ab	141.83±9.44 ab	50.15±4.47 ab	64.47±4.29 b
100 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
500 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	105.83±9.84 abcd	132.17±10.54 b	48.11±4.47 abcd	60.08±4.79 c
500 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
1 000 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	105.50±9.86 abcd	111.33±12.04 c	47.96±4.48 abcd	50.61±5.47 e
1 000 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
100 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	106.83±8.61 abc	142.67±11.46 ab	48.56±3.91 abc	64.85±5.21 b
100 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
500 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	103.17±9.35 abcd	135.33±10.48 b	46.89±4.25 cde	61.52±4.76 c
500 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
1 000 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	102.50±9.46 bcd	119.33±9.98 c	46.59±4.30 cde	54.24±4.54 d
1 000 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
100 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	104.83±9.96 abcd	113.83±10.06 c	47.65±4.53 bcd	51.74±4.57 de
100 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole
500 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	100.33±9.74 cd	109.83±11.44 cd	45.61±4.43 de	49.92±5.20 e
500 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole
1 000 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	97.33±10.31 d	97.83±13.76 de	44.24±4.68 e	44.47±6.26 f
1 000 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole

处理 Treatment	产量Yield/g		生物转化率Bioconversion rate/%
处理 Treatment	秀珍菇 Pleurotus pulmonarius	毛木耳 Auricularia cornea	秀珍菇 Pleurotus pulmonarius	毛木耳 Auricularia cornea
CK-2	111.17±8.43 a	148.33±67.65 a	50.53±3.83 a	67.65±4.57 a
100 mg·L^-1除虫脲	102.5±8.54 bcd	113.67±14.43 c	46.59±3.89 cde	51.67±6.56 de
100 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
500 mg·L^-1除虫脲	100.67±9.01 cd	109.17±11.26 cd	45.76±4.10 de	49.62±5.12 e
500 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
1 000 mg·L^-1除虫脲	100.33±9.48 cd	93.83±12.69 e	45.61±4.31 de	42.65±5.77 f
1 000 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
100 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	110.33±9.83 ab	141.83±9.44 ab	50.15±4.47 ab	64.47±4.29 b
100 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
500 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	105.83±9.84 abcd	132.17±10.54 b	48.11±4.47 abcd	60.08±4.79 c
500 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
1 000 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	105.50±9.86 abcd	111.33±12.04 c	47.96±4.48 abcd	50.61±5.47 e
1 000 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
100 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	106.83±8.61 abc	142.67±11.46 ab	48.56±3.91 abc	64.85±5.21 b
100 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
500 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	103.17±9.35 abcd	135.33±10.48 b	46.89±4.25 cde	61.52±4.76 c
500 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
1 000 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	102.50±9.46 bcd	119.33±9.98 c	46.59±4.30 cde	54.24±4.54 d
1 000 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
100 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	104.83±9.96 abcd	113.83±10.06 c	47.65±4.53 bcd	51.74±4.57 de
100 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole
500 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	100.33±9.74 cd	109.83±11.44 cd	45.61±4.43 de	49.92±5.20 e
500 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole
1 000 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	97.33±10.31 d	97.83±13.76 de	44.24±4.68 e	44.47±6.26 f
1 000 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole

处理 Treatment	灭菌后培养料的残留量 Residue amount on sterilized culture material		长满菌丝时培养料的残留量 Residue amount on culture material with fall mycelia		采后培养料的残留量 Residue amount on post harvest culture material		子实体残留量 Residue amount on fruiting bodies
处理 Treatment	PP	AC	PP	AC	PP	AC	PP	AC
100 mg·L^-1除虫脲	0.011	6.852	ND	6.536	ND	0.166	ND	0.200
100 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
500 mg·L^-1除虫脲	2.185	19.716	2.170	19.404	2.001	0.473	0.096	0.256
500 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
1 000 mg·L^-1除虫脲	3.308	32.956	3.007	29.024	2.668	22.664	0.157	0.291
1 000 mg·L^-1 Diflubenzuron
100 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	1.358	56.204	0.833	29.224	0.079	0.374	0.043	ND
100 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
500 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	2.520	186.120	1.874	86.24	0.429	0.514	0.332	ND
500 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
1 000 mg·L^-1呋虫胺	2.973	340.160	2.901	159.64	1.862	16.972	0.527	0.053
1 000 mg·L^-1 Dinotefuran
100 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	7.428	61.326	3.969	5.518	2.914	4.768	ND	ND
100 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
500 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	69.385	329.081	61.312	41.718	38.521	9.443	ND	ND
500 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
1 000 mg·L^-1高效氯氰菊酯	112.526	771.814	99.326	133.519	61.422	33.536	0.251	ND
1 000 mg·L^-1 Beta-cypermethrin
100 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	ND	0.085	ND	0.055	ND	0.035	ND	ND
100 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole
500 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	0.013	1.413	0.011	1.215	ND	0.880	ND	ND
500 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole
1 000 mg·L^-1氯虫苯甲酰胺	0.037	4.624	0.028	4.376	0.021	3.830	ND	ND
1 000 mg·L^-1 Chlorantraniliprole
CK-1	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND

杀虫剂施用对秀珍菇和毛木耳的安全性评价

Evaluation on the safety of insecticides application on Pleurotus pulmonarius and Auricularia cornea

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