浙江农业学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (8): 1695-1705.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250471
林梦佳1,2(
), 赵梦冉2, 林凯旋2, 林德民2, 谢凯2, 张宜明1,*(
)
收稿日期:2025-07-08
出版日期:2026-08-25
发布日期:2026-09-14
作者简介:林梦佳,主要从事食品安全控制技术研究。E-mail:1814183828@qq.com
通讯作者:
*张宜明,E-mail:zym7307@zju.edu.cn
基金资助:
LIN Mengjia1,2(
), ZHAO Mengran2, LIN Kaixuan2, LIN Demin2, XIE Kai2, ZHANG Yiming1,*(
)
Received:2025-07-08
Published:2026-08-25
Online:2026-09-14
摘要:
为了解浙江省不同地区草莓的农药残留状况及膳食暴露风险,本研究采集杭州、湖州、嘉兴、金华、绍兴、台州、温州、衢州、宁波9个地区的150批草莓样本,检测了78种农药残留。结果显示,82.0%的样本检出了农药残留,其中腐霉利(45.3%)和啶酰菌胺(40.0%)检出率最高。检出2种及以上农药的样本占比为58.67%;共检出30种农药,其中16种农药未在草莓上登记。检出农药的长期膳食摄入风险(cRQ)和短期膳食摄入风险(aRQ)分别为0.000 4%~0.730 0%和0.025%~18.600%;危险指数(HI)法评估显示,长期累积风险(杀虫剂HI 0.03%~0.90%,杀菌剂HI 0.30%~1.80%)和短期累积风险(杀虫剂HI 0.40%~9.60%,杀菌剂HI 1.00%~19.90%)均远小于100%。综上,浙江省草莓存在农药多残留现象,但膳食暴露风险处于安全范围内,消费者健康风险处于可接受水平。
中图分类号:
林梦佳, 赵梦冉, 林凯旋, 林德民, 谢凯, 张宜明. 浙江省草莓农药多残留联合风险评估[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2026, 38(8): 1695-1705.
LIN Mengjia, ZHAO Mengran, LIN Kaixuan, LIN Demin, XIE Kai, ZHANG Yiming. Combined risk assessment of multi-pesticide residues in strawberries from Zhejiang Province, China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(8): 1695-1705.
| 农药 Pesticide | 毒性 Toxicity | 国内登记情况 Registration status in China | 最大残留限量/ (mg·kg-1) MRLs/ (mg·kg-1) | 残留水平/ (mg·kg-1) Residue level/ (mg·kg-1) | 平均值/ (mg·kg-1) Mean/ (mg·kg-1) | 检出率/% Detection rate/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 腐霉利Procymidone | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | ≤10 | ND~2.650 | 0.131 | 45.3 |
| 啶酰菌胺Boscalid | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | ≤3 | ND~1.200 | 0.105 | 40.0 |
| 吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | ≤2 | ND~0.650 | 0.037 | 26.0 |
| 嘧霉胺Pyrimethanil | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | ≤10 | ND~0.980 | 0.057 | 18.7 |
| 异菌脲Iprodione | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | / | ND~0.730 | 0.046 | 15.3 |
| 腈菌唑Myclobutanil | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | ≤1 | ND~0.870 | 0.026 | 11.3 |
| 咯菌腈Fludioxonil | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | ≤3 | ND~0.080 | 0.013 | 10.0 |
| 苯醚甲环唑Difenoconazole | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | ≤3 | ND~0.190 | 0.015 | 8.0 |
| 乙基多杀菌素Spinetoram | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | ≤0.15 | ND~0.022 | 0.010 | 5.3 |
| 百菌清Chlorothalonil | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | ≤5 | ND~0.460 | 0.003 | 4.0 |
| 醚菌酯Kresoxim-Methyl | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | ≤2 | ND~0.970 | 0.019 | 2.7 |
| 多菌灵Carbendazim | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | ≤0.5 | ND~0.057 | 0.010 | 2.0 |
| 噁霜灵Oxadixyl | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | / | ND~0.510 | 0.014 | 2.0 |
| 嘧菌酯Azoxystrobin | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | ≤10 | ND~0.190 | 0.012 | 2.0 |
| 戊唑醇Tebuconazole | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | ≤2 | ND~0.700 | 0.016 | 2.0 |
| 甲基硫菌灵Thiophanate-methyl | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | / | ND~0.043 | 0.010 | 1.3 |
| 甲霜灵Metalaxyl | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | / | ND~0.047 | 0.010 | 1.3 |
| 咪鲜胺Prochloraz | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | / | ND~0.170 | 0.011 | 0.7 |
| 三唑酮Triadimefon | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | ≤0.7 | ND~0.042 | 0.010 | 0.7 |
| 烯酰吗啉Dimethomorph | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | ≤0.05 | ND~0.021 | 0.010 | 0.7 |
| 啶虫脒Acetamiprid | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | ≤2 | ND~0.340 | 0.020 | 10.7 |
| 噻虫嗪Thiamethoxam | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | ≤0.5 | ND~0.370 | 0.013 | 4.0 |
| 阿维菌素Abamectin | 中等毒Moderate toxicity | 是Yes | ≤0.02 | ND~0.014 | 0.010 | 1.3 |
| 吡虫啉Imidacloprid | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | ≤0.5 | ND~0.440 | 0.013 | 1.3 |
| 联苯菊酯Bifenthrin | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | ≤1 | ND~0.055 | 0.010 | 1.3 |
| 氯虫苯甲酰胺Chlorantraniliprole | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | ≤1 | ND~0.062 | 0.010 | 1.3 |
| 霜霉威Propamocarb | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | / | ND~0.430 | 0.013 | 1.3 |
| 螺螨酯Spirodiclofen | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | / | ND~0.710 | 0.019 | 3.3 |
| 虫螨腈Chlorfenapyr | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | ≤0.5 | ND~0.110 | 0.100 | 1.3 |
| 多效唑Paclobutrazol | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | / | ND~0.048 | 0.011 | 5.3 |
表1 浙江省草莓30种农药残留情况
Table 1 Analysis of 30 pesticide residues in strawberries from Zhejiang Province
| 农药 Pesticide | 毒性 Toxicity | 国内登记情况 Registration status in China | 最大残留限量/ (mg·kg-1) MRLs/ (mg·kg-1) | 残留水平/ (mg·kg-1) Residue level/ (mg·kg-1) | 平均值/ (mg·kg-1) Mean/ (mg·kg-1) | 检出率/% Detection rate/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 腐霉利Procymidone | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | ≤10 | ND~2.650 | 0.131 | 45.3 |
| 啶酰菌胺Boscalid | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | ≤3 | ND~1.200 | 0.105 | 40.0 |
| 吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | ≤2 | ND~0.650 | 0.037 | 26.0 |
| 嘧霉胺Pyrimethanil | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | ≤10 | ND~0.980 | 0.057 | 18.7 |
| 异菌脲Iprodione | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | / | ND~0.730 | 0.046 | 15.3 |
| 腈菌唑Myclobutanil | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | ≤1 | ND~0.870 | 0.026 | 11.3 |
| 咯菌腈Fludioxonil | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | ≤3 | ND~0.080 | 0.013 | 10.0 |
| 苯醚甲环唑Difenoconazole | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | ≤3 | ND~0.190 | 0.015 | 8.0 |
| 乙基多杀菌素Spinetoram | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | ≤0.15 | ND~0.022 | 0.010 | 5.3 |
| 百菌清Chlorothalonil | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | ≤5 | ND~0.460 | 0.003 | 4.0 |
| 醚菌酯Kresoxim-Methyl | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | ≤2 | ND~0.970 | 0.019 | 2.7 |
| 多菌灵Carbendazim | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | ≤0.5 | ND~0.057 | 0.010 | 2.0 |
| 噁霜灵Oxadixyl | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | / | ND~0.510 | 0.014 | 2.0 |
| 嘧菌酯Azoxystrobin | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | ≤10 | ND~0.190 | 0.012 | 2.0 |
| 戊唑醇Tebuconazole | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | ≤2 | ND~0.700 | 0.016 | 2.0 |
| 甲基硫菌灵Thiophanate-methyl | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | / | ND~0.043 | 0.010 | 1.3 |
| 甲霜灵Metalaxyl | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | / | ND~0.047 | 0.010 | 1.3 |
| 咪鲜胺Prochloraz | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | / | ND~0.170 | 0.011 | 0.7 |
| 三唑酮Triadimefon | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | ≤0.7 | ND~0.042 | 0.010 | 0.7 |
| 烯酰吗啉Dimethomorph | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | ≤0.05 | ND~0.021 | 0.010 | 0.7 |
| 啶虫脒Acetamiprid | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | ≤2 | ND~0.340 | 0.020 | 10.7 |
| 噻虫嗪Thiamethoxam | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | ≤0.5 | ND~0.370 | 0.013 | 4.0 |
| 阿维菌素Abamectin | 中等毒Moderate toxicity | 是Yes | ≤0.02 | ND~0.014 | 0.010 | 1.3 |
| 吡虫啉Imidacloprid | 低毒Low toxicity | 是Yes | ≤0.5 | ND~0.440 | 0.013 | 1.3 |
| 联苯菊酯Bifenthrin | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | ≤1 | ND~0.055 | 0.010 | 1.3 |
| 氯虫苯甲酰胺Chlorantraniliprole | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | ≤1 | ND~0.062 | 0.010 | 1.3 |
| 霜霉威Propamocarb | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | / | ND~0.430 | 0.013 | 1.3 |
| 螺螨酯Spirodiclofen | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | / | ND~0.710 | 0.019 | 3.3 |
| 虫螨腈Chlorfenapyr | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | ≤0.5 | ND~0.110 | 0.100 | 1.3 |
| 多效唑Paclobutrazol | 低毒Low toxicity | 否No | / | ND~0.048 | 0.011 | 5.3 |
| 农药Pesticide | P99.5 | CAC | EU | 日本Japan | eMRLs | RMRLs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 异菌脲Iprodione | 0.730 | 10 | 0.01* | 10 | 8.55 | 8.5 |
| 噁霜灵Oxadixyl | 0.510 | / | 0.6 | 7 | 1.42 | 1.5 |
| 甲基硫菌灵Thiophanate-methyl | 0.043 | / | 0.1* | 3 | 12.82 | 12.5 |
| 甲霜灵Metalaxyl | 0.047 | / | / | / | 11.40 | 11.5 |
| 咪鲜胺Prochloraz | 0.170 | / | 0.03* | / | 1.42 | 1.5 |
| 霜霉威Propamocarb | 0.430 | / | 0.7 | 0.5 | 56.99 | 56.5 |
| 螺螨酯Spirodiclofen | 0.710 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.42 | 1.5 |
| 多效唑Paclobutrazol | 0.048 | / | 0.01* | 0.5 | 14.25 | 14.0 |
表2 草莓中8种农药的最大残留限量估计值和推荐值 单位:mg·kg-1
Table 2 Estimated and recommended maximum residue limits of 8 pesticides in strawberries Unit: mg·kg-1
| 农药Pesticide | P99.5 | CAC | EU | 日本Japan | eMRLs | RMRLs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 异菌脲Iprodione | 0.730 | 10 | 0.01* | 10 | 8.55 | 8.5 |
| 噁霜灵Oxadixyl | 0.510 | / | 0.6 | 7 | 1.42 | 1.5 |
| 甲基硫菌灵Thiophanate-methyl | 0.043 | / | 0.1* | 3 | 12.82 | 12.5 |
| 甲霜灵Metalaxyl | 0.047 | / | / | / | 11.40 | 11.5 |
| 咪鲜胺Prochloraz | 0.170 | / | 0.03* | / | 1.42 | 1.5 |
| 霜霉威Propamocarb | 0.430 | / | 0.7 | 0.5 | 56.99 | 56.5 |
| 螺螨酯Spirodiclofen | 0.710 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1.42 | 1.5 |
| 多效唑Paclobutrazol | 0.048 | / | 0.01* | 0.5 | 14.25 | 14.0 |
| 城市 City | 腐霉利 Procymidone | 啶酰菌胺 Boscalid | 吡唑醚菌酯 Pyraclostrobin | 嘧霉胺 Pyrimethanil | 异菌脲 Iprodione | 腈菌唑 Myclobutanil |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 衢州 Quzhou(n=15) | 0.010 B (0.010, 0.067) | 0.040 A (0.010, 0.310) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.064) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 AB (0.010, 0.010) |
| 嘉兴 Jiaxing(n=15) | 0.017 B (0.010,0.340) | 0.024 AB (0.010, 0.370) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.063) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.290) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 B (0.010, 0.010) |
| 宁波 Ningbo(n=25) | 0.010 B (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 B (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 AB (0.010, 0.010) |
| 温州 Wenzhou(n=15) | 0.010 B (0.010, 0.024) | 0.010 AB (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.028) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 AB (0.010, 0.013) |
| 台州 Taizhou(n=15) | 0.010 B (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 AB (0.010, 0.081) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.011) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 B (0.010, 0.010) |
| 杭州 Hangzhou(n=22) | 0.190 A (0.123, 0.300) | 0.046 A (0.010, 0.218) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.033) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.332) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.034) |
| 湖州 Huzhou(n=15) | 0.010 B (0.010, 0.046) | 0.010 AB (0.010, 0.100) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 AB (0.010, 0.010) |
| 绍兴 Shaoxing(n=13) | 0.010 B (0.010, 0.098) | 0.015 AB (0.010, 0.075) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.024) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.195) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 AB (0.010, 0.010) |
| 金华 Jinhua(n=15) | 0.021 AB (0.010, 0.190) | 0.010 AB (0.010, 0.100) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.016) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.042) | 0.010 AB (0.010, 0.010) |
| H值H value | 45.226 | 26.964 | 7.041 | 8.063 | 9.322 | 24.845 |
| p值p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.532 | 0.427 | 0.316 | <0.01 |
表3 浙江省9个城市的6种杀菌剂残留情况 单位:mg·kg-1
Table 3 Residue levels of 6 fungicides in 9 cities in Zhejiang Province Unit: mg·kg-1
| 城市 City | 腐霉利 Procymidone | 啶酰菌胺 Boscalid | 吡唑醚菌酯 Pyraclostrobin | 嘧霉胺 Pyrimethanil | 异菌脲 Iprodione | 腈菌唑 Myclobutanil |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 衢州 Quzhou(n=15) | 0.010 B (0.010, 0.067) | 0.040 A (0.010, 0.310) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.064) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 AB (0.010, 0.010) |
| 嘉兴 Jiaxing(n=15) | 0.017 B (0.010,0.340) | 0.024 AB (0.010, 0.370) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.063) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.290) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 B (0.010, 0.010) |
| 宁波 Ningbo(n=25) | 0.010 B (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 B (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 AB (0.010, 0.010) |
| 温州 Wenzhou(n=15) | 0.010 B (0.010, 0.024) | 0.010 AB (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.028) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 AB (0.010, 0.013) |
| 台州 Taizhou(n=15) | 0.010 B (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 AB (0.010, 0.081) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.011) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 B (0.010, 0.010) |
| 杭州 Hangzhou(n=22) | 0.190 A (0.123, 0.300) | 0.046 A (0.010, 0.218) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.033) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.332) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.034) |
| 湖州 Huzhou(n=15) | 0.010 B (0.010, 0.046) | 0.010 AB (0.010, 0.100) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 AB (0.010, 0.010) |
| 绍兴 Shaoxing(n=13) | 0.010 B (0.010, 0.098) | 0.015 AB (0.010, 0.075) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.024) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.195) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 AB (0.010, 0.010) |
| 金华 Jinhua(n=15) | 0.021 AB (0.010, 0.190) | 0.010 AB (0.010, 0.100) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.016) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.010) | 0.010 A (0.010, 0.042) | 0.010 AB (0.010, 0.010) |
| H值H value | 45.226 | 26.964 | 7.041 | 8.063 | 9.322 | 24.845 |
| p值p value | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.532 | 0.427 | 0.316 | <0.01 |
| 农药 Pesticide | 长期风险评估 Chronic risk assessment | 短期风险评估 Acute risk assessment | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADI/ (mg·kg-1) | STMR/ (mg·kg-1) | cRQ/ % | HR/ (mg·kg-1) | ARfD/ (mg·kg-1) | NESTI/ (mg·kg-1) | aRQ/ % | ||
| 腐霉利Procymidone | 0.10 | 0.131 | 0.090 0 | 2.650 | 0.1 | 0.019 0 | 18.600 | |
| 啶酰菌胺Boscalid | 0.04 | 0.105 | 0.190 0 | 1.200 | Unnecessary | 0.008 0 | — | |
| 吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin | 0.03 | 0.037 | 0.090 0 | 0.650 | 0.7 | 0.005 0 | 0.652 | |
| 嘧霉胺Pyrimethanil | 0.20 | 0.057 | 0.020 0 | 0.980 | Unnecessary | 0.007 0 | — | |
| 异菌脲Iprodione | 0.06 | 0.046 | 0.060 0 | 0.731 | 0.6 | 0.005 0 | 0.855 | |
| 腈菌唑Myclobutanil | 0.03 | 0.026 | 0.060 0 | 0.870 | 0.3 | 0.006 0 | 2.035 | |
| 咯菌腈Fludioxonil | 0.40 | 0.013 | 0.002 0 | 0.080 | Unnecessary | 0.001 0 | — | |
| 苯醚甲环唑Difenoconazole | 0.01 | 0.015 | 0.110 0 | 0.190 | 0.3 | 0.001 0 | 0.445 | |
| 乙基多杀菌素Spinetoram | 0.05 | 0.010 | 0.010 0 | 0.022 | Unnecessary | 0.000 2 | — | |
| 百菌清Chlorothalonil | 0.02 | 0.003 | 0.010 0 | 0.460 | 0.6 | 0.003 0 | 0.538 | |
| 醚菌酯Kresoxim-methyl | 0.40 | 0.019 | 0.003 0 | 0.190 | Unnecessary | 0.001 0 | — | |
| 多菌灵Carbendazim | 0.03 | 0.010 | 0.030 0 | 0.057 | Withdrawn | 0.000 4 | — | |
| 噁霜灵Oxadixyl | 0.01 | 0.014 | 0.100 0 | 0.510 | — | 0.004 0 | — | |
| 嘧菌酯Azoxystrobin | 0.20 | 0.012 | 0.004 0 | 0.190 | Unnecessary | 0.001 0 | — | |
| 戊唑醇Tebuconazole | 0.03 | 0.016 | 0.040 0 | 0.700 | 0.3 | 0.005 0 | 1.638 | |
| 甲基硫菌灵Thiophanate-methyl | 0.09 | 0.010 | 0.010 0 | 0.043 | 1 | 0.000 3 | 0.030 | |
| 甲霜灵Metalaxyl | 0.08 | 0.010 | 0.010 0 | 0.047 | 0.5 | 0.000 3 | 0.066 | |
| 咪鲜胺Prochloraz | 0.01 | 0.011 | 0.080 0 | 0.170 | 0.2 | 0.001 0 | 0.597 | |
| 三唑酮Triadimefon | 0.03 | 0.010 | 0.020 0 | 0.042 | 0.08 | 0.000 3 | 0.368 | |
| 烯酰吗啉Dimethomorph | 0.20 | 0.010 | 0.004 0 | 0.021 | 0.6 | 0.000 1 | 0.025 | |
| 啶虫脒Acetamiprid | 0.07 | 0.020 | 0.020 0 | 0.340 | 0.1 | 0.002 0 | 2.386 | |
| 噻虫嗪Thiamethoxam | 0.08 | 0.013 | 0.010 0 | 0.370 | 1 | 0.003 0 | 0.260 | |
| 阿维菌素Abamectin | 0.001 | 0.010 | 0.730 0 | 0.014 | 0.003 | 0.000 1 | 3.275 | |
| 吡虫啉Imidacloprid | 0.06 | 0.013 | 0.020 0 | 0.440 | 0.4 | 0.003 0 | 0.772 | |
| 联苯菊酯Bifenthrin | 0.01 | 0.010 | 0.080 0 | 0.055 | 0.01 | 0.000 4 | 3.860 | |
| 氯虫苯甲酰胺Chlorantraniliprole | 2.00 | 0.010 | 0.000 4 | 0.062 | Unnecessary | 0.000 4 | — | |
| 霜霉威Propamocarb | 0.40 | 0.013 | 0.002 0 | 0.430 | 2 | 0.003 0 | 0.151 | |
| 螺螨酯Spirodiclofen | 0.01 | 0.019 | 0.140 0 | 0.710 | Unnecessary | 0.005 0 | — | |
| 虫螨腈Chlorfenapyr | 0.03 | 0.100 | 0.240 0 | 0.110 | 0.03 | 0.001 0 | 2.574 | |
| 多效唑Paclobutrazol | 0.10 | 0.011 | 0.010 0 | 0.048 | — | 0.0003 | — | |
表4 浙江省草莓农药残留膳食摄入风险评估
Table 4 Dietary intake risk assessment of pesticide residues in Zhejiang strawberries
| 农药 Pesticide | 长期风险评估 Chronic risk assessment | 短期风险评估 Acute risk assessment | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ADI/ (mg·kg-1) | STMR/ (mg·kg-1) | cRQ/ % | HR/ (mg·kg-1) | ARfD/ (mg·kg-1) | NESTI/ (mg·kg-1) | aRQ/ % | ||
| 腐霉利Procymidone | 0.10 | 0.131 | 0.090 0 | 2.650 | 0.1 | 0.019 0 | 18.600 | |
| 啶酰菌胺Boscalid | 0.04 | 0.105 | 0.190 0 | 1.200 | Unnecessary | 0.008 0 | — | |
| 吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin | 0.03 | 0.037 | 0.090 0 | 0.650 | 0.7 | 0.005 0 | 0.652 | |
| 嘧霉胺Pyrimethanil | 0.20 | 0.057 | 0.020 0 | 0.980 | Unnecessary | 0.007 0 | — | |
| 异菌脲Iprodione | 0.06 | 0.046 | 0.060 0 | 0.731 | 0.6 | 0.005 0 | 0.855 | |
| 腈菌唑Myclobutanil | 0.03 | 0.026 | 0.060 0 | 0.870 | 0.3 | 0.006 0 | 2.035 | |
| 咯菌腈Fludioxonil | 0.40 | 0.013 | 0.002 0 | 0.080 | Unnecessary | 0.001 0 | — | |
| 苯醚甲环唑Difenoconazole | 0.01 | 0.015 | 0.110 0 | 0.190 | 0.3 | 0.001 0 | 0.445 | |
| 乙基多杀菌素Spinetoram | 0.05 | 0.010 | 0.010 0 | 0.022 | Unnecessary | 0.000 2 | — | |
| 百菌清Chlorothalonil | 0.02 | 0.003 | 0.010 0 | 0.460 | 0.6 | 0.003 0 | 0.538 | |
| 醚菌酯Kresoxim-methyl | 0.40 | 0.019 | 0.003 0 | 0.190 | Unnecessary | 0.001 0 | — | |
| 多菌灵Carbendazim | 0.03 | 0.010 | 0.030 0 | 0.057 | Withdrawn | 0.000 4 | — | |
| 噁霜灵Oxadixyl | 0.01 | 0.014 | 0.100 0 | 0.510 | — | 0.004 0 | — | |
| 嘧菌酯Azoxystrobin | 0.20 | 0.012 | 0.004 0 | 0.190 | Unnecessary | 0.001 0 | — | |
| 戊唑醇Tebuconazole | 0.03 | 0.016 | 0.040 0 | 0.700 | 0.3 | 0.005 0 | 1.638 | |
| 甲基硫菌灵Thiophanate-methyl | 0.09 | 0.010 | 0.010 0 | 0.043 | 1 | 0.000 3 | 0.030 | |
| 甲霜灵Metalaxyl | 0.08 | 0.010 | 0.010 0 | 0.047 | 0.5 | 0.000 3 | 0.066 | |
| 咪鲜胺Prochloraz | 0.01 | 0.011 | 0.080 0 | 0.170 | 0.2 | 0.001 0 | 0.597 | |
| 三唑酮Triadimefon | 0.03 | 0.010 | 0.020 0 | 0.042 | 0.08 | 0.000 3 | 0.368 | |
| 烯酰吗啉Dimethomorph | 0.20 | 0.010 | 0.004 0 | 0.021 | 0.6 | 0.000 1 | 0.025 | |
| 啶虫脒Acetamiprid | 0.07 | 0.020 | 0.020 0 | 0.340 | 0.1 | 0.002 0 | 2.386 | |
| 噻虫嗪Thiamethoxam | 0.08 | 0.013 | 0.010 0 | 0.370 | 1 | 0.003 0 | 0.260 | |
| 阿维菌素Abamectin | 0.001 | 0.010 | 0.730 0 | 0.014 | 0.003 | 0.000 1 | 3.275 | |
| 吡虫啉Imidacloprid | 0.06 | 0.013 | 0.020 0 | 0.440 | 0.4 | 0.003 0 | 0.772 | |
| 联苯菊酯Bifenthrin | 0.01 | 0.010 | 0.080 0 | 0.055 | 0.01 | 0.000 4 | 3.860 | |
| 氯虫苯甲酰胺Chlorantraniliprole | 2.00 | 0.010 | 0.000 4 | 0.062 | Unnecessary | 0.000 4 | — | |
| 霜霉威Propamocarb | 0.40 | 0.013 | 0.002 0 | 0.430 | 2 | 0.003 0 | 0.151 | |
| 螺螨酯Spirodiclofen | 0.01 | 0.019 | 0.140 0 | 0.710 | Unnecessary | 0.005 0 | — | |
| 虫螨腈Chlorfenapyr | 0.03 | 0.100 | 0.240 0 | 0.110 | 0.03 | 0.001 0 | 2.574 | |
| 多效唑Paclobutrazol | 0.10 | 0.011 | 0.010 0 | 0.048 | — | 0.0003 | — | |
图3 不同城市检出农药的长期累积风险指数(A)和短期累积风险指数(B)
Fig.3 Chronic cumulative risk index (A) and acute cumulative risk index (B) of detected pesticides in different cities
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