湖南省油菜主产区土壤养分含量与重金属污染风险评价

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.10.14

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (10): 1904-1912.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.10.14

湖南省油菜主产区土壤养分含量与重金属污染风险评价

熊廷浩¹(), 黄益国², 周旋³, 鲁艳红³, 资涛¹, 胡宇倩¹, 宋海星¹^,^*()

1.湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙 410128
2.衡阳市农业科学研究所,湖南衡南 421101
3.湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙 410125

收稿日期:2020-12-25 出版日期:2021-10-25 发布日期:2021-11-02
作者简介:*宋海星,E-mail: shx723@163.com
熊廷浩(1994—),男,湖北荆州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为土壤肥力与作物施肥技术。E-mail: 1092711822@qq.com
通讯作者: 宋海星
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200900)

Evaluation on soil nutrients and heavy metals pollution risk in main producing areas of rapeseed in Hunan Province, China

XIONG Tinghao¹(), HUANG Yiguo², ZHOU Xuan³, LU Yanhong³, ZI Tao¹, HU Yuqian¹, SONG Haixing¹^,^*()

1. College of Resources & Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
2. Hengyang Agricultural Science Institute, Hengnan 421101, China
3. Soil and Fertilizer Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha 410125, China

Received:2020-12-25 Online:2021-10-25 Published:2021-11-02
Contact: SONG Haixing

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在湖南省油菜主产区采集56个耕层土壤样品,测定土壤主要养分与有效态重金属含量,研究土壤肥力现状及其空间分布特征,并对土壤重金属污染风险进行综合评价。结果表明,湖南油菜主产区土壤pH呈弱酸性和微酸性,普遍缺乏有机质和氮、磷、钾、硼、硫、钼,还有约一半的土壤缺少钙和镁,而铁、锰、铜、锌元素丰富,土壤综合肥力等级评价结果为一般。镉轻度、中度和重度污染的样品分别占16.1%、1.8%和1.8%,但未发现铜、锌、铅、镍污染样本。据此认为,湖南省油菜生产中应合理补充有机质和氮、磷、钾、硼等元素,同时,部分地区还需采取降低镉有效性的改土措施。

关键词: 油菜主产区, 土壤养分, 肥力评价, 重金属

Abstract:

In this study, 56 topsoil samples were collected from the main producing areas of rapeseed in Hunan Province, and the contents of main nutrients and available heavy metals in these samples were determined to reveal the spatial distribution characteristics of soil fertility, as well as heavy metals pollution risk. The results showed that the soils in the main producing areas of rapeseed in Hunan Province were mainly mild acid and weak acid, and the deficiency of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron, sulfur and molybdenum was common. About half of the soil samples were deficient in calcium and magnesium, yet were rich in iron, manganese, copper and zinc. The soil comprehensive fertility was rated average. Among all the samples, the lightly, moderately and seriously cadmium polluted samples accounted for 16.1%, 1.8% and 1.8%, respectively, and no pollution risk of copper, zinc, lead and nickel was found. Therefore, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron should be reasonably supplemented in the main producing areas of rapeseed in Hunan Province, and measures should be taken to reduce the availability of cadmium in certain areas.

Key words: main producing areas of rapeseed, soil nutrients, fertility evaluation, heavy metal

中图分类号:

S158

熊廷浩, 黄益国, 周旋, 鲁艳红, 资涛, 胡宇倩, 宋海星. 湖南省油菜主产区土壤养分含量与重金属污染风险评价[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(10): 1904-1912.

XIONG Tinghao, HUANG Yiguo, ZHOU Xuan, LU Yanhong, ZI Tao, HU Yuqian, SONG Haixing. Evaluation on soil nutrients and heavy metals pollution risk in main producing areas of rapeseed in Hunan Province, China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(10): 1904-1912.

图/表 6

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项目Item	缺乏Deficient	中等Mid range	丰富 Rich
有机质 Organic matter/(g·kg^-1)	<20	20~40	>40
全氮 Total N/(g·kg^-1)	<1.0	1.0~2.0	>2.0
有效磷 Available P/(mg·kg^-1)	<12	12~30	>30
速效钾 Available K/(mg·kg^-1)	<60	60~180	>180
有效硼 Available B/(mg·kg^-1)	<0.2	0.2~0.6	>0.6
交换性钙 Available Ca/(mg·kg^-1)	<400	400~1 200	>1 200
交换性镁 Available Mg/(mg·kg^-1)	<50	50~100	>100
有效硫 Available S/(mg·kg^-1)	<25	25~50	>50
有效铁 Available Fe/(mg·kg^-1)	<10	10~50	>50
有效锰 Available Mn/(mg·kg^-1)	<5	5~15	>15
有效铜 Available Cu/(mg·kg^-1)	<0.2	0.2~2.0	>2.0
有效锌 Available Zn/(mg·kg^-1)	<0.5	0.5~1.0	>1.0
有效钼 Available Mo/(mg·kg^-1)	<0.15	0.15~0.20	>0.20

项目Item	缺乏Deficient	中等Mid range	丰富 Rich
有机质 Organic matter/(g·kg^-1)	<20	20~40	>40
全氮 Total N/(g·kg^-1)	<1.0	1.0~2.0	>2.0
有效磷 Available P/(mg·kg^-1)	<12	12~30	>30
速效钾 Available K/(mg·kg^-1)	<60	60~180	>180
有效硼 Available B/(mg·kg^-1)	<0.2	0.2~0.6	>0.6
交换性钙 Available Ca/(mg·kg^-1)	<400	400~1 200	>1 200
交换性镁 Available Mg/(mg·kg^-1)	<50	50~100	>100
有效硫 Available S/(mg·kg^-1)	<25	25~50	>50
有效铁 Available Fe/(mg·kg^-1)	<10	10~50	>50
有效锰 Available Mn/(mg·kg^-1)	<5	5~15	>15
有效铜 Available Cu/(mg·kg^-1)	<0.2	0.2~2.0	>2.0
有效锌 Available Zn/(mg·kg^-1)	<0.5	0.5~1.0	>1.0
有效钼 Available Mo/(mg·kg^-1)	<0.15	0.15~0.20	>0.20

项目 Item	pH值≤5.5 pH value≤5.5	5.5<pH值≤6.5 5.5<pH value≤6.5	6.5<pH值≤7.5 6.5<pH value≤7.5	pH值>7.5 pH value>7.5
Cu	50	50	100	100
Zn	200	200	250	300
Cd	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.6
Pb	70	90	120	170
Ni	60	70	100	190

项目 Item	pH值≤5.5 pH value≤5.5	5.5<pH值≤6.5 5.5<pH value≤6.5	6.5<pH值≤7.5 6.5<pH value≤7.5	pH值>7.5 pH value>7.5
Cu	50	50	100	100
Zn	200	200	250	300
Cd	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.6
Pb	70	90	120	170
Ni	60	70	100	190

项目 Item	平均值 Mean	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	级别 Level	肥力系数 Fertility coefficient
pH值 pH value	5.7	1.1	19.9	4.3	8.0	微酸性Mild acid	1.6
有机质Organic matter/(g·kg^-1)	29.0	10.0	35.0	11.0	57.0	中等Mid range	1.9
全氮Total N/(g·kg^-1)	1.7	0.5	29.5	0.8	2.8	中等Mid range	2.4
有效磷Available P/(mg·kg^-1)	23.2	21.0	90.6	2.9	126.3	中等Mid range	2.2
速效钾Available K/(mg·kg^-1)	103.4	40.1	38.8	42.0	212.0	中等Mid range	1.7
有效硼Available B/(mg·kg^-1)	0.4	0.1	93.7	0.2	1.0	中等Mid range	2.0
交换性钙Available Ca/(mg·kg^-1)	1 994	1 868	62.6	145.4	6 410	丰富Rich	3.0
交换性镁Available Mg/(mg·kg^-1)	148.2	92.9	51.3	25.9	418.3	丰富Rich	3.0
有效硫Available S/(mg·kg^-1)	22.1	11.3	34.4	5.0	59.6	缺乏Deficient	1.0
有效铁Available Fe/(mg·kg^-1)	191.5	133.1	69.5	8.7	435.5	丰富Rich	3.0
有效锰Available Mn/(mg·kg^-1)	66.2	48.7	73.6	9.3	264.3	丰富Rich	3.0
有效铜Available Cu/(mg·kg^-1)	4.5	1.5	34.3	0.9	9.0	丰富Rich	3.0
有效锌Available Zn/(mg·kg^-1)	5.1	3.2	63.8	0.7	17.1	丰富Rich	3.0
有效钼Available Mo/(mg·kg^-1)	0.2	0.1	61.5	0	0.5	中等Mid range	3.0

湖南省油菜主产区土壤养分含量与重金属污染风险评价

Evaluation on soil nutrients and heavy metals pollution risk in main producing areas of rapeseed in Hunan Province, China

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项目 Item	pH值≤5.5 pH value≤5.5	5.5<pH值≤6.5 5.5<pH value≤6.5	6.5<pH值≤7.5 6.5<pH value≤7.5	pH值>7.5 pH value>7.5
Cu	50	50	100	100
Zn	200	200	250	300
Cd	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.6
Pb	70	90	120	170
Ni	60	70	100	190

项目 Item	pH值≤5.5 pH value≤5.5	5.5<pH值≤6.5 5.5<pH value≤6.5	6.5<pH值≤7.5 6.5<pH value≤7.5	pH值>7.5 pH value>7.5
Cu	50	50	100	100
Zn	200	200	250	300
Cd	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.6
Pb	70	90	120	170
Ni	60	70	100	190

项目 Item	样本数量分布Sample quantity distribution				P_i
项目 Item	P_i≤1	1<P_i≤2	2<P_i≤3	P_i>3	平均值 Mean	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%
Cd	45	9	1	1	0.75	87.4
Cu	56	0	0	0	0.08	39.7
Zn	56	0	0	0	0.02	64.3
Pb	56	0	0	0	0.10	65.8
Ni	56	0	0	0	0.01	64.6

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项目 Item	pH值≤5.5 pH value≤5.5	5.5<pH值≤6.5 5.5<pH value≤6.5	6.5<pH值≤7.5 6.5<pH value≤7.5	pH值>7.5 pH value>7.5
Cu	50	50	100	100
Zn	200	200	250	300
Cd	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.6
Pb	70	90	120	170
Ni	60	70	100	190

项目 Item	pH值≤5.5 pH value≤5.5	5.5<pH值≤6.5 5.5<pH value≤6.5	6.5<pH值≤7.5 6.5<pH value≤7.5	pH值>7.5 pH value>7.5
Cu	50	50	100	100
Zn	200	200	250	300
Cd	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.6
Pb	70	90	120	170
Ni	60	70	100	190

项目 Item	pH值≤5.5 pH value≤5.5	5.5<pH值≤6.5 5.5<pH value≤6.5	6.5<pH值≤7.5 6.5<pH value≤7.5	pH值>7.5 pH value>7.5
Cu	50	50	100	100
Zn	200	200	250	300
Cd	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.6
Pb	70	90	120	170
Ni	60	70	100	190

项目 Item	pH值≤5.5 pH value≤5.5	5.5<pH值≤6.5 5.5<pH value≤6.5	6.5<pH值≤7.5 6.5<pH value≤7.5	pH值>7.5 pH value>7.5
Cu	50	50	100	100
Zn	200	200	250	300
Cd	0.3	0.3	0.3	0.6
Pb	70	90	120	170
Ni	60	70	100	190