浅埋滴灌水肥优化高产模式下春玉米产量与根冠特征差异性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.01.01

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 1-9.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.01.01

浅埋滴灌水肥优化高产模式下春玉米产量与根冠特征差异性

高鑫(), 杨恒山^*(), 张瑞富, 张玉芹, 李锐, 张明伟

内蒙古民族大学农学院/内蒙古自治区饲用作物工程中心,内蒙古通辽 028000

收稿日期:2021-04-22 出版日期:2022-01-25 发布日期:2022-02-05
作者简介:* 杨恒山,E-mail: yanghengshan2003@aliyun.com
高鑫(1985—),男,黑龙江鹤岗人,博士,讲师,主要从事作物高产栽培与资源高效利用研究。E-mail: gxrty2009@126.com
通讯作者: 杨恒山
基金资助:
内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2020LH03007);国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0300401);内蒙古民族大学博士科研启动基金(KYQD19041);内蒙古自治区“科技兴蒙”行动重点专项(KJXM2020001-05)

Difference analysis on seed yield and root cap characteristics for spring maize under water fertilizer and high yield optimization of shallow burying drip irrigation

GAO Xin(), YANG Hengshan^*(), ZHANG Ruifu, ZHANG Yuqin, LI Rui, ZHANG Mingwei

Agricultural College/Forage Crops Engineering Research Center of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, Inner Mongolia,China

Received:2021-04-22 Online:2022-01-25 Published:2022-02-05
Contact: YANG Hengshan

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究浅埋滴灌水肥优化高产栽培模式对玉米产量和根冠特征的影响差异,选用2个玉米品种先玉1483和迪卡159,设置2种栽培模式:浅埋滴灌水肥优化高产模式(HY)和农户生产模式(CK),对比分析了产量性状、根冠干物质量与形态特征变化。结果表明:与CK相比,HY通过增大种植密度增加了单位面积上的穗数和穗粒数,使产量和氮肥偏生产力显著提高;促进了吐丝期至成熟期阶段的干物质积累,增大了单株叶面积与群体叶面积指数,维持了较高的叶片活性;显著降低了0~20 cm土层根系干物质量,增加了20~40 cm土层根条数,增强了根系活力。通过浅埋滴灌水肥合理调控,能够降低密植导致的不良效应,形成了良好的根冠结构,保持了个体较强的物质生产能力,从而获得较高的籽粒产量。

关键词: 玉米, 栽培模式, 浅埋滴灌, 产量, 根冠特征

Abstract:

To investigate the effect of field practice of shallow burying drip irrigation on seed yield and root cap characteristics, differences in yield characters, root and shoot dry matter quality and morphological characteristics under two cultivation modes: shallow burying drip irrigation and fertilizer optimized high yield mode (HY) and farmer production mode (CK) were studied by using two maize cultivars, Xianyu1483 and Dika159. The results showed that number of panicles and grains per unit area, yield and nitrogen fertilizer under HY mode were increased significantly compared with those under CK mode. HY practice mode also enhanced dry matter accumulation from silking to maturity stage, increased the leaf area per plant and leaf area index, kept leaf activity at a high level; In addition, dry matter mass of root system in soil depth of 0-20 cm was significantly reduced, and both the number of roots in depth of 20-40 cm and root activity improved under HY mode compared with those under CK mode. Therefore, it was concluded that HY mode weakened the adverse effects caused by dense planting, made root cap form an excellent structure and maintained a strong individual material production capacity for plants, and thereby increased seed yield.

Key words: maize, cultivation patterns, shallow drip irrigation, yield, root canopy characteristics

中图分类号:

S513

高鑫, 杨恒山, 张瑞富, 张玉芹, 李锐, 张明伟. 浅埋滴灌水肥优化高产模式下春玉米产量与根冠特征差异性[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(1): 1-9.

GAO Xin, YANG Hengshan, ZHANG Ruifu, ZHANG Yuqin, LI Rui, ZHANG Mingwei. Difference analysis on seed yield and root cap characteristics for spring maize under water fertilizer and high yield optimization of shallow burying drip irrigation[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(1): 1-9.

图/表 7

表1 产量构成因素与氮偏生产力

Table 1 Yield components and nitrogen partial productivity

处理 Treatment	产量 Yield/(kg·hm^-2)	单穗重 Weight per spike/kg	每hm²穗数 Spike number per hm²	穗粒数 Grain number	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	氮偏生产力 N-PEP/(kg·kg^-1)
HY1483	17 065.95±271.35 a	0.195±0.002 a	87 390±1 035 a	520±29 a	366.49±3.58 a	51.72±0.82 a
HY159	14 808.60±534.00 b	0.168±0.005 c	88 050±2 400 a	471±15 b	361.04±2.10 a	44.87±1.61 b
CK1483	13 720.35±426.30 c	0.187±0.012 ab	73 380±2 580b	518±30 a	362.61±3.96 a	41.58±1.29 c
CK159	12 949.05±225.75 c	0.180±0.002 bc	72 090±1 800 b	508±15 ab	360.03±5.25 a	39.24±0.68 c

图1 不同模式下各生育期玉米单株干物质量变化与成熟期干物质比 V6,拔节期;V12,大喇叭口期;R1,吐丝期;R6,完熟期。柱上无相同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。

Fig.1 Changes of dry matter weight per plant at different grow stages and dry matter ratio at maturity of maize under different modes V6,Jointing stage;V12,Bell-mouthing stage;R1,Silking stage; R6, Physiological maturity stage.Bars marked without the same lowercase letter indicated significant differences at P<0.05.The same as bellow.

图2 吐丝期不同模式玉米LAI与单株叶面积

Fig.2 LAI and leaf area per plant under different modes in silking stage of maize

图3 吐丝期不同模式下玉米叶片MDA含量与SOD活性

Fig.3 Changes of MDA content and SOD activity in leaves under different modes in silking stage of maize

图4 吐丝期不同模式下玉米根系干重与根冠比

Fig.4 Dry weight of root and root shoot ratio under different modes in silking stage of maize

图5 吐丝期不同模式下的玉米根幅与根条数

Fig.5 Root radicle and root number under different modes in silking stage of maize

图6 吐丝期不同模式下的根系活力

Fig.6 Root activity under different modes in silking stage of maize

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浅埋滴灌水肥优化高产模式下春玉米产量与根冠特征差异性

Difference analysis on seed yield and root cap characteristics for spring maize under water fertilizer and high yield optimization of shallow burying drip irrigation

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