Combined risk assessment of multi-pesticide residues in strawberries from Zhejiang Province, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250471

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (8): 1695-1705.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250471

• Quality and Safety of Agricultural Products • Previous Articles Next Articles

Combined risk assessment of multi-pesticide residues in strawberries from Zhejiang Province, China

LIN Mengjia¹^,²(), ZHAO Mengran², LIN Kaixuan², LIN Demin², XIE Kai², ZHANG Yiming¹^,^*()

¹ College of Food and Health, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
² Zhejiang Chemical Products Quality Inspection Station Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310000, China

Received:2025-07-08 Online:2026-08-25 Published:2026-09-14

Abstract

Abstract:

This study investigated pesticide residues and dietary exposure risks in strawberries from Zhejiang Province. A total of 150 samples from 9 regions (Hangzhou, Huzhou, Jiaxing, Jinhua, Shaoxing, Taizhou, Wenzhou, Quzhou, Ningbo) were analyzed for 78 pesticide residues. The results revealed that 82.0% of samples contained detectable pesticide residues, with procymidone (45.3%) and boscalid (40.0%) demonstrated the highest detection rates. Multi-residue occurrence (≥2 pesticides) was observed in 58.67% of samples; in total, 30 pesticides were identified, of which 16 were not registered for use on strawberries. The chronic dietary exposure risk quotient (cRQ) ranged from 0.000 4% to 0.730 0%, and the acute dietary exposure risk quotient (aRQ) ranged from 0.025% to 18.600%; Hazard Index (HI) analysis indicated that long-term cumulative risks (insecticides: 0.03%-0.90%; fungicides: 0.30%-1.80%) and short-term cumulative risks (insecticides: 0.40%-9.60%; fungicides: 1.00%-19.90%) were far below 100%. These findings indicate the presence of multi-pesticide residues in Zhejiang strawberries, but the dietary exposure risks remain within safe limits, and the health risks to consumers are considered acceptable.

Key words: strawberry, multi-pesticide residue, risk assessment, Zhejiang Province

CLC Number:

S481.8

LIN Mengjia, ZHAO Mengran, LIN Kaixuan, LIN Demin, XIE Kai, ZHANG Yiming. Combined risk assessment of multi-pesticide residues in strawberries from Zhejiang Province, China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(8): 1695-1705.

Figures/Tables 7

References 32

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农药 Pesticide	毒性 Toxicity	国内登记情况 Registration status in China	最大残留限量/ (mg·kg^-1) MRLs/ (mg·kg^-1)	残留水平/ (mg·kg^-1) Residue level/ (mg·kg^-1)	平均值/ (mg·kg^-1) Mean/ (mg·kg^-1)	检出率/% Detection rate/%
腐霉利Procymidone	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	≤10	ND~2.650	0.131	45.3
啶酰菌胺Boscalid	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	≤3	ND~1.200	0.105	40.0
吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	≤2	ND~0.650	0.037	26.0
嘧霉胺Pyrimethanil	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	≤10	ND~0.980	0.057	18.7
异菌脲Iprodione	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	/	ND~0.730	0.046	15.3
腈菌唑Myclobutanil	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	≤1	ND~0.870	0.026	11.3
咯菌腈Fludioxonil	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	≤3	ND~0.080	0.013	10.0
苯醚甲环唑Difenoconazole	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	≤3	ND~0.190	0.015	8.0
乙基多杀菌素Spinetoram	低毒Low toxicity	否No	≤0.15	ND~0.022	0.010	5.3
百菌清Chlorothalonil	低毒Low toxicity	否No	≤5	ND~0.460	0.003	4.0
醚菌酯Kresoxim-Methyl	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	≤2	ND~0.970	0.019	2.7
多菌灵Carbendazim	低毒Low toxicity	否No	≤0.5	ND~0.057	0.010	2.0
噁霜灵Oxadixyl	低毒Low toxicity	否No	/	ND~0.510	0.014	2.0
嘧菌酯Azoxystrobin	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	≤10	ND~0.190	0.012	2.0
戊唑醇Tebuconazole	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	≤2	ND~0.700	0.016	2.0
甲基硫菌灵Thiophanate-methyl	低毒Low toxicity	否No	/	ND~0.043	0.010	1.3
甲霜灵Metalaxyl	低毒Low toxicity	否No	/	ND~0.047	0.010	1.3
咪鲜胺Prochloraz	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	/	ND~0.170	0.011	0.7
三唑酮Triadimefon	低毒Low toxicity	否No	≤0.7	ND~0.042	0.010	0.7
烯酰吗啉Dimethomorph	低毒Low toxicity	否No	≤0.05	ND~0.021	0.010	0.7
啶虫脒Acetamiprid	低毒Low toxicity	否No	≤2	ND~0.340	0.020	10.7
噻虫嗪Thiamethoxam	低毒Low toxicity	否No	≤0.5	ND~0.370	0.013	4.0
阿维菌素Abamectin	中等毒Moderate toxicity	是Yes	≤0.02	ND~0.014	0.010	1.3
吡虫啉Imidacloprid	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	≤0.5	ND~0.440	0.013	1.3
联苯菊酯Bifenthrin	低毒Low toxicity	否No	≤1	ND~0.055	0.010	1.3
氯虫苯甲酰胺Chlorantraniliprole	低毒Low toxicity	否No	≤1	ND~0.062	0.010	1.3
霜霉威Propamocarb	低毒Low toxicity	否No	/	ND~0.430	0.013	1.3
螺螨酯Spirodiclofen	低毒Low toxicity	否No	/	ND~0.710	0.019	3.3
虫螨腈Chlorfenapyr	低毒Low toxicity	否No	≤0.5	ND~0.110	0.100	1.3
多效唑Paclobutrazol	低毒Low toxicity	否No	/	ND~0.048	0.011	5.3

农药 Pesticide	毒性 Toxicity	国内登记情况 Registration status in China	最大残留限量/ (mg·kg^-1) MRLs/ (mg·kg^-1)	残留水平/ (mg·kg^-1) Residue level/ (mg·kg^-1)	平均值/ (mg·kg^-1) Mean/ (mg·kg^-1)	检出率/% Detection rate/%
腐霉利Procymidone	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	≤10	ND~2.650	0.131	45.3
啶酰菌胺Boscalid	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	≤3	ND~1.200	0.105	40.0
吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	≤2	ND~0.650	0.037	26.0
嘧霉胺Pyrimethanil	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	≤10	ND~0.980	0.057	18.7
异菌脲Iprodione	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	/	ND~0.730	0.046	15.3
腈菌唑Myclobutanil	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	≤1	ND~0.870	0.026	11.3
咯菌腈Fludioxonil	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	≤3	ND~0.080	0.013	10.0
苯醚甲环唑Difenoconazole	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	≤3	ND~0.190	0.015	8.0
乙基多杀菌素Spinetoram	低毒Low toxicity	否No	≤0.15	ND~0.022	0.010	5.3
百菌清Chlorothalonil	低毒Low toxicity	否No	≤5	ND~0.460	0.003	4.0
醚菌酯Kresoxim-Methyl	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	≤2	ND~0.970	0.019	2.7
多菌灵Carbendazim	低毒Low toxicity	否No	≤0.5	ND~0.057	0.010	2.0
噁霜灵Oxadixyl	低毒Low toxicity	否No	/	ND~0.510	0.014	2.0
嘧菌酯Azoxystrobin	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	≤10	ND~0.190	0.012	2.0
戊唑醇Tebuconazole	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	≤2	ND~0.700	0.016	2.0
甲基硫菌灵Thiophanate-methyl	低毒Low toxicity	否No	/	ND~0.043	0.010	1.3
甲霜灵Metalaxyl	低毒Low toxicity	否No	/	ND~0.047	0.010	1.3
咪鲜胺Prochloraz	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	/	ND~0.170	0.011	0.7
三唑酮Triadimefon	低毒Low toxicity	否No	≤0.7	ND~0.042	0.010	0.7
烯酰吗啉Dimethomorph	低毒Low toxicity	否No	≤0.05	ND~0.021	0.010	0.7
啶虫脒Acetamiprid	低毒Low toxicity	否No	≤2	ND~0.340	0.020	10.7
噻虫嗪Thiamethoxam	低毒Low toxicity	否No	≤0.5	ND~0.370	0.013	4.0
阿维菌素Abamectin	中等毒Moderate toxicity	是Yes	≤0.02	ND~0.014	0.010	1.3
吡虫啉Imidacloprid	低毒Low toxicity	是Yes	≤0.5	ND~0.440	0.013	1.3
联苯菊酯Bifenthrin	低毒Low toxicity	否No	≤1	ND~0.055	0.010	1.3
氯虫苯甲酰胺Chlorantraniliprole	低毒Low toxicity	否No	≤1	ND~0.062	0.010	1.3
霜霉威Propamocarb	低毒Low toxicity	否No	/	ND~0.430	0.013	1.3
螺螨酯Spirodiclofen	低毒Low toxicity	否No	/	ND~0.710	0.019	3.3
虫螨腈Chlorfenapyr	低毒Low toxicity	否No	≤0.5	ND~0.110	0.100	1.3
多效唑Paclobutrazol	低毒Low toxicity	否No	/	ND~0.048	0.011	5.3

农药Pesticide	P99.5	CAC	EU	日本Japan	eMRLs	RMRLs
异菌脲Iprodione	0.730	10	0.01^*	10	8.55	8.5
噁霜灵Oxadixyl	0.510	/	0.6	7	1.42	1.5
甲基硫菌灵Thiophanate-methyl	0.043	/	0.1^*	3	12.82	12.5
甲霜灵Metalaxyl	0.047	/	/	/	11.40	11.5
咪鲜胺Prochloraz	0.170	/	0.03^*	/	1.42	1.5
霜霉威Propamocarb	0.430	/	0.7	0.5	56.99	56.5
螺螨酯Spirodiclofen	0.710	2	2	2	1.42	1.5
多效唑Paclobutrazol	0.048	/	0.01^*	0.5	14.25	14.0

农药Pesticide	P99.5	CAC	EU	日本Japan	eMRLs	RMRLs
异菌脲Iprodione	0.730	10	0.01^*	10	8.55	8.5
噁霜灵Oxadixyl	0.510	/	0.6	7	1.42	1.5
甲基硫菌灵Thiophanate-methyl	0.043	/	0.1^*	3	12.82	12.5
甲霜灵Metalaxyl	0.047	/	/	/	11.40	11.5
咪鲜胺Prochloraz	0.170	/	0.03^*	/	1.42	1.5
霜霉威Propamocarb	0.430	/	0.7	0.5	56.99	56.5
螺螨酯Spirodiclofen	0.710	2	2	2	1.42	1.5
多效唑Paclobutrazol	0.048	/	0.01^*	0.5	14.25	14.0

城市 City	腐霉利 Procymidone	啶酰菌胺 Boscalid	吡唑醚菌酯 Pyraclostrobin	嘧霉胺 Pyrimethanil	异菌脲 Iprodione	腈菌唑 Myclobutanil
衢州 Quzhou(n=15)	0.010 B (0.010, 0.067)	0.040 A (0.010, 0.310)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.064)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.010)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.010)	0.010 AB (0.010, 0.010)
嘉兴 Jiaxing(n=15)	0.017 B (0.010,0.340)	0.024 AB (0.010, 0.370)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.063)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.290)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.010)	0.010 B (0.010, 0.010)
宁波 Ningbo(n=25)	0.010 B (0.010, 0.010)	0.010 B (0.010, 0.010)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.010)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.010)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.010)	0.010 AB (0.010, 0.010)
温州 Wenzhou(n=15)	0.010 B (0.010, 0.024)	0.010 AB (0.010, 0.010)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.028)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.010)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.010)	0.010 AB (0.010, 0.013)
台州 Taizhou(n=15)	0.010 B (0.010, 0.010)	0.010 AB (0.010, 0.081)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.011)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.010)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.010)	0.010 B (0.010, 0.010)
杭州 Hangzhou(n=22)	0.190 A (0.123, 0.300)	0.046 A (0.010, 0.218)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.033)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.010)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.332)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.034)
湖州 Huzhou(n=15)	0.010 B (0.010, 0.046)	0.010 AB (0.010, 0.100)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.010)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.010)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.010)	0.010 AB (0.010, 0.010)
绍兴 Shaoxing(n=13)	0.010 B (0.010, 0.098)	0.015 AB (0.010, 0.075)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.024)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.195)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.010)	0.010 AB (0.010, 0.010)
金华 Jinhua(n=15)	0.021 AB (0.010, 0.190)	0.010 AB (0.010, 0.100)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.016)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.010)	0.010 A (0.010, 0.042)	0.010 AB (0.010, 0.010)
H值H value	45.226	26.964	7.041	8.063	9.322	24.845
p值p value	<0.001	<0.001	0.532	0.427	0.316	<0.01

Combined risk assessment of multi-pesticide residues in strawberries from Zhejiang Province, China

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农药 Pesticide		长期风险评估 Chronic risk assessment			短期风险评估 Acute risk assessment
农药 Pesticide		ADI/ (mg·kg^-1)	STMR/ (mg·kg^-1)	cRQ/ %	HR/ (mg·kg^-1)	ARfD/ (mg·kg^-1)	NESTI/ (mg·kg^-1)	aRQ/ %
腐霉利Procymidone		0.10	0.131	0.090 0	2.650	0.1	0.019 0	18.600
啶酰菌胺Boscalid		0.04	0.105	0.190 0	1.200	Unnecessary	0.008 0	—
吡唑醚菌酯Pyraclostrobin		0.03	0.037	0.090 0	0.650	0.7	0.005 0	0.652
嘧霉胺Pyrimethanil		0.20	0.057	0.020 0	0.980	Unnecessary	0.007 0	—
异菌脲Iprodione		0.06	0.046	0.060 0	0.731	0.6	0.005 0	0.855
腈菌唑Myclobutanil		0.03	0.026	0.060 0	0.870	0.3	0.006 0	2.035
咯菌腈Fludioxonil		0.40	0.013	0.002 0	0.080	Unnecessary	0.001 0	—
苯醚甲环唑Difenoconazole		0.01	0.015	0.110 0	0.190	0.3	0.001 0	0.445
乙基多杀菌素Spinetoram		0.05	0.010	0.010 0	0.022	Unnecessary	0.000 2	—
百菌清Chlorothalonil		0.02	0.003	0.010 0	0.460	0.6	0.003 0	0.538
醚菌酯Kresoxim-methyl		0.40	0.019	0.003 0	0.190	Unnecessary	0.001 0	—
多菌灵Carbendazim		0.03	0.010	0.030 0	0.057	Withdrawn	0.000 4	—
噁霜灵Oxadixyl		0.01	0.014	0.100 0	0.510	—	0.004 0	—
嘧菌酯Azoxystrobin		0.20	0.012	0.004 0	0.190	Unnecessary	0.001 0	—
戊唑醇Tebuconazole		0.03	0.016	0.040 0	0.700	0.3	0.005 0	1.638
甲基硫菌灵Thiophanate-methyl		0.09	0.010	0.010 0	0.043	1	0.000 3	0.030
甲霜灵Metalaxyl		0.08	0.010	0.010 0	0.047	0.5	0.000 3	0.066
咪鲜胺Prochloraz		0.01	0.011	0.080 0	0.170	0.2	0.001 0	0.597
三唑酮Triadimefon		0.03	0.010	0.020 0	0.042	0.08	0.000 3	0.368
烯酰吗啉Dimethomorph		0.20	0.010	0.004 0	0.021	0.6	0.000 1	0.025
啶虫脒Acetamiprid		0.07	0.020	0.020 0	0.340	0.1	0.002 0	2.386
噻虫嗪Thiamethoxam	0.08		0.013	0.010 0	0.370	1	0.003 0	0.260
阿维菌素Abamectin	0.001		0.010	0.730 0	0.014	0.003	0.000 1	3.275
吡虫啉Imidacloprid	0.06		0.013	0.020 0	0.440	0.4	0.003 0	0.772
联苯菊酯Bifenthrin	0.01		0.010	0.080 0	0.055	0.01	0.000 4	3.860
氯虫苯甲酰胺Chlorantraniliprole	2.00		0.010	0.000 4	0.062	Unnecessary	0.000 4	—
霜霉威Propamocarb	0.40		0.013	0.002 0	0.430	2	0.003 0	0.151
螺螨酯Spirodiclofen	0.01		0.019	0.140 0	0.710	Unnecessary	0.005 0	—
虫螨腈Chlorfenapyr	0.03		0.100	0.240 0	0.110	0.03	0.001 0	2.574
多效唑Paclobutrazol	0.10		0.011	0.010 0	0.048	—	0.0003	—

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