播期和施氮量组合对水稻南粳9108产量和氮素利用的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.05.01

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 879-886.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.05.01

播期和施氮量组合对水稻南粳9108产量和氮素利用的影响

叶迎(), 赵考诚, 马军, 祝轲, 庄恒扬()

扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理国家重点实验室培育建设点,粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心,江苏扬州225009

收稿日期:2021-03-30 出版日期:2022-05-25 发布日期:2022-06-06
作者简介:* 庄恒扬,E-mail: zhy7979356@sina.com
叶迎(1996—),女,安徽宿松人,硕士研究生,研究方向为水稻高产高效养分调控。E-mail: 2512187400@qq.com
通讯作者: 庄恒扬
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31571596)

Effects of sowing date and nitrogen application rate on grain yield and nitrogen utilization of rice variety Nanjing 9108

YE Ying(), ZHAO Kaocheng, MA Jun, ZHU Ke, ZHUANG Hengyang()

Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China

Received:2021-03-30 Online:2022-05-25 Published:2022-06-06
Contact: ZHUANG Hengyang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明播期和施氮量组合对优质水稻品种南粳9108产量构成因素和氮素利用的影响,设3个播期[5月23日(B1)、6月2日(B2)、6月12日(B3)]和4个施氮量[折纯,以N计,0(N0)、180 kg·hm^-2(N1)、270 kg·hm^-2(N2)、360 kg·hm^-2(N3)]进行大田试验。结果表明:水稻的千粒重和产量随着播期推迟逐渐增加,穗数随着施氮量增加而上升。不同播期下,籽粒的氮素分配比率均在N1处理下最大。随着播期推迟,水稻的氮素偏生产力、氮素籽粒生产效率相应增加,氮素农学效率、氮素生理效率先降后升。在同一播期下,水稻的氮素偏生产力、氮素农学效率、氮素吸收效率和氮素籽粒生产效率均随着施氮量增加总体呈下降趋势。总的来看,在本试验条件下,播期推迟、适量氮肥更利于获得高产。综合考虑水稻产量和氮素利用,B2N2或B3N2处理较为适宜。

关键词: 水稻, 播期, 施氮量, 产量, 氮素利用

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of combinations of sowing date and nitrogen rate on yield components and nitrogen utilization of high-quality rice variety Nanjing 9108, three sowing dates were set as May 23^rd (B1), June 2^nd (B2), and June 12^th (B3), four nitrogen application rates were set as 0 (N0), 180 kg·hm^-2 (N1), 270 kg·hm^-2 (N2), and 360 kg·hm^-2 (N3) in the field experiment. It was shown that the 1 000-grain weight and yield of rice increased with the delay of sowing date, and the number of panicles increased with the increasing nitrogen application rate. The nitrogen distribution ratio of grains in the three sowing dates all reached the highest under N1 treatment. With the delay of the sowing date, the nitrogen partial productivity and nitrogen use efficiency in grain of rice increased, and the agronomic nitrogen use efficiency and the nitrogen physiological efficiency first decreased and then increased. Under the same sowing date, the nitrogen partial productivity, agronomic nitrogen use efficiency, nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency in grain of rice all showed a downward trend with the increasing nitrogen rate. Under the experiment condition, delaying the sowing date with appropriate nitrogen rate were conducive to obtain high yield. Considering the rice yield and nitrogen utilization, B2N2 or B3N2 treatments were suitable choices.

Key words: rice, sowing date, nitrogen application rate, yield, nitrogen utilization

中图分类号:

叶迎, 赵考诚, 马军, 祝轲, 庄恒扬. 播期和施氮量组合对水稻南粳9108产量和氮素利用的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(5): 879-886.

YE Ying, ZHAO Kaocheng, MA Jun, ZHU Ke, ZHUANG Hengyang. Effects of sowing date and nitrogen application rate on grain yield and nitrogen utilization of rice variety Nanjing 9108[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(5): 879-886.

图/表 3

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播期 Sowing date	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	穗数 Number of panicles/10⁴ hm^-2	每穗粒数 Spikelet per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield/( kg·hm^-2)
B1	N0	226.56±5.12 d	112.30±3.02 b	80.58±1.21 a	25.58±0.34 a	5 239.52±112.07 b
	N1	323.61±1.39 c	144.22±4.97 a	79.20±1.13 a	24.46±0.08 b	9 034.93±115.34 a
	N2	362.57±4.24 b	145.87±2.98 a	70.62±1.80 b	24.96±0.11 ab	9 316.82±114.34 a
	N3	389.33±5.89 a	132.26±0.82 a	70.30±0.94 b	24.67±0.11 ab	8 929.10±110.95 a
B2	N0	253.63±2.94 c	123.54±1.52 b	78.51±0.98 b	27.19±0.11 a	6 686.47±101.87 c
	N1	296.60±6.88 b	136.11±1.78 a	83.66±0.48 a	27.56±0.19 a	9 302.65±103.64 b
	N2	362.39±7.97 a	136.71±0.90 a	77.80±0.77 b	27.39±0.30 a	10 550.68±54.94 a
	N3	384.65±5.31 a	141.81±1.42 a	64.51±0.27 c	27.20±0.08 a	9 567.66±101.85 b
B3	N0	235.21±3.27 c	125.72±0.46 b	78.81±1.57 a	28.10±0.19 a	6 545.81±106.37 c
	N1	335.77±1.74 b	140.96±2.32 a	72.58±0.08 bc	28.41±0.24 a	9 755.82±119.61 b
	N2	331.32±2.85 b	141.11±2.89 a	78.53±1.40 ab	28.30±0.15 a	10 384.47±115.25 ab
	N3	385.35±1.60 a	143.43±3.29 a	67.67±0.52 c	28.35±0.03 a	10 600.21±107.08 a

播期 Sowing date	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	穗数 Number of panicles/10⁴ hm^-2	每穗粒数 Spikelet per panicle	结实率 Seed setting rate/%	千粒重 1 000-grain weight/g	产量 Yield/( kg·hm^-2)
B1	N0	226.56±5.12 d	112.30±3.02 b	80.58±1.21 a	25.58±0.34 a	5 239.52±112.07 b
	N1	323.61±1.39 c	144.22±4.97 a	79.20±1.13 a	24.46±0.08 b	9 034.93±115.34 a
	N2	362.57±4.24 b	145.87±2.98 a	70.62±1.80 b	24.96±0.11 ab	9 316.82±114.34 a
	N3	389.33±5.89 a	132.26±0.82 a	70.30±0.94 b	24.67±0.11 ab	8 929.10±110.95 a
B2	N0	253.63±2.94 c	123.54±1.52 b	78.51±0.98 b	27.19±0.11 a	6 686.47±101.87 c
	N1	296.60±6.88 b	136.11±1.78 a	83.66±0.48 a	27.56±0.19 a	9 302.65±103.64 b
	N2	362.39±7.97 a	136.71±0.90 a	77.80±0.77 b	27.39±0.30 a	10 550.68±54.94 a
	N3	384.65±5.31 a	141.81±1.42 a	64.51±0.27 c	27.20±0.08 a	9 567.66±101.85 b
B3	N0	235.21±3.27 c	125.72±0.46 b	78.81±1.57 a	28.10±0.19 a	6 545.81±106.37 c
	N1	335.77±1.74 b	140.96±2.32 a	72.58±0.08 bc	28.41±0.24 a	9 755.82±119.61 b
	N2	331.32±2.85 b	141.11±2.89 a	78.53±1.40 ab	28.30±0.15 a	10 384.47±115.25 ab
	N3	385.35±1.60 a	143.43±3.29 a	67.67±0.52 c	28.35±0.03 a	10 600.21±107.08 a

播期 Sowing date	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	氮素偏生产力 N partial productivity/ (kg·kg^-1)	氮素农学效率 Agronomic N use efficiency/(kg·kg^-1)	氮素生理效率 N physiological efficiency/(kg·kg^-1)	氮素吸收利用率 N uptake and utilization efficiency/%	氮素籽粒生产效率 N use efficiency in grain/(kg·kg^-1)
B1	N0	—	—	—	—	59.50±1.57 a
	N1	50.19±0.64 a	21.09±0.02 a	61.47±1.28 a	34.32±0.74 b	60.29±0.41 a
	N2	34.51±0.43 b	15.10±0.01 b	32.21±0.40 b	46.87±0.22 a	43.40±0.29 b
	N3	24.80±0.31 c	10.25±0.62 c	33.86±1.76 b	30.26±0.26 b	45.33±0.25 b
B2	N0	—	—	—	—	74.82±0.64 a
	N1	51.69±0.58 a	14.53±0.01 a	45.99±0.19 b	31.60±0.11 a	63.61±0.53 b
	N2	39.08±0.21 b	14.31±0.58 a	50.06±2.56 a	28.61±0.31 b	63.34±0.87 b
	N3	26.58±0.29 c	8.01±0.57 b	29.33±1.69 c	27.27±0.36 b	51.02±0.36 c
B3	N0	—	—	—	—	72.34±0.75 a
	N1	54.20±0.67 a	17.84±0.08 a	43.97±0.21 b	40.57±0.36 a	59.67±0.30 b
	N2	38.46±0.43 b	14.22±0.04 b	50.41±0.96 a	28.21±0.47 b	62.32±0.97 b
	N3	29.45±0.30 c	11.26±0.00 c	46.53±0.72 b	24.22±0.37 c	59.68±0.87 b

播期 Sowing date	施氮量 Nitrogen rate	氮素偏生产力 N partial productivity/ (kg·kg^-1)	氮素农学效率 Agronomic N use efficiency/(kg·kg^-1)	氮素生理效率 N physiological efficiency/(kg·kg^-1)	氮素吸收利用率 N uptake and utilization efficiency/%	氮素籽粒生产效率 N use efficiency in grain/(kg·kg^-1)
B1	N0	—	—	—	—	59.50±1.57 a
	N1	50.19±0.64 a	21.09±0.02 a	61.47±1.28 a	34.32±0.74 b	60.29±0.41 a
	N2	34.51±0.43 b	15.10±0.01 b	32.21±0.40 b	46.87±0.22 a	43.40±0.29 b
	N3	24.80±0.31 c	10.25±0.62 c	33.86±1.76 b	30.26±0.26 b	45.33±0.25 b
B2	N0	—	—	—	—	74.82±0.64 a
	N1	51.69±0.58 a	14.53±0.01 a	45.99±0.19 b	31.60±0.11 a	63.61±0.53 b
	N2	39.08±0.21 b	14.31±0.58 a	50.06±2.56 a	28.61±0.31 b	63.34±0.87 b
	N3	26.58±0.29 c	8.01±0.57 b	29.33±1.69 c	27.27±0.36 b	51.02±0.36 c
B3	N0	—	—	—	—	72.34±0.75 a
	N1	54.20±0.67 a	17.84±0.08 a	43.97±0.21 b	40.57±0.36 a	59.67±0.30 b
	N2	38.46±0.43 b	14.22±0.04 b	50.41±0.96 a	28.21±0.47 b	62.32±0.97 b
	N3	29.45±0.30 c	11.26±0.00 c	46.53±0.72 b	24.22±0.37 c	59.68±0.87 b

播期和施氮量组合对水稻南粳9108产量和氮素利用的影响

Effects of sowing date and nitrogen application rate on grain yield and nitrogen utilization of rice variety Nanjing 9108

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