间作大豆与苜蓿对紫斑牡丹根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250154

浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 351-363.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250154

间作大豆与苜蓿对紫斑牡丹根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响

杨玉山¹(), 张苗苗¹, 吕增伟², 陈雪¹, 黄秋良¹, 刘浩洋¹, 曹明辉¹, 黄振北¹, 张国防¹^,^*()

1.福建农林大学林学院, 福建福州 350002
2.凉山彝族自治州林业草原科学研究院, 四川西昌 615050

收稿日期:2025-03-06 出版日期:2026-02-25 发布日期:2026-03-24
作者简介:杨玉山,研究方向为森林培育。E-mail:m15526303369@163.com
通讯作者: ^*张国防,E-mail:fjzgfzgf@fafu.edu.cn
基金资助:
福建省科技计划项目(202210008);东西部协作项目(KH180062A);东西部协作项目(11891008004);东西部协作项目(KH190315A)

Effects of intercropping with soybean and alfalfa on the rhizosphere soil microbial community structure of Paeonia rockii

YANG Yushan¹(), ZHANG Miaomiao¹, LYU Zengwei², CHEN Xue¹, HUANG Qiuliang¹, LIU Haoyang¹, CAO Minghui¹, HUANG Zhenbei¹, ZHANG Guofang¹^,^*()

1. College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
2. Institute of Forestry and Grassland Science, Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Xichang 615050, Sichuan, China

Received:2025-03-06 Online:2026-02-25 Published:2026-03-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究紫斑牡丹(Paeonia rockii)单作及其分别与大豆(Glycine max)、苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)间作对根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响,为紫斑牡丹生态种植模式优化提供理论依据。以紫斑牡丹单作为对照,分别设置紫斑牡丹-大豆间作和紫斑牡丹-苜蓿间作处理,采集根际土壤样品,利用高通量测序技术分析细菌与真菌群落组成与多样性。结果表明:除速效钾外,间作大豆或苜蓿对土壤有效养分含量无显著影响,但改变了根际土壤的微生物群落结构。间作苜蓿提高了细菌群落的丰富度,间作大豆对真菌群落的丰富度与多样性无显著影响;间作大豆增加了变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteriota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)等有益菌群的相对丰度,并降低了病原菌镰刀菌属(Fusarium)的相对丰度。综上,紫斑牡丹间作有助于提升根际土壤有益菌丰度并抑制病原菌富集,其中间作大豆在改善真菌群落结构方面更具优势,更有利于改善紫斑牡丹根际土壤微生态环境。

关键词: 紫斑牡丹, 间作, 根际土壤, 微生物群落, 丰富度, 多样性

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the effects of monocropping of Paeonia rockii and its intercropping with Glycine max and Medicago sativa L., respectively, on the rhizosphere soil microbial community structure, providing a theoretical basis for optimizing the ecological planting patterns of P. rockii. Using P. rockii monoculture as the control, treatments of P. rockii-G. max intercropping and P. rockii-M. sativa intercropping were established. Rhizosphere soil samples were collected, and high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze the composition and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities. The results indicated that, with the exception of available potassium, intercropping with soybean or alfalfa had no significant effect on soil available nutrient content but altered the rhizosphere microbial community structure. Intercropping with alfalfa increased the richness of bacterial communities, intercropping with soybean had no significant effect on the richness and diversity of fungal communities. Additionally, intercropping with soybeam increased the relative abundance of beneficial microbial groups such as Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Basidiomycota, and reduced the relative abundance of the pathogenic fungus Fusarium. In conclusion, intercropping of P. rockii helped enhance the abundance of beneficial rhizosphere microbes and suppressed pathogen enrichment. Intercropping with soybean showed greater advantages in improving the fungal community structure, making it more conducive to improving the rhizosphere soil micro-ecological environment of P. rockii.

Key words: Paeonia rockii, intercropping, rhizosphere soil, microbial community, richness, diversity

中图分类号:

杨玉山, 张苗苗, 吕增伟, 陈雪, 黄秋良, 刘浩洋, 曹明辉, 黄振北, 张国防. 间作大豆与苜蓿对紫斑牡丹根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(2): 351-363.

YANG Yushan, ZHANG Miaomiao, LYU Zengwei, CHEN Xue, HUANG Qiuliang, LIU Haoyang, CAO Minghui, HUANG Zhenbei, ZHANG Guofang. Effects of intercropping with soybean and alfalfa on the rhizosphere soil microbial community structure of Paeonia rockii[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(2): 351-363.

图/表 12

表1 根际土壤化学性质

Table 1 Chemical properties of the rhizosphere soil

处理 Sample	pH值 pH value	SOM/(g·kg^-1)	AN/(mg·kg^-1)	AP/(mg·kg^-1)	AK/(mg·kg^-1)
CK	8.80±0.08 a	11.69±0.48 a	28.31±2.10 a	10.01±4.26 a	7.38±0.06 a
DD	8.84±0.03 a	11.76±0.47 a	41.69±8.82 a	8.69±0.52 a	6.99±0.21 b
MX	8.78±0.04 a	12.32±0.61 a	29.56±9.57 a	5.66±1.64 a	7.39±0.08 a

表2 根际土壤微生物的Alpha多样性

Table 2 Alpha diversity of rhizosphere soil microorganism

微生物 Microorganism	样品 Sample	丰富度指数Richness index		多样性指数Diversity index		测序深度指数 Coverage index
微生物 Microorganism	样品 Sample	ACE指数 ACE index	Chao 1指数 Chao 1 index	Simpson指数 Simpson index	Shannon指数 Shannon index	测序深度指数 Coverage index
细菌Bacteria	CK	3 499.03±11.14 b	3 501.64±16.05 b	0.99±0.01 a	10.76±0.00 a	0.99±0.01 a
	DD	3 117.07±420.63 b	3 114.06±424.58 b	0.99±0.01 a	10.50±0.13 a	0.96±0.02 a
	MX	4 108.92±338.89 a	4 128.54±346.57 a	0.99±0.01 a	10.79±0.30 a	0.95±0.01 a
真菌Fungi	CK	865.56±33.97 a	862.89±30.56 a	0.97±0.01 a	6.66±0.36 a	0.99±0.02 a
	DD	1 102.47±178.82 a	1 105.68±179.39 a	0.96±0.01 a	6.68±0.36 a	0.98±0.04 a
	MX	887.36±227.45 a	889.43±226.88 a	0.89±0.05 a	5.42±0.62 a	0.99±0.01 a

图1 根际土壤微生物的ASV数量 CK,紫斑牡丹单作;DD;紫斑牡丹+大豆间作;MX,紫斑牡丹+苜蓿间作。下同。

Fig.1 The number of ASVs of rhizosphere soil microorganism CK, P. rockii monoculture;DD, P. rockii-G. max intercropping;MX, P. rockii-M. sativa intercropping. The same as below.

图2 根际土壤微生物群落的ANOSIM分析、PCoA分析与距离热图 A,细菌群落物种组成ANOSIM分析;B,细菌群落物种组成PCoA分析;C,细菌群落物种组成热图分析;D,真菌群落物种组成ANOSIM分析;E,真菌群落物种组成PCoA分析;F,真菌群落物种组成热图分析。R2,决定系数。

Fig.2 ANOSIM analysis, PCoA analysis, and distance heatmap of rhizosphere soil microbial community A, ANOSIM analysis of bacterial community composition; B, PCoA analysis of bacterial community composition; C, Heatmap analysis of bacterial community composition; D, ANOSIM analysis of fungal community composition; E, PCoA analysis of fungal community composition; F, Heatmap analysis of fungal community composition. R2, Determination coefficient.

图3 真菌(左)和细菌(右)门水平的根际土壤微生物相对丰度

Fig.3 Relative abundance of rhizosphere soil microorganisms at the fungal (left) and bacterial (right) phylum level

表3 属水平的根际土壤微生物组成

Table 3 Rhizosphere soil microbial composition at the genus level

细菌 Bacterium	占比Proportion			真菌 Fungus	占比Proportion
细菌 Bacterium	CK	DD	MX	真菌 Fungus	CK	DD	MX
Vicinamibacteraceae	4.69	2.62	2.83	拟鬼伞属Coprinopsis	0	9.46	0
鞘氨醇单胞菌属Sphingomonas	2.80	2.52	2.72	异茎点霉属Paraphoma	0	1.99	0
MND1	2.85	2.57	2.66	锥盖伞属Conocybe	0	1.50	0
WD2101_soil_group	4.33	1.40	2.97	被孢霉属Mortierella	0	1.37	0
KD4-96	1.61	2.30	2.01	毛壳菌属Chaetomium	0	4.48	0
Gitt-GS-136	1.04	2.12	1.61	四枝孢属Tetracladium	1.78	3.34	2.47
盖氏菌属Gaiella	1.64	1.67	1.18	镰刀菌属Fusarium	2.50	1.07	2.17
MB-A2-108	1.35	1.32	1.12	外瓶霉属Exophiala	3.85	5.22	3.98
RB41	2.80	0	1.81	膜座霉属Hymenula	3.96	2.09	1.61
小梨形菌属Pirellula	0	1.39	1.08	枝孢属Cladosporium	1.87	0	1.33
Pir4_lineage	0	1.43	1.37	拟折孢属Minimelanolocus	1.57	1.55	0
Subgroup_7	0	1.46	1.32	斑褶菇属Panaeolus	1.75	0	0
出芽菌属Gemmata	0	1.54	1.24	暗孔菌属Amaurodon	1.70	0	2.78
Pedosphaeraceae	1.69	1.05	1.05	小荚孢腔菌属Sporormiella	0	3.46	0
绿弯菌属Chloroflexus	0	0	4.26	球毛壳孢属Chaetosphaeronema	0	0	1.52
TRA3-20	1.67	1.04	0	脐菇属Hebeloma	7.53	0	4.37
Rokubacteriales	1.15	0	0	地孔菌属Geopora	2.30	0	0
东秀珠氏菌属Dongia	1.39	1.18	0	绒革菌属Tomentella	3.25	0	2.56
土生单胞菌属Terrimonas	1.14	0	0
Ellin6067	1.17	0	0
黄色土杆菌属Chthoniobacter	1.29	0	0
IMCC26256	1.04	0	0
Reyranella	0	1.07	0

图4 COG功能分析

Fig.4 Analysis of COG functional categories

图5 根际土壤真菌的营养类群

Fig.5 Nutrient-based groups of rhizosphere soil fungi

表4 根际土壤真菌功能类群

Table 4 Functional groups of rhizosphere soil fungi

类群 Group	占比Proportion
类群 Group	CK	DD	MX
凋落物腐生-外生菌根-枯叶腐生-未知腐生真菌	21.94	7.05	5.17
Dung saprotroph-ectomycorrhizal-litter saprotroph-undefined saprotroph
外生菌根真菌Ectomycorrhizal	21.18	0	21.58
凋落物腐生-植物腐生-木质腐生真菌Dung saprotroph-plant saprotroph-wood saprotroph	0	16.94	1.52
动物病原-未知腐生真菌Animal pathogen-undefined saprotroph	5.58	9.09	8.44
动物病原-凋落物腐生-内生-附生-植物腐生-木质腐生真菌	0	7.78	0
Animal pathogen-dung saprotroph-endophyte-epiphyte-plant saprotroph-wood saprotroph
植物病原菌Plant pathogen	7.56	6.10	5.85
真菌寄生-植物病原-植物腐生真菌Fungal parasite-plant pathogen-plant saprotroph	2.64	4.28	6.24
动物病原-内生-枯叶腐生-植物病原-土壤腐生-木质腐生真菌	3.58	1.87	4.57
Animal pathogen-endophyte-lichen parasite-plant pathogen-soil saprotroph-wood saprotroph
动物病原-内生-枯叶腐生-植物病原-木质腐生真菌	3.40	1.30	3.54
Animal pathogen-endophyte-lichen parasite-plant pathogen-wood saprotroph
动物病原-真菌寄生-未知腐生真菌Animal pathogen-fungal parasite-undefined saprotroph	2.38	3.18	2.09

图6 根际土壤微生物的冗余分析

Fig.6 Redundancy analysis of rhizosphere soil microorganisms

图7 紫斑牡丹+大豆间作模式下土壤细菌群落与根际土壤化学性质的相关性热图 SOM,土壤有机质含量;AN,碱解氮含量;AP,速效磷含量;AK,速效钾含量。a,Vicinamibacteraceae;b,鞘氨醇单胞菌属;c,MND1;d,WD2101_soil_group;e,KD4-96;f,Gitt-GS-136;g,盖氏菌属;h,MB-A2-108;i,RB41;j,小梨形菌属;k,Pir4_lineage;l,Subgroup_7;m,出芽菌属;n,Pedosphaeraceae;o,绿弯菌属;p,TRA3-20;q,Rokubacteriales;r,东秀珠氏菌属;s,土生单胞菌属;t,Ellin6067;u,黄色土杆菌属;v,IMCC26256;w,Reyranella。**表示相关性极显著(p<0.01)。

Fig.7 Correlation heatmap between soil bacterial communities and rhizosphere soil chemical properties under the Paeonia rockii-Glycine max intercropping pattern SOM, Soil organic matter content; AN, Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content; AP, Available phosphorus content; AK, Available potassium content. a, Vicinamibacteraceae; b, Sphingomonas; c, MND1; d, WD2101_soil_group; e, KD4-96; f, Gitt-GS-136; g, Gaiella; h, MB-A2-108; i, RB41; j, Pirellula; k, Pir4_lineage; l, Subgroup_7; m, Gemmata; n, Pedosphaeraceae; o, Chloroflexus; p, TRA3-20; q, Rokubacteriales; r, Dongia; s, Terrimonas; t, Ellin6067; u, Chthoniobacter; v, IMCC26256; w, Reyranella. ** indicates significant correlation at p<0.01.

图8 紫斑牡丹+大豆间作模式下土壤真菌群落与根际土壤化学性质的相关性热图 SOM,土壤有机质含量;AN,碱解氮含量;AP,速效磷含量;AK,速效钾含量。A,拟鬼伞属;B,异茎点霉属;C,锥盖伞属;D,被孢霉属;E,毛壳菌属;F,四枝孢属;G,镰刀菌属;H,外瓶霉属;I,膜孢霉属;J,枝孢属;K,拟折孢属;L,斑褶菇属;M,暗孔菌属;N,小荚孢腔属;O,球毛壳孢属;P,脐菇属;Q,地孔菌属;R,绒革菌属;*表示显著相关(p<0.05),**表示极显著相关(p<0.01)。

Fig.8 Correlation heatmap between soil fungal communities and rhizosphere soil chemical properties under the Paeonia rockii-Glycine max intercropping pattern SOM, Soil organic matter content; AN, Alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content; AP, Available phosphorus content; AK, Available potassium content. A, Coprinopsis; B, Paraphoma; C, Conocybe; D, Mortierella; E, Chaetomium; F, Tetracladium; G, Fusarium; H, Exophiala; I, Hymenula; J, Cladosporium; K, Minimelanolocus; L, Panaeolus; M, Amaurodon; N, Sporormiella; O, Chaetosphaeronema; P, Hebeloma; Q, Geopora; R, Tomentella. * indicates significant correlation at p<0.05, ** indicates significant correlation at p<0.01.

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间作大豆与苜蓿对紫斑牡丹根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响

Effects of intercropping with soybean and alfalfa on the rhizosphere soil microbial community structure of Paeonia rockii

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