Effect of two plant growth regulators on the fruit quality of ‘Centennial Seedless’ grapes

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230960

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 1309-1319.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230960

• Horticultural Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effect of two plant growth regulators on the fruit quality of ‘Centennial Seedless’ grapes

ZHU Xuehui¹^,²(), XIE Hui¹, HAN Shouan¹, WANG Min¹, BAI Shijian³, MA Yunlong¹^,⁴, WANG Yanmeng¹^,², MAI Sile¹^,², PAN Mingqi¹, ZHANG Wen¹^,^*()

1. Institute of Horticultural Crops, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091, China
2. College of Horticulture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
3. Grape, Melon and Fruit Research Center, Turpan 838200, Xinjiang, China
4. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China

Received:2023-08-11 Online:2024-06-25 Published:2024-07-02

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the impact of different plant growth regulators on the quality and aroma of grape fruits, and screen the optimal treatment that enhances fruit quality and increases aroma content. 9-year-old ‘Centennial Seedless’ grapes from the Urumqi region were used as the experimental material. 9 different plant growth regulator treatments, including gibberellin (GA₃) (30, 50, 70 mg·L^-1) combined with forchlorfeuron (CPPU) (0, 1, 2 mg·L^-1) were applied during the fruit enlargemen period, with water as the control. The longitudinal and transverse diameters, grain weight, soluble solids content, vitamin C (V_C) content, phenolic substances content, and protective enzyme substance activity of mature fruits were measured. Additionally, we used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to analyze the aroma compounds. The results showed that the different treatments had significant effect on improving fruit quality. Compared to the control, the fruit quality indicators such as longitudinal and transverse diameters, grain weight, fruit shape index were significantly (P<0.05) improved after 70 mg·L^-1 GA₃+1 mg·L^-1 CPPU treatment, increasing by 33.93%, 10.06%, 56.18%, 19.02%, respectively, and soluble solids content increased by 5.79 percentage points, titratable acid content decreased by 0.14 percentage points, and the sugar-acid ratio increased by 69.44%. Furthermore, the combined treatment of GA₃ and CPPU significantly increased the content of phenolic substances such as polyphenols, anthocyanins, and flavonols in the fruits. A total of 74 aroma compounds were detected in the fruits. Among them, the rose-scented compounds, including β-damascenone, geraniol, myrcene, citronellol, α-terpineol and (+)-limonene, showed the greatest increase in content; Compared with the control, β-damascenone content increased by 47.00% after 50 mg·L^-1 GA₃+2 mg·L^-1 CPPU treatment, The contents of geraniol, myrcene, citronellol, α-terpineol were increased by 16.67%, 18.05%, 50.65% and 1 043.46%, respectively, after 70 mg·L^-1 GA₃+2 mg·L^-1 CPPU treatment, (+)-limonene content treated with 50 mg·L^-1 GA₃+1 mg·L^-1 CPPU was 6.57 times higher than that of the control. The results indicated that the ‘Centennial Seedless’ grapes treated with 70 mg·L^-1 GA₃+1 mg·L^-1 CPPU significantly improved fruit quality, while the significant increase in aroma compound content was observed in the treatment with 70 mg·L^-1 GA₃+2 mg·L^-1 CPPU.

Key words: ‘Centennial Seedless’ grape, plant growth regulator, fruit quality, aroma compound

CLC Number:

S663.1

ZHU Xuehui, XIE Hui, HAN Shouan, WANG Min, BAI Shijian, MA Yunlong, WANG Yanmeng, MAI Sile, PAN Mingqi, ZHANG Wen. Effect of two plant growth regulators on the fruit quality of ‘Centennial Seedless’ grapes[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(6): 1309-1319.

Figures/Tables 8

References 36

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处理 Treatment	质量浓度Mass concentration
处理 Treatment	GA₃	CPPU
CK	0	0
T1	30	0
T2	30	1
T3	30	2
T4	50	0
T5	50	1
T6	50	2
T7	70	0
T8	70	1
T9	70	2

处理 Treatment	质量浓度Mass concentration
处理 Treatment	GA₃	CPPU
CK	0	0
T1	30	0
T2	30	1
T3	30	2
T4	50	0
T5	50	1
T6	50	2
T7	70	0
T8	70	1
T9	70	2

处理 Treatment	果实纵径 Fruit longitudinal diameter/mm	果实横径 Fruit transverse diameter/mm	果形指数 Fruit shape index	粒重 Grain weight/g	果实硬度 Fruit hardness/N	果柄拉力 Fruit stalk tension/N
CK	26.94±0.70 e	16.60±0.68 b	1.63±0.04 c	4.45±0.08 f	2.08±0.09 e	3.76±0.18 f
T1	28.10±0.60 de	17.24±0.52 ab	1.63±0.07 bc	4.97±0.10 e	2.39±0.14 cde	13.84±0.81 a
T2	31.64±0.52 b	17.43±0.24 ab	1.82±0.06 abc	5.46±0.13 cd	2.52±0.11 bcd	11.12±0.49 bc
T3	30.92±0.45 bc	16.66±0.75 ab	1.86±0.07 abc	6.30±0.11 b	2.57±0.07 bc	7.48±0.17 e
T4	29.50±0.95 cd	17.82±0.22 ab	1.66±0.07 bc	5.17±0.32 de	2.69±0.10 abc	11.39±0.41 bc
T5	31.91±0.33 b	18.15±0.29 ab	1.76±0.01 abc	5.55±0.21 cd	3.01±0.12 a	13.68±0.68 a
T6	31.54±0.67 b	17.22±0.20 ab	1.83±0.06 abc	6.22±0.07 b	2.17±0.08 de	10.50±0.32 c
T7	32.54±0.57 b	18.02±0.40 ab	1.81±0.07 abc	5.91±0.04 bc	2.83±0.09 ab	12.07±0.24 b
T8	36.08±0.45 a	18.27±0.29 a	1.94±0.09 a	6.95±0.14 a	2.51±0.18 bcd	6.41±0.11 e
T9	31.43±0.59 b	16.90±0.79 ab	1.87±0.13 ab	6.13±0.03 b	2.60±0.14 bc	9.05±0.15 d

处理 Treatment	果实纵径 Fruit longitudinal diameter/mm	果实横径 Fruit transverse diameter/mm	果形指数 Fruit shape index	粒重 Grain weight/g	果实硬度 Fruit hardness/N	果柄拉力 Fruit stalk tension/N
CK	26.94±0.70 e	16.60±0.68 b	1.63±0.04 c	4.45±0.08 f	2.08±0.09 e	3.76±0.18 f
T1	28.10±0.60 de	17.24±0.52 ab	1.63±0.07 bc	4.97±0.10 e	2.39±0.14 cde	13.84±0.81 a
T2	31.64±0.52 b	17.43±0.24 ab	1.82±0.06 abc	5.46±0.13 cd	2.52±0.11 bcd	11.12±0.49 bc
T3	30.92±0.45 bc	16.66±0.75 ab	1.86±0.07 abc	6.30±0.11 b	2.57±0.07 bc	7.48±0.17 e
T4	29.50±0.95 cd	17.82±0.22 ab	1.66±0.07 bc	5.17±0.32 de	2.69±0.10 abc	11.39±0.41 bc
T5	31.91±0.33 b	18.15±0.29 ab	1.76±0.01 abc	5.55±0.21 cd	3.01±0.12 a	13.68±0.68 a
T6	31.54±0.67 b	17.22±0.20 ab	1.83±0.06 abc	6.22±0.07 b	2.17±0.08 de	10.50±0.32 c
T7	32.54±0.57 b	18.02±0.40 ab	1.81±0.07 abc	5.91±0.04 bc	2.83±0.09 ab	12.07±0.24 b
T8	36.08±0.45 a	18.27±0.29 a	1.94±0.09 a	6.95±0.14 a	2.51±0.18 bcd	6.41±0.11 e
T9	31.43±0.59 b	16.90±0.79 ab	1.87±0.13 ab	6.13±0.03 b	2.60±0.14 bc	9.05±0.15 d

处理 Treatment	可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solids content/%	可溶性糖含量 Soluble sugar content/%	可滴定酸含量 Titratable acid content/%	固酸比 Solid acid ratio	V_C含量 V_C content/ (mg·kg^-1)
CK	16.93±0.86 c	5.49±0.43 d	0.69±0.01 b	24.54±0.96 g	28.33±2.33 d
T1	21.70±0.64 ab	8.38±0.57 bc	0.69±0.02 b	31.69±0.56 e	42.00±5.13 d
T2	21.82±0.29 ab	8.81±0.65 b	0.63±0.02 c	34.55±0.63 d	73.67±7.13 c
T3	21.11±0.54 ab	7.06±0.43 c	0.70±0.02 b	30.16±0.56 e	84.00±9.45 bc
T4	21.88±0.34 ab	9.01±0.24 b	0.59±0.02 cd	37.25±0.74 c	95.00±8.14 b
T5	21.95±0.32 ab	9.14±0.09 b	0.79±0.02 a	27.70±0.55 f	96.00±4.04 b
T6	20.32±0.50 b	11.37±0.57 a	0.73±0.01 b	28.05±0.34 f	139.00±3.46 a
T7	22.22±0.15 a	9.27±0.63 b	0.25±0.01 e	87.34±1.30 a	41.67±3.38 d
T8	22.72±0.44 a	11.58±0.44 a	0.55±0.01 d	41.58±0.84 b	32.00±2.31 d
T9	17.28±0.71 c	9.74±0.62 b	0.74±0.01 b	23.55±0.86 g	30.67±1.20 d

Effect of two plant growth regulators on the fruit quality of ‘Centennial Seedless’ grapes

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处理 Treatment	单宁含量 Tannin content	多酚含量 Polyphenols content	黄酮含量 Flavonoids content	原花青素含量 Procyanidins content	黄烷醇含量 Flavanol content
CK	1.07±0.03 d	0.81±0.03 f	1.70±0.10 c	0.57±0.28 f	9.42±0.35 c
T1	1.13±0.07 cd	0.84±0.01 ef	1.92±0.16 c	0.86±0.34 f	14.84±1.56 bc
T2	1.15±0.04 cd	0.84±0.07 ef	3.35±0.19 b	3.51±0.40 cd	27.69±0.10 a
T3	1.66±0.06 ab	1.73±0.08 b	4.57±0.26 a	4.49±0.06 bc	29.00±0.25 a
T4	1.17±0.05 cd	1.01±0.01 de	2.07±0.29 c	2.53±0.06 e	17.81±0.25 b
T5	1.55±0.03 b	1.76±0.10 b	3.57±0.17 b	3.61±0.68 bcd	28.48±5.00 a
T6	1.74±0.07 a	1.76±0.08 b	4.90±0.19 a	4.59±0.23 b	29.97±1.72 a
T7	1.26±0.05 c	1.10±0.03 d	2.46±0.11 c	3.32±0.28 de	20.00±1.11 b
T8	1.80±0.05 a	2.31±0.03 a	5.12±0.40 a	6.16±0.11 a	30.05±1.77 a
T9	1.72±0.02 a	1.36±0.08 c	4.86±0.49 a	4.30±0.17 bcd	29.27±0.10 a

处理 Treatment	醛类 Aldehyde	萜类 Terpenoids	酯类 Ester	酮类 Ketone	芳烃类 Aromatics	酸类 Acid	醇类 Alcohol	其他类 Others
CK	15.15 a	31.91 h	8.72 a	7.39 g	3.79 a	18.41 g	14.28 g	0.35 a
T1	7.01 e	35.60 c	8.57 c	10.26 c	2.85 f	19.28 f	16.26 b	0.17 f
T4	8.09 d	34.94 e	8.68 b	7.73 e	3.11 e	21.68 c	15.52 d	0.26 c
T5	5.37 h	35.19 d	7.36 g	12.55 a	3.27 c	17.51 h	18.51 a	0.23 d
T6	9.05 b	33.77 g	8.19 e	9.56 d	2.51 g	22.46 b	14.31 f	0.15 g
T7	6.85 f	34.74 f	7.97 f	12.19 b	3.14 d	19.74 e	15.19 e	0.19 e
T8	8.71 c	35.76 b	8.39 d	7.22 h	3.63 b	20.13 d	15.84 c	0.32 b
T9	5.86 g	38.05 a	6.77 h	7.69 f	3.13 d	25.29 a	13.05 h	0.15 g

处理 Treatment	萜类Terpenoids
处理 Treatment	β-大马士酮 β-Damascenone	香茅醇 Citronellol		α-松油醇 α-Terpineol		香叶醇 Geraniol	芳樟醇 Linalool		月桂烯 Myrcene	(+)-柠檬烯 (+)-Limonene		3-蒈烯 3-Carene		邻伞花烃 o-Cymene
CK	0.866± 0.109 ab	2.987± 0.601 bc		0.260± 0.005 g		2.777± 0.332 a	1.045± 0.069 d		2.327± 0.018 b	1.553± 0.026 c		1.987± 0.153 bc		1.990± 0.066 b
T1	1.144± 0.160 a	1.427± 0.009 e		2.360± 0.112 c		1.170± 0.038 d	1.310± 0.062 c		1.340± 0.035 e	1.077± 0.019 c		1.343± 0.013 ef		1.277± 0.043 d
T4	0.937± 0.103 ab	2.530± 0.283 bcd		1.347± 0.122 e		1.373± 0.020 cd	1.086± 0.060 d		1.450± 0.035 d	1.067± 0.019 c		1.327± 0.028 f		1.240± 0.066 d
T5	1.167± 0.033 a	2.467± 0.088 cd		3.753± 0.159 a		2.103± 0.044 b	2.153± 0.041 a		1.900± 0.035 e	10.203± 0.376 a		2.120± 0.064 b		1.933± 0.012 b
T6	1.273± 0.287 a	1.737± 0.026 de		1.790± 0.089 d		1.073± 0.023 d	1.357± 0.043 c		1.313± 0.035 e	1.077± 0.018 c		1.187± 0.027 f		1.217± 0.030 d
T7	0.807± 0.101 ab	3.390± 0.293 b		2.380± 0.072 c		1.663± 0.023 bc	2.003± 0.041 a		1.850± 0.035 c	1.273± 0.018 c		1.803± 0.095 cd		1.720± 0.066 c
T8	0.583± 0.005 b	2.227± 0.123 cde		0.576± 0.012 f		1.877± 0.035 b	1.077± 0.043 d		1.790± 0.035 c	1.097± 0.019 c		1.610± 0.036 de		1.603± 0.009 c
T9	0.961± 0.133 ab	4.500± 0.283 a		2.973± 0.112 b		3.240± 0.279 a	1.723± 0.071 b		2.747± 0.050 a	3.357± 0.274 b		2.567± 0.153 a		2.367± 0.064 a
处理 Treatment	醛类Aldehyde				酯类Ester						醇类Alcohol
处理 Treatment	苯甲醛 Benzaldehyde		己醛 Hexanal		苯甲酸乙酯 Ethyl benzoate			苯甲酸甲酯 Methyl benzoate			脱氢芳樟醇 Dehydrolinalool		己醇 Hexanol
CK	0.608±0.038 b		2.843±0.073 a		1.180±0.015 b			1.990±0.046 d			0.636±0.012 d		1.193±0.019 d
T1	0.377±0.012 c		0.823±0.072 cd		1.120±0.015 c			1.647±0.067 e			1.140±0.035 b		1.013±0.019 e
T4	0.624±0.038 b		1.014±0.072 bc		1.247±0.017 a			1.540±0.046 e			0.880±0.012 c		0.845±0.013 f
T5	0.432±0.012 c		0.763±0.071 d		1.070±0.015 cd			3.307±0.043 a			1.853±0.202 a		1.250±0.021 bc
T6	0.434±0.003 c		1.233±0.073 b		0.903±0.025 f			1.620±0.046 e			0.763±0.012 cd		0.739±0.013 g
T7	0.410±0.002 c		0.917±0.071 cd		1.001±0.015 e			2.170±0.025 c			1.280±0.035 b		1.270±0.020 b
T8	0.818±0.029 a		1.223±0.073 b		1.020±0.015 de			1.250±0.025 f			0.768±0.012 cd		1.207±0.018 cd
T9	0.844±0.038 a		1.163±0.073 b		1.280±0.015 a			2.853±0.109 b			1.300±0.012 b		1.783±0.018 a

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