Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 1402-1408.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.08.07
• Horticultural Science • Previous Articles Next Articles
ZHANG Zhigang1,2(
), LIU Yufang3, LI Changcheng4, LI Hong5,*(
), CHENG Ping5, YANG Lu5
Received:2020-08-11
Online:2021-08-25
Published:2021-08-27
Contact:
LI Hong
CLC Number:
ZHANG Zhigang, LIU Yufang, LI Changcheng, LI Hong, CHENG Ping, YANG Lu. Effect of different maturity on fruit quality of apricot[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(8): 1402-1408.
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URL: http://www.zjnyxb.cn/EN/10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.08.07
| 序号 Serial number | 杏品种 Apricot variety | 地点 Location | 成熟期 Maturation period |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 小白杏 Small white apricot | 新疆林业科学院阿克苏国家重点林木良种基地 Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Aksu State Key Forest Seed Base | 6月20日至6月25日 Jun 20th-Jun 25th |
| 2 | 油光大白杏 Glossy white apricot | 6月25日至6月30日 Jun 25th-Jun 30th | |
| 3 | 大青杏 Large green apricot | 7月5日至7月10日 Jul 5th-Jul 10th | |
| 4 | 树上干杏 Tree dry apricot | 阿克苏农一师四团 Aksu First Division Four Regiment | 7月7日至7月12日 Jul 7th-Jul 12th |
Table 1 Picking time of four apricot varieties
| 序号 Serial number | 杏品种 Apricot variety | 地点 Location | 成熟期 Maturation period |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 小白杏 Small white apricot | 新疆林业科学院阿克苏国家重点林木良种基地 Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Aksu State Key Forest Seed Base | 6月20日至6月25日 Jun 20th-Jun 25th |
| 2 | 油光大白杏 Glossy white apricot | 6月25日至6月30日 Jun 25th-Jun 30th | |
| 3 | 大青杏 Large green apricot | 7月5日至7月10日 Jul 5th-Jul 10th | |
| 4 | 树上干杏 Tree dry apricot | 阿克苏农一师四团 Aksu First Division Four Regiment | 7月7日至7月12日 Jul 7th-Jul 12th |
| 品种 Varieties | 果实规格 Fruit size/mm | 单果质量 Single fruit weight/g | 果核规格 Stone specification/mm | 果仁规格 Nut size/mm | 鲜果皮 厚度 Thickness of fresh peel/mm | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 横径 Transverse diameter | 纵径 Longitudinal diameter | 侧径 Lateral diameter | 横径 Transverse diameter | 纵径 Longitudinal diameter | 厚 Thickness | 横径 Transverse diameter | 纵径 Longitudinal diameter | 厚 Thickness | ||||||||||||||
| 小白杏 Small white | 29.68 ±0.57 c | 34.5 ±0.5 c | 29.31 ±0.68 c | 18.11 ±0.56 c | 15.66 ±1.65 c | 22.78 ±1.74 bc | 11.52 ±0.5 b | 9.99 ±0.87 c | 16.87 ±0.64 b | 8.5 ±0.27 b | 0.18 ±0 c | |||||||||||
| apricot | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 油光大白杏 Glossy white | 45.59 ±0.37 a | 48.6 ±1.1 a | 49.15 ±1.16 a | 32.67 ±0.78 a | 22.04 ±1.88 a | 28.83 ±0.96 a | 14.79 ±0.8 a | 13.99 ±0.94 a | 18.11 ±0.27 a | 10.37 ±0.36 a | 0.31 ±0.01 a | |||||||||||
| apricot | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 大青杏 Large green | 37.75 ±0.75 b | 36.47 ±0.55 b | 38.34 ±0.79 b | 27.5 ±0.83 b | 21.14 ±1.13 ab | 23.96 ±1.77 b | 11.87 ±1.32 b | 11.56 ±0.45 b | 16.83 ±0.28 b | 5.62 ±0.17 c | 0.17 ±0 c | |||||||||||
| apricot | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 树上干杏 Tree dry | 28.00 ±1.50 c | 27.3 ±0.78 d | 29.78 ±1.33 c | 12.66 ±0.55 d | 18.47 ±1.97 bc | 21.3 ±0.29 c | 10.5 ±0.6 b | 12.38 ±0.37 b | 16.38 ±0.37 b | 10.82 ±0.31 a | 0.22 ±0.01 b | |||||||||||
| apricot | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Table 2 Basic indexes of different apricot varieties
| 品种 Varieties | 果实规格 Fruit size/mm | 单果质量 Single fruit weight/g | 果核规格 Stone specification/mm | 果仁规格 Nut size/mm | 鲜果皮 厚度 Thickness of fresh peel/mm | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 横径 Transverse diameter | 纵径 Longitudinal diameter | 侧径 Lateral diameter | 横径 Transverse diameter | 纵径 Longitudinal diameter | 厚 Thickness | 横径 Transverse diameter | 纵径 Longitudinal diameter | 厚 Thickness | ||||||||||||||
| 小白杏 Small white | 29.68 ±0.57 c | 34.5 ±0.5 c | 29.31 ±0.68 c | 18.11 ±0.56 c | 15.66 ±1.65 c | 22.78 ±1.74 bc | 11.52 ±0.5 b | 9.99 ±0.87 c | 16.87 ±0.64 b | 8.5 ±0.27 b | 0.18 ±0 c | |||||||||||
| apricot | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 油光大白杏 Glossy white | 45.59 ±0.37 a | 48.6 ±1.1 a | 49.15 ±1.16 a | 32.67 ±0.78 a | 22.04 ±1.88 a | 28.83 ±0.96 a | 14.79 ±0.8 a | 13.99 ±0.94 a | 18.11 ±0.27 a | 10.37 ±0.36 a | 0.31 ±0.01 a | |||||||||||
| apricot | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 大青杏 Large green | 37.75 ±0.75 b | 36.47 ±0.55 b | 38.34 ±0.79 b | 27.5 ±0.83 b | 21.14 ±1.13 ab | 23.96 ±1.77 b | 11.87 ±1.32 b | 11.56 ±0.45 b | 16.83 ±0.28 b | 5.62 ±0.17 c | 0.17 ±0 c | |||||||||||
| apricot | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 树上干杏 Tree dry | 28.00 ±1.50 c | 27.3 ±0.78 d | 29.78 ±1.33 c | 12.66 ±0.55 d | 18.47 ±1.97 bc | 21.3 ±0.29 c | 10.5 ±0.6 b | 12.38 ±0.37 b | 16.38 ±0.37 b | 10.82 ±0.31 a | 0.22 ±0.01 b | |||||||||||
| apricot | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 品种 Variety | 成熟度 指标 Maturity index | 硬度 Hardness/ (kg·cm-2) | 总糖 Total sugar/% | 还原糖 Reducing sugar/% | 果胶 Pectin/% | 可滴定酸 TA/% | 总酚 Total phenol/% | 可溶性固 形物 SSC/% | 维生素C VC/ (mg· g-1) | 纤维 Fiber/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 小白杏 Small white | Ⅰ | 2.04 ±0.19 a | 8.94 ±0.02 c | 0.0157 ±0.0003 a | 1.53 ±0.08 b | 3.72 ±0.44 a | 26.48 ±1.16 a | 15.77 ±0.64 b | 0.45 ±0.03 c | 0.38 ±0.02 b |
| apricot | Ⅱ | 1.59 ±0.09 b | 14.31 ±1.15 b | 0.0157 ±0.0006 a | 1.93 ±0.18 a | 3.52 ±0.19 a | 27.55 ±1.58 a | 15.00 ±0.67 b | 1.15 ±0.04 a | 0.37 ±0.02 b |
| Ⅲ | 1.33 ±0.06 b | 17.41 ±0.76 a | 0.0158 ±0.0017 a | 1.69 ±0.04 ab | 2.59 ±0.16 b | 13.78 ±0.70 b | 18.30 ±0.80 a | 0.72 ±0.06 b | 0.63 ±0.04 a | |
| 油光大白杏 Glossy white | Ⅰ | 1.76 ±0.08 a | 9.62 ±0.59 b | 0.0087 ±0.0007 b | 1.07 ±0.23 a | 6.28 ±0.43 a | 26.02 ±1.26 a | 13.90 ±0.64 a | 0.23 ±0.04 c | 0.81 ±0.04 a |
| apricot | Ⅱ | 1.62 ±0.09 a | 10.69 ±0.75 b | 0.0098 ±0.0009 b | 1.00 ±0.14 a | 5.47 ±0.47 a | 20.61 ±1.25 b | 13.80 ±0.37 a | 0.46 ±0.07 b | 0.67 ±0.05 b |
| Ⅲ | 1.13 ±0.08 b | 12.93 ±0.43 a | 0.0135 ±0.0009 a | 1.96 ±0.47 a | 5.08 ±0.54 a | 19.16 ±0.74 b | 14.10 ±0.51 a | 0.69 ±0.07 a | 0.69 ±0.04 ab | |
| 大青杏 Large green | Ⅰ | 1.40 ±0.05 a | 7.24 ±0.52 b | 0.0119 ±0.0015 b | 0.91 ±0.14 a | 2.44 ±0.63 a | 18.11 ±1.00 a | 14.20 ±0.51 a | 0.15 ±0.02 c | 0.26 ±0.03 a |
| apricot | Ⅱ | 1.36 ±0.07 a | 7.92 ±0.49 b | 0.0138 ±0.0020 b | 1.13 ±0.26 a | 1.92 ±0.40 a | 14.26 ±1.13 ab | 14.00 ±0.52 a | 0.45 ±0.07 b | 0.16 ±0.03 b |
| Ⅲ | 1.25 ±0.03 a | 8.59 ±0.49 a | 0.0258 ±0.0073 a | 0.95 ±0.18 a | 1.75 ±0.33 a | 10.85 ±1.85 b | 15.90 ±0.87 a | 0.97 ±0.11 a | 0.13 ±0.01 b | |
| 树上干杏 Tree dry | Ⅰ | 2.43 ±0.09 a | 9.09 ±0.65 b | 0.0283 ±0.0033 b | 0.92 ±0.14 a | 3.42 ±0.58 ab | 34.93 ±0.74 a | 15.80 ±1.47 c | 0.14 ±0.01 b | 0.25 ±0.02 c |
| apricot | Ⅱ | 2.20 ±0.07 b | 10.62 ±0.79 b | 0.0379 ±0.069 b | 1.21 ±0.35 a | 3.82 ±0.30 a | 30.03 ±0.47 b | 19.50 ±0.55 b | 0.20 ±0.02 b | 0.31 ±0.02 b |
| Ⅲ | 1.86 ±0.03 c | 16.10 ±0.51 a | 0.0554 ±0.0044 a | 1.26 ±0.23 a | 2.24 ±0.56 b | 26.46 ±0.65 c | 26.20 ±0.87 a | 0.42 ±0.04 a | 0.42 ±0.03 a |
Table 3 Effect of different harvest maturity on fruit quality of apricot
| 品种 Variety | 成熟度 指标 Maturity index | 硬度 Hardness/ (kg·cm-2) | 总糖 Total sugar/% | 还原糖 Reducing sugar/% | 果胶 Pectin/% | 可滴定酸 TA/% | 总酚 Total phenol/% | 可溶性固 形物 SSC/% | 维生素C VC/ (mg· g-1) | 纤维 Fiber/% |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 小白杏 Small white | Ⅰ | 2.04 ±0.19 a | 8.94 ±0.02 c | 0.0157 ±0.0003 a | 1.53 ±0.08 b | 3.72 ±0.44 a | 26.48 ±1.16 a | 15.77 ±0.64 b | 0.45 ±0.03 c | 0.38 ±0.02 b |
| apricot | Ⅱ | 1.59 ±0.09 b | 14.31 ±1.15 b | 0.0157 ±0.0006 a | 1.93 ±0.18 a | 3.52 ±0.19 a | 27.55 ±1.58 a | 15.00 ±0.67 b | 1.15 ±0.04 a | 0.37 ±0.02 b |
| Ⅲ | 1.33 ±0.06 b | 17.41 ±0.76 a | 0.0158 ±0.0017 a | 1.69 ±0.04 ab | 2.59 ±0.16 b | 13.78 ±0.70 b | 18.30 ±0.80 a | 0.72 ±0.06 b | 0.63 ±0.04 a | |
| 油光大白杏 Glossy white | Ⅰ | 1.76 ±0.08 a | 9.62 ±0.59 b | 0.0087 ±0.0007 b | 1.07 ±0.23 a | 6.28 ±0.43 a | 26.02 ±1.26 a | 13.90 ±0.64 a | 0.23 ±0.04 c | 0.81 ±0.04 a |
| apricot | Ⅱ | 1.62 ±0.09 a | 10.69 ±0.75 b | 0.0098 ±0.0009 b | 1.00 ±0.14 a | 5.47 ±0.47 a | 20.61 ±1.25 b | 13.80 ±0.37 a | 0.46 ±0.07 b | 0.67 ±0.05 b |
| Ⅲ | 1.13 ±0.08 b | 12.93 ±0.43 a | 0.0135 ±0.0009 a | 1.96 ±0.47 a | 5.08 ±0.54 a | 19.16 ±0.74 b | 14.10 ±0.51 a | 0.69 ±0.07 a | 0.69 ±0.04 ab | |
| 大青杏 Large green | Ⅰ | 1.40 ±0.05 a | 7.24 ±0.52 b | 0.0119 ±0.0015 b | 0.91 ±0.14 a | 2.44 ±0.63 a | 18.11 ±1.00 a | 14.20 ±0.51 a | 0.15 ±0.02 c | 0.26 ±0.03 a |
| apricot | Ⅱ | 1.36 ±0.07 a | 7.92 ±0.49 b | 0.0138 ±0.0020 b | 1.13 ±0.26 a | 1.92 ±0.40 a | 14.26 ±1.13 ab | 14.00 ±0.52 a | 0.45 ±0.07 b | 0.16 ±0.03 b |
| Ⅲ | 1.25 ±0.03 a | 8.59 ±0.49 a | 0.0258 ±0.0073 a | 0.95 ±0.18 a | 1.75 ±0.33 a | 10.85 ±1.85 b | 15.90 ±0.87 a | 0.97 ±0.11 a | 0.13 ±0.01 b | |
| 树上干杏 Tree dry | Ⅰ | 2.43 ±0.09 a | 9.09 ±0.65 b | 0.0283 ±0.0033 b | 0.92 ±0.14 a | 3.42 ±0.58 ab | 34.93 ±0.74 a | 15.80 ±1.47 c | 0.14 ±0.01 b | 0.25 ±0.02 c |
| apricot | Ⅱ | 2.20 ±0.07 b | 10.62 ±0.79 b | 0.0379 ±0.069 b | 1.21 ±0.35 a | 3.82 ±0.30 a | 30.03 ±0.47 b | 19.50 ±0.55 b | 0.20 ±0.02 b | 0.31 ±0.02 b |
| Ⅲ | 1.86 ±0.03 c | 16.10 ±0.51 a | 0.0554 ±0.0044 a | 1.26 ±0.23 a | 2.24 ±0.56 b | 26.46 ±0.65 c | 26.20 ±0.87 a | 0.42 ±0.04 a | 0.42 ±0.03 a |
| 品种 Variety | 硬度 Hardness | 总糖 Total sugar | 还原糖 Reducing sugar | 果胶 Pectin | 可滴定酸 TA | 总酚 Total phenol | 可溶性 固形物 SSC | 维生素C VC | 纤维 Fiber |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 小白杏 | -0.99** | 0.99** | 0.87** | 0.64* | -0.94** | -0.83** | 0.73* | 0.66* | 0.85** |
| Small white apricot | |||||||||
| 油光大白杏 | -0.95** | 0.98** | 0.95** | 0.83** | -0.98** | -0.95** | 0.65* | 1.00** | -0.79* |
| Glossy white apricot | |||||||||
| 大青杏 | -0.97** | 1.00** | 0.92** | 0.51* | -0.96** | -0.89** | 0.81** | 0.99** | -0.95** |
| Large green apricot | |||||||||
| 树上干杏 | -0.99** | 0.95** | 0.99** | 0.93** | -0.72* | -1.00** | 0.99** | 0.95** | 0.99** |
| Tree dry apricot |
Table 4 Correlation analysis between different maturity and fruit quality of four apricot varieties
| 品种 Variety | 硬度 Hardness | 总糖 Total sugar | 还原糖 Reducing sugar | 果胶 Pectin | 可滴定酸 TA | 总酚 Total phenol | 可溶性 固形物 SSC | 维生素C VC | 纤维 Fiber |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 小白杏 | -0.99** | 0.99** | 0.87** | 0.64* | -0.94** | -0.83** | 0.73* | 0.66* | 0.85** |
| Small white apricot | |||||||||
| 油光大白杏 | -0.95** | 0.98** | 0.95** | 0.83** | -0.98** | -0.95** | 0.65* | 1.00** | -0.79* |
| Glossy white apricot | |||||||||
| 大青杏 | -0.97** | 1.00** | 0.92** | 0.51* | -0.96** | -0.89** | 0.81** | 0.99** | -0.95** |
| Large green apricot | |||||||||
| 树上干杏 | -0.99** | 0.95** | 0.99** | 0.93** | -0.72* | -1.00** | 0.99** | 0.95** | 0.99** |
| Tree dry apricot |
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