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25 May 2014, Volume 26 Issue 3 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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作物科学
园艺科学
作物科学
动物科学
园艺科学
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生物系统工程
植物保护
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作物科学

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Evolution of agronomic traits of waxy corn cultivars certified recently in Zhejiang Province LYU Guihua;XU Xiuhong;CHEN Jianjian;GUO Guojin* 2014, 26(3):  0-537542.  Abstract ( 737 )   PDF (1424KB) ( 1267 )   Twelve agronomic traits and 4 resistant traits of 42 waxy corn cultivars certified during 2000 to 2013 in Zhejiang Province were analyzed， and their evolutional analysis and correlations were also discussed. The results showed that the yield of waxy corn cultivars certified exhibited a significantly upward trend， with an average annual increase of 2259 kg·hm-2. Compared with the control， the growth period of cultivars delayed 0429 d annually. Amylose content showed a significantly downward trend， with an average annual decrease of 0048%. Single panicle weight rose significantly with an average annual increase of 455 g， and there was no significant difference in other agronomic traits such as growth period， plant height， ear height， ear length， ear diameter， number of lines per row， bald， and weight in the approved varieties among years. Further analysis indicated that the correlation coefficient of traits and yield was decreased in the order of ear length > growth period > single panicle weight > plant height > ear diameter > kernels per row > rows per ear > ear height > thousand seed weight > bald， and there was a significant positive correlation between single panicle weight， plant height， ear diameter， kernels per row and yield. For the high yield breeding of waxy corn varieties in Zhejiang Province， germplasm innovation was urgently needed， and efforts should be focused on the selection of ear length and ear diameter. The amylose content should be further reduced， and the growth period should be appropriately extended to achieve ideal yield． Related Articles | Metrics

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Inheritance of rice grain apparent traits and grain weight in rice LIU Jinbo;HU Wende;WANG Baoxiang;YANG Bo;FANG Zhaowei;QIN Derong;XU Dayong;* 2014, 26(3):  0-543548.  Abstract ( 301 )   PDF (1398KB) ( 1204 )   Grain traits were related with rice yield and quality. A better understanding toward the underlying inheritance basis of grain traits would guide molecular breeding. Based on the major genepolygene mixed inheritance model， we performed a genetic segregation analysis for the grain traits i.e. grain length， width and weight， with P1， P2， F1 and F2 in the cross of rice cv. 3012 and cv. Wantedali. The results showed that both grain length and grain width were controlled by one major gene with additivedominantepistatic effects plus polygene with additivedominantepistatic effects， while grain weight was regulated by 2 major genes with 2 additivedominantepistatic effects plus polygene with additivedominantepistatic effects. The inheritabilities of grain length and grain width were mainly dominated by polygene， while grain weight was dominated by major gene. For all the 3 grain traits studied， additive effects were principal． Related Articles | Metrics

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Studies on ridge plowing ways of spring sweet potato SHEN Shengfa;WU Liehong;LI Bing 2014, 26(3):  0-549555.  Abstract ( 282 )   PDF (1349KB) ( 1015 )   In the present study， the influence of different ridge modes including single ridge (SR)， wide ridge for double rows (WR) and wide ridge gashed for double rows (WRG) on the growth and dry matteraccumulation of sweet potato were compared， to provide references for the mechanized production. It was shown that shoot growth under SR and WR were unimodal and bimodal， respectively， while the growth under WRG was steady. The growth and dry matter accumulation of root tuber of sweet potato cv. Xushu22 showed a synchronous effect with the shoot growth. The changes of T/R value were reasonable， and there was no significant difference of yields among the 3 ridge sowing ways. For cv. Zheshu20， the growth and dry matter accumulation of root tuber exhibited a lageffect on shoot growth. Under SR， the earlier growth peak of shoot provided basis for the later growth and dry matter accumulation in root tuber， and thus was beneficial for the high yield production. However， the earlier growth deficiency under WR and WRG hindered the successive growth and dry matter accumulation in root tuber， and consequently was adverse for the high yield production. It was concluded that cv. Xushu22 could be cultivated by SR， WR and WRG， while SR is the best way for mechanized production of cv. Zheshu20. But, if cv. Zheshu20 was cultivated as spring edible variety for early harvest， WR would be the best choice． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different sowing time on the carbonnitrogen metabolism and yield of soybean cultivars with different maturity under relaycropping pattern WANG Zhu;YANG Wenyu 2014, 26(3):  0-556563.  Abstract ( 469 )   PDF (1403KB) ( 1013 )   The effects of different sowing time on the carbonnitrogen metabolism and yield of soybean cultivars with different maturity under wheatmaizesoybean planting pattern were studied. The results showed that early sowing caused reduction in the yields of three soybean cultivars; late sowing caused increase in the yield of earlymaturing variety (Zhechun No.3); sowing at earlymid June increased the yield of midmaturing variety(Ledou No.1) and the latematuring cultivar (Gongxuan No.1). The highest yield was obtained from Gongxuan No.1 in three soybean cultivars. The growth period of the latematuring cultivar (Gongxuan No.1) was the longest， and its symbiotic period of reproductive growth with maize could be shortened by adjusting sowing time， which could reduce the effect of shading stress on soybean during early growth stage and prolong soybeans single growth period. So the contents of soluble sugar， starch， nitrogen in leaf and stem， the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS) and glutamine synthetase(GS) in leaf were at a high level at each stage. Moreover， the change trend of carbonnitrogen metabolism in soybean plants was beneficial for high yield. In conclusion， the optimum combination of this experiment was Gongxuan No.1 and the sowing time from 15th June to 22nd June． Related Articles | Metrics

园艺科学

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Storage methods of 12 species of lilac (Syringa L.) pollen LIU Qian;XU Jin;SHI Yin;MENG Xin;LIU Yan;* 2014, 26(3):  0-615620.  Abstract ( 288 )   PDF (1880KB) ( 1243 )   Lilac (Syringa L.) are important garden plants with abundant species in China. The research on the pollen preservation of lilac is of significant meanings for germplasm conservation and hybridization breeding. The germination of 12 species of fresh lilac pollen preserved in room temperature (25℃)， refrigerator (4℃) and liquid nitrogen (LN2，-196℃) were determinate respectively after different storage time. The results demonstrated that the 11 species of lilac pollen preserved at 25℃ can be preserved for 7 d， and 5 species of them can survive after 30 d. Whereas， 12 species of lilac pollen preserved at 4℃ can be preserved for as long as 30 d， but only S. villosaand and S. oblata were alive after 180 d， and the germination rate (219% and 150%， respectively) was significantly lower than the fresh pollen. In contrast， under-196℃， 11 species of lilac pollen can be preserved for 180 d， and there were no significant difference from the fresh pollen in germination rate． Related Articles | Metrics

作物科学

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Effects of sowing date， seedling age and nitrogen application on the yield and production characteristics of hybrid japonica rice Chunyou 84 HU Gulang;XUE Zhankui;YAN Chuan;FANG Yuwei;WANG Xueqin;DING Xianghai;* 2014, 26(3):  0-564569.  Abstract ( 283 )   PDF (1321KB) ( 979 )   Field experiment was conducted using Chunyou 84 (Oryza sativa，japonica) with five sowing dates (May 10th，20th，30th and June 9th，19th)， five seedling age(20，25，30，35 d and 40 d) and nitrogen fertilizer levels (1500， 1875， 2250， 2625 and 3000 kg N·hm-2) to study the effects of different sowing dates， seedling age and nitrogen rates on cumulative rates of dry matter，main agronomic characters and yields. The objective of the experiment is to clarify the related highyield cultivation techniques of hybrid japonica rice Chunyou 84 in Jinhua and provide technical support and theoretical basis for highyield cultivation. The results showed that along with the delaying of sowing dates， the growth process of Chunyou 84 was correspondingly delayed， growth stages were significantly shortened. The yield of Chunyou 84 was the highest when the sowing date was on May 10th， the decreasing range of yield increased with the delaying of sowing date. The yield of Chunyou 84 was the highest when the seedling age was 20 d， the yield remarkably declined after the seedling age of 25 d. When the seedling age increased， the spikelets number per panicle and the number of effective panicles of Chunyou 84 decreased. The dry matter distribution in panicles significantly declined as the increasing of nitrogen application at the maturity stage. The results indicated that the N4 treatment got less dry matter distribution in panicles and yield than the N3 treatment， which indicated that excessive nitrogen application was not helpful for raising the grain field.The reasonable sowing date for Chunyou 84 as single cropping late rice was May 10th-20th，proper early sowing date was helpful for raising the yield. The optimal seedling age that Chunyou 84 can get higher yield was in the range of 20-25 d， the yield significantly decreased after the seedling age of 25 d. The optimal N application for Chunyou 84 was 2625 kg N·hm-2， the excessive N application decreased the yield． Related Articles | Metrics

动物科学

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Effect of coated sodium butyrate on intestinal mucosa morphology and digestive enzyme activities in meat duck JIA Feng;LIU Yan;WEI Qiang;XIAO Chenwen;JI Quanan;LI Ke;BAO Guolian;* 2014, 26(3):  0-570575.  Abstract ( 295 )   PDF (2861KB) ( 1019 )   The effect of coated sodium butyrate (CSB) on intestinal mucosa morphology and digestive enzyme activities in Beijing duck were evaluated in this study. Two hundred and forty onedayold Beijing ducks were randomly divided into four groups with four replicates. The dietary treatments were as follows: basal diet， basal+500 g·t-1 CSB， basal+1 000 g·t-1 CSB and basal+40 g·t-1 zinc bacitracin. On the day 21 and day 42， two ducks of each replicate were selected and villous lengths and crypt depths of duodenum， jejunum and ileum were measured， based on which V/C ratio were calculated. Meanwhile， digestive enzyme activities in the duodenum contents were measured. It showed that addition of CSB could obviously improve the villous length and crypt depth of duodenal compared with control and antibiotic group; addition of 1 000 g·t-1 CSB could increase the height of jejunal villous and decrease the depth of crypt significantly (P<005)， the intestinal mucosa morphology of 1 000 g·t-1 group was better than that of 500 g·t-1 group. At the same time， CSB could improve activity of lipase in the duodenum (P<005). In conclusion， CSB in dietary could effectively improve the intestinal mucosa morphology， increase lipase activity and enhance intestinal health in Beijing duck． Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of rapid loopmediated isothermal amplification method for detection of avian influenza virus WANG Chenyu;HU Jingdong;SHI Yuying;SONG Minxun;*;ZHANG Hexiao;* 2014, 26(3):  0-576580.  Abstract ( 253 )   PDF (1691KB) ( 1060 )   With reference to the matrix protein gene of Avian Influenza Virus(AIV)， we designed two pairs of primers to specifically recognize its six different sites， and established the Loopmediated Isothermal Amplification Reaction (LAMP) method based on the determined color. With different avian viruses tested， the results showed that the method only specifically detected AIV (H9 and H5 subtype) nucleic acids， and the detection limit for AIV was 10 EID50. We also detected the samples for artificial infections and discovered that the coincidence rate of LAMP to the virus isolation was 967%. The experimental data demonstrated that the established methods were specific， sensitive， and simple， which had great potential for clinical application． Related Articles | Metrics

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Genotyping and clinical detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus during 2010-2013 in Zhejiang Province DU Xiaoli;WANG Yicheng;*;WU Run;XU Lihua;YUAN Xiufang;LI Junxing;ZHOU Xiaoli; 2014, 26(3):  0-581587.  Abstract ( 364 )   PDF (2592KB) ( 1091 )   Since 2010， porcine epidemic diarrhea in newborn piglets seriously outbroke in most parts of China and caused huge economic losses to the pig industry. For the analysis of epidemic and genetic variation of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in Zhejiang Province， PEDV in clinical samples collected during 2010-2013 was detected by RTPCR based on Nterminal of S gene， and fragments of 41 sequences were analyzed for variation of S1 gene. The results showed that the PEDV clinical detection rate increased from 4286% in 2010 to over 70% in 2013. The detection rate was significantly lower in July and August and was more than 50% across Zhejiang province. Sequencing analysis showed that the S gene of clinical detected strains were heterogenous with that of PEDV CV777， indicating that the current epidemic strain probably makes a new genotype and the mutation of PEDVS1 gene may be the reason for low immune protection of the existing CV777 strain vaccine． Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the productive performance of two lines of Yandang native chicken parental generation WU Chunqin;ZHAO Yan;DONG Liyan;GAN Xiantong;GAN Fangben 2014, 26(3):  0-588591.  Abstract ( 252 )   PDF (1304KB) ( 1006 )   The laying performance， hatching performance and egg quality of Yandang native chicken parental generation of two lines were measured in a 365 day experiment. The reproductive performance was also analyzed in this paper. The result was that，forⅠline， the annual egg yield was 220， the average egg weight was 4642 g， the egg shape index was 129， the average egg laying rate in a laying year was 6027%， the egg fertilization rate was 923%， the hatching rate of fertilized egg was 932%. For Ⅱ line， the annual egg yield was 217， the average egg weight was 4532 g， the egg shape index was 125， the average egg laying rate in a laying year was 5945%， the egg fertilization rate was 916%， the hatching rate of fertilized egg was 919%. Reproductive performance difference between the two lines was not significant. Compared with other species， the laying performance of Yandang native chicken was significantly lower than that of specialized lines， but slightly higher than that of Lingkun chicken and Xianju chicken， which belong to the similar type of species. And the egg quality and hatching performance were all at a high level. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different thawing methods on quality of buckwheat “wantuo” PENG Dengfeng;CHAI Chunxiang*;ZHANG Kunsheng;WANG Wei 2014, 26(3):  0-592597.  Abstract ( 401 )   PDF (1583KB) ( 1039 )   “Wantuo” is a special snack in Shanxi Province. In order to find a suitable thawing method for the frozen buckwheat “wantuo”， the influence of 4 thawing methods， including microwave thawing， ultrahigh pressure thawing， vacuum thawing and natural air thawing， on the quality of buckwheat “wantuo” was studied. It was shown that it cost the longest thawing time by natural air thawing， and the colony number was the highest after thawing. The thawing time was shortened by vacuum thawing than natural air thawing. But compared with control， the sensory score of “wantuo” after vacuum thawing was lower， as the hardness increased and the chewiness went bad. After ultrahigh pressure thawing， the colony number was the least. However， the sensory score of “wantuo” decreased as compared with control. The hardness increased and thus decreased the flavor of “wantuo”. Among all the tested thawing methods， it cost the shortest time by microwave thawing， and there was no significant difference in the quality from the control. The colony number after thawing was acceptable. Thus， microwave thawing was the most suitable thawing method for buckwheat “wantuo” to maintain its special flavor. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on external bacteriostasis tests of Chinese herbal medicine against avian E.coli and their antibacterial effects ZHANG Hui;QIN Zhihua;ZOU Ming;SHAN Hu;ZHANG Qidi* 2014, 26(3):  0-598602.  Abstract ( 350 )   PDF (1318KB) ( 972 )   In order to study the inhibitory effect of 10 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine including honeysuckle， folium isatidis against avian E. coli in vitro， an external bacteriostasis experiment was conducted for the 10 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine by using concurrently the KirbyBauer method and punch method， then a better method for inhibitory test was selected， and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of the highly sensitive Chinese herbal medicine against avian E. coli was determined. The results showed that bacteriostasis circle size of two methods showed significant differences (P≤005) except for the licorice， heavy flooror， and showed extremely significant differences (P＜001)for honeysuckle， cortex phellodendri， cyrtomium rhizome， rhizoma coptidis among them，which indicated that the KirbyBauer method was better. The bacteriostasis diameter of honeysuckle and coptis were larger among the10 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine， which were (1510±001) mm， (1602±001) mm respectively， belonging to the high sensitivity. The MIC of the honeysuckle and coptis were 625 mg·mL-1， 3125 mg·mL-1， MBC were 125 mg·mL-1， 625 mg·mL-1. The KirbyBauer method was the best in vitro bacteriostasis test method， the best bacteriostasis effect of 10 kinds of Chinese herbal medicine against avian E.coli were honeysuckle and coptis． Related Articles | Metrics

园艺科学

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Effects of NAA on physiological indexes of Caryota obtusa seedlings under variable temperature stress Ruan Zhiping; 2014, 26(3):  0-609614.  Abstract ( 251 )   PDF (1504KB) ( 936 )   The effects of naphthalene acetic acid(NAA)on the cold tolerance of Caryota obtusa seedlings were conducted by several physiological indexes， The leaves of C. obtusa were sprayed with 0， 25， 50 and 100 mg·L-1 NAA solutions， the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD)， peroxidase (POD)， and the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA)， proline， soluble protein and chlorophyll of C. obtusa were determined under 25℃， 5℃ and 25℃. It was indicated that all the above physiological indexes varied with different concentrations of NAA. Subordinate function values for different concentrations of NAA at 25℃ were 039，030，039 and 051， respectively. It was concluded that leaves sprayed with different concentrations of NAA could affect the cold tolerance of C.obtusa seedlings and the optimal concentration was 100 mg·L-1. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different proportions of red and blue light on seed germination and seedling growth of lettuce SUN Hongzhu;WANG Hong;SHEN Jianhua;GUO Shirong;ZHU Weimin;*;XU Shuang 2014, 26(3):  0-603608.  Abstract ( 544 )   PDF (1390KB) ( 1651 )   The study investigated the effects of light qualities on seed germination and seedling growth of lettuce. Plants were grown under six different combinations of red and blue light (2R/1B， 4R/1B， 8R/1B， 1R/2B， 1R/4B， 1R/8B). The results showed that different light qualities had different influences on seed germination and seedling growth of lettuce. The combination of red (R) and blue (B) lights based on red promoted seed germination obviously， and the germination potential， germination index and vigor index under these treatments were significantly higher than those of control. Compared with seedlings grown under white light， the mixture of blue and red light promoted the morphogenesis， root activity， content of leaf pigment and chlorophyll fluorescence of lettuce seedlings. Furthermore， the promoting effects under the RB lights based on red were better than those of treatments based on blue. The combination of 2R/1B and 4R/1B were better than the combination of 8B/1R on promoting seed germination and seedling growth in lettuce. These results indicated that light quality significantly affected the seed germination and seedling growth of lettuce， and the treatments of 2R/1B and 4R/1B showed more superiority than others． Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of different detoxification methods on three Dahlia virus YANG Ting;CUI Zhigang;CHEN Duanfen;* 2014, 26(3):  0-621625.  Abstract ( 281 )   PDF (1632KB) ( 1050 )   In order to improve the detoxification technology of Dahlia pinnata， acquire highquality virusfree seedlings， Dahlia pinnata infected with dahlia mosaic virus (DMV)， cucumber mosaic virus (CMVD2) and tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were used as experimental material， the effects of heat treatment， chemical treatment methods combined with stem tip culture on detoxification were studied in this paper. The results of enzymelinked immunoassay (ELISA) showed that stem tip in combination with heat treatment could effectively remove the DMV and CMVD2， and virusfree rate was 747% and 669% respectively， but it could not remove TMV effectively， while the removal rate of three kinds of viruses was 106%. Stem tip method combined with chemical treatment could effectively remove the DMV， CMVD2 and TMV， and virusfree rate was 831%， 805% and 771% respectively， while virusfree rate of all the three was 243%． Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of pelargonidin 3Oglucoside in strawberry by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography RONG Ningning;MIAO Lixiang;YANG Xiaofang;ZHANG Yuchao;CHENG Jianhui;CHEN Junwei;JIANG Guihua;* 2014, 26(3):  0-626631.  Abstract ( 279 )   PDF (1328KB) ( 1013 )   In order to detect the content of pelargonidin 3Oglucoside in strawberry， a new method using reversed phase HPLC was established. The HPLC system consisted of a Waters 1525 Binary Pump and a Waters 2487 dual λ absorbance detector under the control of Breeze software. The volume of 20 μL was injected onto a symmetry C18 column(5 μm， 46 mm×150 mm， Waters)with a symmetry C18 security guard column (5 μm， 39 mm×20 mm) at a flow rate of 1 mL·min-1. The mobile phase was composed of 10% aqueous formic acid water (A) and acetonitrile (B). A linear gradient was performed as follows: 0-20% B (0-13 min)， 20%-40% B (13-20 min)， 40%-0 B (20-25 min). The column temperature was set at 25℃ and the anthocyanin components were detected at 520 nm. The standard working curve had a good linear relationship in the concentration ranged from 025-20 μg·mL-1， the linear equation was y=71859x+13792 and the related coefficient was 0993. The recoveries were 9829%-10269% and the relatively standard deviation was 303. This method is simple, fast， exact， steady and suitable to detect the content of pelargonidin 3Oglucoside in strawberry and other plants． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of container growing on growth， development， dry matter accumulation and distribution of herbaceous peony SUN Xiaomei;SHANG Panpan;ZHAO Lin;ZHANG Jia;LIU Yan*;ZHAO Zhiqin 2014, 26(3):  0-632637.  Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (1345KB) ( 926 )   The aim of this study was to explore the effect of container growing on herbaceous peony, so as to provide the theory basis for the cultivation and management of containerraised peony. The growth， development， dry matter accumulation and distribution of containerraised Paeonia lactiflora ‘Lan Hai Bi Bo were investigated in 5 different growthstages including stem and leaf growth stage， flower bud formation stage， fullbloom stage， root and bud growth stage and withering stage， and the plants in field were used as the control. The results showed that: There was a significant difference in canopy width， compound leaf number， shoot number and flower number per plant between the treatment and the control， which increased by 101%， 920%， 606% and 667%, respectively, than the control. Moreover， container growing significantly prolonged the vegetative period of peony by 35 days. The dry matter accumulation of whole plant， roots， fibrous roots， stems and flowers of containergrown seedlings were all higher than the control， which were 139 times， 137times， 163 times， 109 times and 190 times, respectively, of the control. The dry matter accumulation of leaves was slightly lower than the control， which was 9504% of control. Container growing had no significant effect on dry matter distribution rate of vegetative organs; however， it was obviously beneficial for dry matter accumulation in flowers and fruits. The dry matter distribution rate of flowers and fruits were 130 times and 163 times of the control, respectively. Therefore， the growth of Paeonia lactiflora ‘Lan Hai Bi Bo in the first year in container growing system was increased than the control. It had more dry matter accumulation， compact plants, and its flower production， ornamental time were better than the control. Container growing is helpful to get higher quality peony products， which is beneficial for the commodity development of herbaceous peony. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study of medicinal plant Epimedium brevicornum Maxim and platelet effects on chondrocyte proliferation ZHANG Lei;CHENG Yu;JIN Wangdong;WANG Piaoyi;SHAN Letian;* 2014, 26(3):  0-680684.  Abstract ( 274 )   PDF (1380KB) ( 948 )   To observe the proliferative effects of Epimedium brevicornum Maxim and plateletrich plasma (PRP)， respectively， on SD rat chondrocyte， and to explore their synergic effect between each other, in vitro chondrocyte culter system was established using 3weekold SD rat knee cartilage. MTT and flow cytometry assays were adopted to test the chondrocyte prolifereation. Results: （1） PRP has significant proliferative effect on chondrocyte (P<001); （2） Epimedium brevicornum Maxim has a bit proliferative effect on chondrocyte; （3） Epimedium brevicornum Maxim combined with PRP has inhibitory effect on chondrocyte (P<001). Epimedium brevicornum Maxim combined PRP has inhibitory effect on chondrocyte (P<001)， deducing that some components in Epimedium brevicornum Maxim inhibited PRP growth factors and then decrease PRP activity. The conclusion needs further investigation． Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of flow cytometry method suitable for identification of strawberry ploidy WANG Shuzhen;ZHOU Liping;RUAN Songlin;LAI Wenguo;MA Huasheng;TONG Jianxin 2014, 26(3):  0-638642.  Abstract ( 322 )   PDF (1904KB) ( 959 )   Effect of three kinds of extraction buffers on preparation of strawberry nuclei suspension flow cytometry of Hongjia， Chuanjiu No.1 and Jilin was investigated. The results showed that extraction bufferⅢ had clear and focused peak particle， little background debris， simple and easytoprepare formula and apparent differences distinguished among three kinds of strawberries materials， which was better than the other two kinds of extraction buffers. Comparison of testing effect on strawberry Hongjia materials with different parts or different sources was performed. Detecting effects of plantlets were superior to field testing materials. Leaves of plantlets were the best test materials due to easy material availability， clear peak， less miscellaneous peak and less cellular debris． Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of RAPDPCR conditions for a rare and endangered bamboo of Drepanostachyum luodianense LIU Jiming;WANG Min;YAN Guohua;ZHAO Xiaopeng;WEN Ping;CHI Xin;YAN Qiang;LI Peng 2014, 26(3):  0-667674.  Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (1762KB) ( 881 )   The Drepanostachyum luodianense RAPDPCR reaction system was optimized for the analysis of genetic variation and structure of D. luodianense. The genomic DNA of D. luodianense was extracted by improved CTAB method. Then， both single factor test and orthogonal design were applied to study the effects of main factors on the RAPDPCR system for D. luodianense, in which the main factors included the concentration of dNTPs， primers and Mg2+. The content of template DNA and Taq DNA polymerase and an optimal 20 μL RAPDPCR reaction system for D. luodianense was established， including 1/10 volume 10×PCR buffer， 100 μmol·L-1 dNTPs， 30 ng template DNA， 10 U Taq DNA polymerase， 02 μmol·L-1 primers and 150 mmol·L-1 Mg2+. The optimized reaction program was initially at 94℃ for 5 min， followed by 35 cycles at 94℃ for 1 min， at 35℃ for 30 s， at 72℃ for 90 s， and then held at 72℃ for 7 min， and finally kept at 4℃． Related Articles | Metrics

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Absorption and distribution of nitrogen，phosphorus and potassium in tulip XIA Wentong;LIU Yan;*;LIU Haipeng 2014, 26(3):  0-643648.  Abstract ( 267 )   PDF (1643KB) ( 1063 )   To reveal the rules of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium absorption and distribution and explore the mechanism of bulb development， the dry weight and the content of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium in tulip was investigated during its growth periods under cultivation conditions. According to the growth characteristics， the whole growth and development process of tulip was divided into four phases. StageⅠis the main growing period for roots with lower nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium nutrient absorption amount. StageⅡ is the main growing period for stem and leaves with higher absorption amount of nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium nutrient， especially nitrogen. Stage Ⅲ is flowering period and the uptake percentage of potassium reach the peak of the whole growth period. In the first three stages， all of the nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium nutrient were mainly from mother bulb. Stage Ⅳ is the main period for the daughter bulb growing and requiring more nutrients. In conclusion， we recommend that sufficient nitrogen should been provided around the whole growth and development process， and additional potassium should been provided in later floral period of stage Ⅱ， so as to ensure the flower quality and the growth of daughter bulbs of tulip. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of CO2 concentration and irradiance on the growth of Sargassum horneri (Phaeophyceae) in Nanji Archipelago BAO Nanou;SHI Dinggang;GUAN Wanchun;*;SUN Min;ZHANG Peng;PENG Xin;WANG Tiegan;CHEN Shaobo;QIU Jianbiao 2014, 26(3):  0-649655.  Abstract ( 316 )   PDF (1418KB) ( 984 )   Sargassum horneri(Turner) C. Agardh， one of the common macroalgae along the coast of Zhejiang Province， plays an important role in the marine ecosystem. Because of the environmental deterioration within decade years， S. horneri beds along the Nanji Archipelago had been degenerated. Therefore， to study the degenerated mechanism of S. horneri is the key point to keep littoral ecosystem balance and restore the macroalgae beds. In this study， we investigated the effect of two irradiance levels (low light， LL: 40-50 μmol·m-2·s-1; high light， HL: 100-110 μmol·m-2·s-1) and two CO2 concentrations (low CO2， LC: 076 μg·L-1; high CO2， HC: 196 μg·L-1) on the growth of S. horneri， in order to detect the response of this species to HL and HC. The results showed that the relative growth rate (RGR) of S. horneri in HL was 180%·d-1， 21 times of that grown in LC (085%·d-1). The RGRs were 289%·d-1 in HC and 249%·d-1 in LC， respectively， and the former was 116 times of the latter. Both the height of thalli and the number of leaves in treatments of HC and HL was higher than LC and LL， respectively， but the Chla contents were higher in LC and LL than in HC and HL， respectively． Related Articles | Metrics

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Prediction and analysis of flowering related genes RFLCs in Raphanus species GUO Jun;ZU Yanxia;WU Yongcheng;ZHENG Jiaqiu;MEI Yi 2014, 26(3):  0-656660.  Abstract ( 284 )   PDF (1884KB) ( 919 )   FLC (FLOWERING LOCUS C) in Raphanus species were identified using data mining method from Raphanus EST database. The full length CDS sequence of Arabidopsis thaliana vernalization pathway key gene FLC was used as reference to search the homologous ESTs in Raphanus EST database. Sequences with Score ≥100， Evalue ≤10-10 and coverage ≥70% were considered as the candidate FLCgenelike ESTs， which were assembled and annotated in the following analysis. The results showed that 70 FLCgenelike ESTs were identified in Raphanus， and four FLC candidate genes (RsFLCa， RsFLCb， RrFLCa and RrFLCb) were predicted， among which RsFLCa and RsFLCb were originated from Raphanus sativus， and the other two were originated from Raphanus raphanistrum. The homologous FLC genes in Raphanus and Arabidopsis thaliana shared 787%-869% nucleotide sequence identity， and paralogs FLC genes in Raphanus shared 759%-934% nucleotide sequence identity. Identities of FLC orthologs between Raphanus and Brassica were more than 85%， which was higher than that between Raphanus and A. thaliana. Moreover， phylogenetic analysis suggested that multicopy of FLC genes in Raphanus may be corresponded with genome polyploidy of Raphanus spieces， which was similar to that of FLC genes in Brassica species． Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation on germplasm resources of six Fritillaria in Xinjiang and their landscape application HAO Lihong;TANG Zhengjiao;YU Xiaonan;* 2014, 26(3):  0-661666.  Abstract ( 349 )   PDF (2068KB) ( 1022 )   The genus Fritillaria is a kind of bulb flower with high developmental potential， whose concentrated distribution area is Xinjiang. Investigation on germplasm resources of fritillary had been carried out in the area of Tacheng， Xinjiang Province. Six wild fritillaries species (varieties) were collected in this survey. They are Fritillaria tortifolia， F.yuminensis， F.albidoflora， F.meleagroides， F.pallidiflora and F.walujewii. The growth environment distribution and main biological characters of fritillary in the area of Tacheng had been studied， and their landscape application had been analyzed. In addition， the protection and utilization methods for wild Fritillaria resources in the region were put forward． Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary study on propagation of Chirita ‘Kazu by leaf cutting LI Qiansheng;QU Jiaying;SHEN Danfeng;YE Xiaobo;DENG Min;* 2014, 26(3):  0-675679.  Abstract ( 362 )   PDF (1459KB) ( 1057 )   Chirita ‘Kazu is a horticulture hybrid cultivar of genus Chirita. It has high ornamental value both on the flower and foliage. This plant has not been commercially cultivated in China. Propagation efficiency of Chirita ‘Kazu by different leaf cutting types and cutting substrates was investigated. The results showed that the rooting rates of all leaf cutting types were high， from 867% to 100% of the whole leaf cutting. Rooting initiation and adventitious buds emergence were affected by the cutting types and substrate formulas. Both the root initiation and adventitious shoot emergence of the upper segments without petiole were earlier than that of the lower part with petiole. The cutting type and substrate formula also affected the number of adventitious buds. The upper segments of leaf cutting with large cutting edges produced more adventitious buds. In spring， each leaf can produce up to 64 plantlets by the two segments cutting. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning and analysis of rDNA ITS sequences from Dendrobium plants JIN Jianfeng;ZHU Simei;JIANG Ming*;LIN Mengmeng;HUANG Xiaomei;HE Meiyun 2014, 26(3):  0-685692.  Abstract ( 293 )   PDF (4242KB) ( 1013 )   In the present study， ITS sequences were cloned from 24 Dendrobium plants， and were analyzed by bioinformatics software to provide evidences for molecular identification and genetic diversity study. The full ITS sequences of 24 plants ranged from 634-646 bp in length. Sequences of 58S were conserved with the same length of 164 bp， while ITS1 and ITS2 were more variable with lengths of 226-235 bp and 241-247 bp， respectively. Variable sites were rich in ITS1 and ITS2 sequences， as there were 176 and 166 variable sites with 114 and 104 parsimony information sites， respectively， and many transitions， transversions， and deletions/insertions were observed. However， 58S sequences were more conserved， and there were 36 variable sites and 16 parsimony information sites. It was shown that ITS sequences could be used to distinguish all 24 Dendrobium plants studied here. The genetic distance of 24 Dendrobium plants ranged from 0007 to 0302. The smallest genetic distance was observed between D. chrysotoxum and D. chrysotoxum var. suavissimum revealing their closest relationship， while the largest genetic distance was determined between D. hookerianum and D. capillipes uncovering their distinct relationship. Related Articles | Metrics

植物保护

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Subcellular localization of rice resistance genes to bacterial blight CHEN Bin;LI Dongyue;WANG Xuming;ZHOU Jie;YAN Chengqi;CHEN Jianping;* 2014, 26(3):  0-693701.  Abstract ( 315 )   PDF (3758KB) ( 1055 )   The subcellular localization of rice bacterial blight related genes were examined to provide important information for the study of gene function. Eighteen candidate genes which potentially associated with bacterial blight resistance were selected from Y73 by using gene chip, semiquantitative/quantitative PCR and function annotation. These candidate genes were fused with green fluorescent marker (sGFP) and subcellular localization of their products in tobacco leaf cells. Four genes combined with sGFP were found mainly located in the cell nucleus, showing the typical characteristics of transcription factors; Four genes were found mainly located in the plasma membrane, indicating their potential functions of maintaining the stability of the cell membrane or in transport control on cell membrane; Four genes were simultaneously located in both cell nucleus and the plasma membrane and there was no apparent subcellular localization signal for the remaining 6 genes combined with sGFP. Related Articles | Metrics

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Diversity research on Rhizoctonia solani isolated from Zhejiang Province using sequence analysis of 58S rDNAITS interval QIU Haiping;MAO Xueqin;JIANG Hua;WANG Yanli;SUN Guochang;* 2014, 26(3):  0-702707.  Abstract ( 398 )   PDF (1528KB) ( 892 )   Eightytwo R. solani strains and 13 standard anastomosis group strains were used in the sequence analysis of 58S rDNAITS (ITS) interval. The differences in sequences of ITS interval among anastomosis group strains were much larger than that among the AG1IA strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the differences in sequences of ITS interval could effectively distinguish strains from different anastomosis groups. But when the strains belonging to the same anastomosis group were concerned， the usage of the differences in sequences of ITS interval was quite limited. Haplotype analysis showed that 82 rice strains could be divided into 10 haplotypes． Haplotype diversity (Hd) of these field isolates was 02087， and the total nucleotide diversity was 000033. H1 was the dominant haplotype， accounting for 878% of all strains， while each of the other nine haplotypes only contained one strain. Neutral test results showed that Tajimas D test value was　-226012 (P<001) and Fu and Lis D test value was -520827 (P<002)， implying that rice sheath blight strains might significantly deviate from neutral equilibrium hypothesis that the R. solani population may be under expansion in the history under strong selection pressure． Related Articles | Metrics

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Rootlesion nematode，Pratylenchus hippeastri，on Acer plmatum imported from Japan CHEN Wujian;BIAN Yong;WU Rong;LIN Xiaojia;ZHANG MINGzhe;WU Zhiyi;WU Yang;WU XUyao;CHEN Xi 2014, 26(3):  0-708713.  Abstract ( 335 )   PDF (1645KB) ( 1116 )   One Pratylenchus population was collected in the roots and growing media of Acer plmatum imported from Japan by plant quarantine lab of Zhejiang entryexit inspection and Quarantine Bureau，China. A rich community of female and larvae in this population were detected， but no male was found. Morphological and molecular identification confirmed that this population on Acer plmatum Thunb imported from Japan was Pratylenchus hippeastri. The distribution of P. hippeastri in China has not been reported; therefore it is quarantine nematode in China(Pratylenchus nonChinese species) which was firstly intercepted in China Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the feeding behavior of western flower thrips， Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on four host plants by electrical penetration graph ZHANG Yuxiu;ZHANG Zhijun;LYU Yaobin;* 2014, 26(3):  0-714721.  Abstract ( 349 )   PDF (1738KB) ( 1011 )   The objective of this research was to study the relationship between the feeding behavior and the suitability of host plants for Frankliniella occidentalis， and was to demonstrate the difference of feeding behavior for males and females on the same host plant. The feeding behaviors for western flower thrips(WFT) on tomato， pepper， stramonium and petunia were recorded using the direct current electrical penetration graph (DCEPG). The results showed as follows: (1) The noningestion probes for WFT on pepper were significantly less than that on other host plants. The number of noningestion probes for females on pepper， tomato， stramonium and petunia was 2311， 3289， 3610 and 3044， respectively. The number of noningestion probes for males on pepper， tomato， stramonium and petunia was 1527， 2772， 2214 and 1968， respectively. Compared with tomato， the shortingestion probes for WFT was significantly greater on petunia. The number of shortingestion probes for females on tomato and petunia was 688 and 1444， respectively. The number of shortingestion probes for males on tomato and petunia was 159 and 809. The longingestion probes on petunia were less than that on other host plants. (2) The noningestion probes and shortingestion probes for females were more than those for males; however， the longingestion probe for males was more than that for females. The number and the duration of noningestion probes for females on petunia were 15 times of that for males. Compared with females， the number and duration of shortingestion probes for males was 4 times and 2 times of those for females on tomato， respectively. The number and the duration of longingestion probes for males were 2 times and 7 times of that for females on tomato， respectively. In conclusion， the feeding behavior of western flower thrips on host plants doesnt have close relation to the suitability of host plants． Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological characteristics and control techniques of Allomyrina dichotoma Linnaeus on Dendrobium candidum WANG Daoze;HONG Wenying;WU Yanjun;KE Hanyun 2014, 26(3):  0-722729.  Abstract ( 324 )   PDF (1372KB) ( 1092 )   In order to control the damage of Allomyrina dichotoma Linnaeus newly found on Dendrobium candidum， we studied the pests biological characteristics， regularity of outbreak and damage features. Based on the field efficacy trials， the best chemical control agents were selected. And combined with other control measures， a set of effective integrated control measures were summed up. A. dichotoma has only one generation a year， whose adults occurred from June to August and larvae had three instars in Hangzhou area. The third instar of larvae did the most damage and had the longest developmental duration for about 265-290 days. Adults are nocturnal and also have phototaxis， hygrophilous and chemotaxis. Bifenthrin·clothianidin granula had the best control efficacy of 907%， then followed by 04% chlorantraniliprole granula， and other biological and agricultural control methods showed a limited effect. Results of field efficacy trials and pesticide residue analysis showed that the pesticide residue of chlorantraniliprole granula was very low and safe enough for use， while that of bifenthrin·clothianidin granula was beyond EU MRLs even after 14 d， therefore the latter was suggested to be prolonged its chemical safety interval period. It is important to take integrated measures to control A. dichotoma． Related Articles | Metrics

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Multigeneration effect of Bt rice with cry1C and cry2A on survival， development and reproduction of nontarget pest Sogatella furcifera (Horvth) LIU Kai;YANG Yajun;*;TIAN Junce;XU Hongxing;ZHENG Xusong;LYU Zhongxian;* 2014, 26(3):  0-730735.  Abstract ( 327 )   PDF (1368KB) ( 1016 )   The assessment on the effect of Bt rice on nontarget arthropods is one of the important items in the ecological safety assessment of Bt rice. So far， many studies on the effect of Bt rice on nontarget insect pests were conducted. However， most of experiments were focus on the assessment for only one generation of nontarget organisms， which could not completely simulate the field condition. In present study， the nontarget pest， white backed planthopper (WBPH)， Sogatella furcifera(Horvth)， was successively reared on Bt rice varieties， T1C19 with cry1C gene and T2A1 with cry2A gene， and their parental rice MH63 for four generations and the multigeneration effects of Bt rice on survival， development and reproduction of WBPH were evaluated to assess the potential impact of Bt rice on WBPH. The results indicated that the nymph duration and survival rate， female adult weight， longevity and fecundity， and the egg hatchability of WBPH on Bt rice did not significantly differ from those on MH63 over four generations. It implies that T1C19 and T2A1 had no significant effect on nontarget pest WBPH． Related Articles | Metrics

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Studies on the biological characteristic and the control of Opogona sacchari in Zhejiang WU Rong;LIN Xiaojia;CHEN Youwu;CHEN Wujian;ZHANG Mingzhe;ZHONG Genxiu;CHEN Xi 2014, 26(3):  0-736741.  Abstract ( 306 )   PDF (1321KB) ( 968 )   Through the field investigation and the laboratory rearing， we found out Opogona sacchari in Zhejiang Province， located in Hangzhou， Wenzhou， Jiaxing， Quzhou， Taizhou， Zhoushan， Jinhua， Yiwu， Yongkang and other 46 cities and counties; host for Brazil， Holland iron， Hainan iron and other about 22 families and 74 species of plants. The larvae eat up and down within the plant cortex. When the hazard was light， partial of the tree was damaged; while the hazard was heavy， the entire cortex and xylem stakes were all gnawed away， and finally the whole plant died. We also find out Opogona saccharis biological characteristics in Zhejiang Province， which is 4 generations a year， couldnt pass the winter in the open fields but the larvae could overwinter in the soil of greenhouses， and it mate at noon and afternoon. By indoor toxicological test， we screened out two lowtoxic chemical pesticides—imidacloprid， abamectin and one biopesticide—BT to prevent Opogona sacchari. Moreover， this paper discussed the integrated control of Opogona sacchari. Related Articles | Metrics

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Subcellular immunolocalization of P2 protein encoded by Wheat yellow mosaic virus RNA2， using polyclonal antibody raised against prokaryotic expressed P2 fusion protein YANG Di;ZHOU Yanru;XIE Li;SUN Liying;CHEN Jianping;* 2014, 26(3):  0-742747.  Abstract ( 423 )   PDF (2189KB) ( 997 )   P2 gene of Wheat yellow mosaic virus(WYMV) was amplified by RTPCR from WYMV infected wheat leaves. Sequence analysis indicated that P2 gene constituted of 2 635 nts， encoding a protein of 875 aminoacids (AA) with estimated molecular weight of 72 kDa. Due to its large protein molecular weight， it is difficult to be expressed in prokaryotic expression system. Thus， 5′terminal and 3′terminal parts of P2 gene (1 kb each) were subcloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pMALC2X， respectively. Subsequently， the expressed MBPP2N and MBPP2C fusion protein were induced by IPTG in E.coli BL21 (DE3). The abundantly induced MBPP2C infusion protein then was purified， and the rabbit antiserum against to this protein was prepared. Experiments indicated that this antiserum can be used to detect the P2 protein in WYMV infected wheat leaves by Western blotting and immunogold labeling. It was shown that WYMV P2 protein was located in subcellular membranous body， indicating that this protein might be associated with membranederived inclusions． Related Articles | Metrics

生物系统工程

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Remote intelligent greenhouse control design based on STM32 WANG Dandan;ZONG Zhenhai;CHEN Huishan;JIAN Xingliang;* 2014, 26(3):  0-791796.  Abstract ( 656 )   PDF (2387KB) ( 1563 )   This paper designed a greenhouse intelligent control system of two levels monitoring model mainly based on STM32.One was basement control including environmental information collection and automatic control， and the other was remote control. Base monitoring supports environmental information realtime display， history query and change curve display， which can set the ideal growing environmental parameters by the friendly manmachine interface using the touch screen design. The system can make automatic control of greenhouse environment to serve the needs of crop growth， which was based on the set of environmental parameters and realtime acquisition of environmental information to control environmental control equipment. Remote monitoring control system adopted RS232 communication protocol with the base connection, and it had the function of parameters setting， realtime data display and historical query. The system also supported manual mode control in response to the sudden alarm control. Test analysis showed that the system of greenhouse environment monitoring has good practicability and reliability. Related Articles | Metrics

植物保护

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Effects of Pachypeltis sp. feeding on defense enzyme activities in Mikania micrantha leaves JI Mei;ZE Sangzi;*;ZHAO Ning;YANG Bin 2014, 26(3):  0-748751.  Abstract ( 275 )   PDF (1326KB) ( 1094 )   To study the effects of feeding by Pachypeltis sp. on the defense enzymes in Mikania micrantha， activities of three enzymes， peroxidase (POD)， polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and phenylalanine aminolyase (PAL)， were evaluated in M. micrantha leaves at time points of 12h， 24h， 48h and 96h postfeeding under laboratory conditions. The results showed that activities of POD and PAL decreased while PPO increased. At 48 h after feeding， POD and PAL activities of the treatment group decreased by 5191% and 7500% respectively， while that of the control group decreased by 3234% and 4986%. PPO activity of the treatment group increased by 37173%， while that of the control group increased by 12113%． Related Articles | Metrics

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The resistance evaluation of different kiwifruit varieties to canker SHI Zhijun;ZHANG Huiqin;XIAO Jinping;YANG Luqiong;SUN Zhiwei;XIE Ming;*;MA Yuan 2014, 26(3):  0-752759.  Abstract ( 471 )   PDF (1639KB) ( 1036 )   In this study， the infection effect of canker pathogens was determined by the inoculation of the branches of Hongyang kiwifruit in vitro under different pathogenicity，inoculation concentration，cultivation humidity，and inoculation methods.Then，the resistance of 24 kiwifruit varieties were evaluated.The result showed as follows: pathogens with high pathogenicity，high concentration，high humidity，and wound area of branch all had remarkable effect on the disease index of kiwifruit branches；Different kiwifruit varieties showed different resistance to canker.Among the branches of 24 varieties，White and Xuxiang showed high resistance; Miniwhite，Jinqui，Excellentgreenflesh(GHZ201201)and Maoxiong showed resistance；Dahong，Zaoxian，Zaoyan and Excellentyellowflesh(YHZ201201)showed highly susceptible characteristic.In addition，the potted seedlings of White，Bruno and Hongyang were inoculated with canker pathogens and the related physiological parameters between inoculated plants and control plants were measured. The result showed that the resistance rank of 3 varieties with potted seedlings was correspond to that with blanches in vitro.Enzymatic activity of kiwifruit varieties with different resistance had a linear relationship with their disease index.CAT enzyme activity in phloem of healthy plants had the highest relevancy(r=0999*)，and CAT enzyme activity of blades took the second place(r=0994*).Relevancies between disease index and POD enzyme activity of healthy plants phloem and blades were r=0979 and r=0969 respectively.The relevancy of SOD enzyme activity were r=-0924 and r=-0938.Soluble sugar，soluble starch and soluble protein also had a linear relation with disease index.Soluble protein had the highest relevancy with disease index of r=-0972 and r=-0962 in healthy plants phloem and blades.The relevancy between soluble sugar and disease index was r=-0934 and r=-0940.To sum up，the resistance of different varieties of kiwifruit to canker had a significant difference，and the activity of CAT，POD and SOD， as well as the content of soluble protein and soluble sugar could be used as the physiological index in the identification of kiwifruit resistance to canker． Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on population dynamics of beet armyworm in the suburbs of Linhai city， Zhejiang Province， China WANG Yongcai;WANG Enguo;WANG Huifu;* 2014, 26(3):  0-760763.  Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (1333KB) ( 926 )   In order to explore the occurrence characteristics and seasonal population variation of beet armyworm in suburb vegetable bases in Linhai city， population dynamics of beet armyworm was systematic monitoring using sex pheromone traps during 2002—2012. The results showed the trend of the beet armyworm population variations was in spiral wave curve from high to low， and annual outbreaking frequency was 455%. Seasonal population varied in a Wshape curve in general. First moth occurred in different years， from early April to early June. An early summer peak may appeared in early May， while a late autumn peak may appeared in early November in some years. The biggest population appeared arranging from early July to late August. The last moth appeared on early December generally. Amountclimate model indicated first moth appeared when average tenday temperature between 12-14℃， and above 18℃ the amount increased as the average tenday temperature increased till 30-32℃.This research could help to make better forecast and control decision for beet armyworm． Related Articles | Metrics

环境科学

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The fauna composition and species diversity of autumn and winter birds in Baoying Lake Wetlands MA Degao;*;SONG Danhong;*;ZHAO Qiang;**;PAN Da;WANG Xiao;CHEN Zhifang 2014, 26(3):  0-764769.  Abstract ( 283 )   PDF (1382KB) ( 966 )   Surveys of birds including residents and visitors in winter were conducted in Baoying Lake Wetlands in Yangzhou， Jiangsu Province during September 2012 to March 2013 by using the line transect methods. As a result， 56 species belonging to 11 orders， 28 families were recorded during the period of investigations. Of which， 31 species were residents， 19 species were winter migrants， and 6 species were passing migrants. The composition of avifauna comprised with 24 Palaearctic species， 20 oriental species and 12 widespread species in both regions， and was characterized by a transitional trait of both regions. Comparisons of diversity of the bird communities in Baoying Lake showed that the bird diversity in lakeshore habitat is higher than that in water area. It is closely related to the limited water area of Baoying Lake and excessive anthropogenic interference caused by aquaculture and fishing in the lake. Thus， for the regional conservation of wintering bird biodiversity， tradeoffs between satisfying legitimate human needs for freshwater and preserving as much biodiversity as possible are necessary. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of organic fertilizers on soil nutrients and enzyme activities of continuous cropping soil of asparagus bean LIU Shuxin;DING Fenghua;*;CHEN Weixiang;XU Guifen;CHENG Jie 2014, 26(3):  0-770774.  Abstract ( 332 )   PDF (2419KB) ( 1013 )   In order to study the effects of different fertilizers on soil nutrients and enzyme activities， the present study was conducted in the field， where asparagus bean was continuously planted for 3 years. It was shown that chemical fertilizers and organic manures could increase the content of soil organic matter， soil available nitrogen， phosphorus and potassium. Application of organic fertilizers could increase the soil pH， while chemical fertilizers significantly lowered soil pH. Compared with the control， organic fertilizers could increase the activity of the soil catalase， urease， polyphenol oxidase and sucrose， while the chemical fertilizer treatment decreased soil enzyme activity. In the harvest stage， soil enzyme activity reached the highest level， and the differences between the treatments were significant in this stage. Among all the fertilizers， the effect of chicken manure was the best， which was followed by pig manure. Related Articles | Metrics

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Current status and evolution trends of soil nutrients in the paddy soils in Zhejiang Province JI Xiaojiang;CHEN Yi;WU Chunyan;LI Chaoying;LI Yan;TANG Xu* 2014, 26(3):  0-775778.  Abstract ( 440 )   PDF (1666KB) ( 1005 )   The nutrient changes of 260 paddy soils sampled from Zhejiang province in 2009 were studied based on the soil nutrient data obtained from the Second National Soil Survey. The results showed that the value of soil pH decreased obviously after 25 years of continuous cropping. The ratio of paddy field at pH value of 551 to 650 decreased from 593% in 1984 to 223% in 2009. Moreover， the mean value of soil organic matter was decreased by 139%. However， the level of soil total nitrogen was higher. The content of availableP markedly increased， especially the ratio of paddy field with availableP content > 200 mg· kg-1 increased from 53% in 1984 to 250% in 2009. The mean value of availableK was decreased by 348%. The Kdeficiency of paddy fields is still very common in Zhejiang province． Related Articles | Metrics

食品科学

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Ultrasonic extraction process of amygdalin from bayberry thinning fruits kernels WANG Tao;XIA Qile;LU Shengmin;* 2014, 26(3):  0-779785.  Abstract ( 278 )   PDF (2238KB) ( 969 )   In order to clarify the extraction methods of amygdalin from bayberry thinning fruits kernels， the extraction process was studied using the bayberry(Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc. var. Ding ao) fruits by ultrasonic technology. Based on the singlefactor and 2level extraction experiment， a threefactor and threelevel experimental strategy was designed with the DesignExpert 80 software using the ethanol concentration， solidliquid ratio and the extraction temperature as the experimental factors and the extraction yield as response value. The predictable model of quadratic regression equation was obtained. The optimum extraction conditions were concluded as follows: ethanol concentration 27%， solidliquid ratio 1∶45 (m/V)， extraction time 20 min， extraction temperature 44℃， and ultrasonic power 250 W. In this condition， the predicted value of amygdalin extraction yield by the model was 9403%， which was in good agreement with the experimental value of 9380%． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of CO2 stress on membrane permeability of Pichia membranifaciens LIU Daqun;HUA Ying 2014, 26(3):  0-786790.  Abstract ( 295 )   PDF (1390KB) ( 1003 )   The effect of CO2 stress treatment on cell membrane permeability of Pichia membranaefaciens was studied， by measuring the conductivity， the concentration of nucleic acid， protein， and malondialdehyde(MDA)，and the fluorescence intensity before and after treatment. The results showed that the conductivity， the concentration of nucleic acid， protein， fluorescence intensity， and MDA content in the broth increased gradually after CO2 stress. The results indicated that CO2 stress caused the increasing membrane permeability of Pichia membranaefaciens， which might be an important cause of cell death． Related Articles | Metrics

农业经济与发展

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Study on factors influencing farmers adoption of lowcarbon technologies MI Songhua;HUANG Zuhui;*;ZHU Qibiao;HUANG Lili 2014, 26(3):  0-797804.  Abstract ( 395 )   PDF (1440KB) ( 1312 )   In this study， Logit and Poisson models were estimated to analyze the determinants of farmers adoption willingness and intensity of integrated mitigation technologies for ricebased cropping systems in China. It was shown that the awareness of climate change and technology demonstration would increase the adoption willingness and adoption intensity， respectively. Besides， extension services， access to credit and irrigation infrastructure were also associated with farmers adoption willingness and intensity of mitigation technologies. Based on these results， policy recommendations encouraging farmers adoption of new GHGs mitigation technologies are also discussed from above aspects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Estimation of rural residential land consolidation potential and zoning based on entropy evaluation: A case study of Hebi City ZHAO Suxia;ZHANG Xiaohu;HUANG Xiaodong 2014, 26(3):  0-805810.  Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (2139KB) ( 942 )   It is important to scientifically calculate the rural residential land consolidation potential， especially the realistic potential， for the development of rural residential renovation and construction of new rural communities. Based on entropy evaluation and clustering methods， the rural residential land consolidation potential and zoning of Hebi City was analyzed from 4 restrictive aspects including natural， social， economic and land factors. It was shown that the comprehensive compensation factor of reality land consolidation potential was 0438 7， and the coefficient of increased cultivated land was 2967%， indicating that the feasibility of turning theoretical land consolidation potential into reality was poor. The areas with the largest reality land consolidation potential located in the suburbs and main grain producing areas of Xunxian. These areas were plains with deep soil of high quality， and the natural restrictive factors were relatively few． Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on the typical resettlement mode of landlost peasants rights and interests safeguard SONG Jianhui;SUN Guoxing;*;WANG Kun 2014, 26(3):  0-811815.  Abstract ( 221 )   PDF (1313KB) ( 1044 )   The landlost peasants rights and interests safeguard has become a serious problem in process of urbanization. Based on the systematic summary and comprehensive comparison of land expropriation around the country， this paper summed up four kinds of typical resettlement modes. They were social security resettlement， property rights resettlement， physical real estate resettlement and comprehensive resettlement. Subsequently， the paper deeply analyzed every modes specific practices， effects and shortages. The study showed that every resettlement mode had its own significant characteristics and applicable conditions. Therefore， it was difficult to find a universal resettlement mode. In the end， it was proposed that regions should learn lessons from typical resettlement mode， promote reform of land expropriation system and in the light of local conditions， try to find suitable resettlement mode that suit them in order to effectively safeguard landlost peasants rights and interests． Related Articles | Metrics

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Predictive analysis on the amount of cultivated land transfer based on different targets DING Jinglei;LIU Guangyuan* 2014, 26(3):  0-816824.  Abstract ( 265 )   PDF (1364KB) ( 956 )   Using the method of empirical research and quantitative analysis prediction based on different assumptions and targets， the mathematical model of agricultural land proper scale management was constructed. The cultivated land transfer， circulation amount， turnover rate and the number of rural surplus labor transfer prediction of hidden rate to be transferred in Yuncheng County were forecasted by stages. Then by comparing the predicted data and the actual data， the influence of local assumptions on the cultivated land transfer was found out， the root causes of slow flow of cultivated land in Yuncheng County was revealed， and then the coping strategies were developed in order to maximize the arable land production potential and to promote the process of agricultural modernization. The results showed that， in phase 2 and phase 3， it was possible to realize the stable and high turnover rate of the cultivated land; however， the cultivated land transferred slowly at low ratios in stage 1. There was a huge transfer potential of cultivated land both from the scale and the efficiency. It was concluded that in order to realize the moderate management scale of the arable land of Yuncheng， the number of agricultural labor needed to be transferred was huge， and the situation was urgent， the task was arduous． Related Articles | Metrics

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Positive analysis of Chinese honeybee industry and economic perspective CHEN Malin;ZHAO Zhijun;XI Guiping 2014, 26(3):  0-825829.  Abstract ( 388 )   PDF (1307KB) ( 1555 )   Based on the survey from ten provinces and cities in 2012， the breeding scale and mode， beekeepers characteristic， technology development， costbenefit analysis and pollination service were analyzed on Chinese honeybee industry. And the strengths， weaknesses， opportunities and threats for the industry were analyzed by using SWOT analysis， which could provide the reference for the sustainable development of honeybee industry． Related Articles | Metrics

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The cultural orientation of rural tourist and rural reconstruction TAO Yuxia 2014, 26(3):  0-830836.  Abstract ( 250 )   PDF (1324KB) ( 1248 )   In the background of coordinating urban and rural development and the process of urbanization of China， the rural culture， economy， landscape and so on is experiencing an unprecedented and unrepeatable evolution， and the cultural orientation of rural tourists is a key factor to induce the function conversion of rural production and consumption. In the aspect of culture with the global crisis of belief and value loss， rural tourism rekindled the passion of people to rebuild their ideal and hope. The cultural orientation and the media advocacy of rural cognitive image of rural tourist were generating an ideology， and were going to colonize the rural reconstruction. Construction is a twoway street， “beauty” is our hope for rural future， ecology， culture， production， life， independent， economy is our redefinition for the connotation of “beautiful village”， and it will reconstruct tourists cultural orientation. Based on historical study and investigation of several typical Chinese rural tourism destination， the paper analysis the mechanism， characteristic of the cultural orientation of rural tourists， and ways of participation and the role and influence in the rural reconstruction. Then some ideas and measures to restore Chinese rural landscape were proposed， including making the strategic direction of national rural tourism development clear， guiding the consumption concept of rural tourists， reconstructing the ideal of rural areas. Related Articles | Metrics

综述

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Review of expression theories of farmers demands in the supply of public goods in rural areas LUO Fang;WANG Qing;ZHANG Yang;ZHOU Yewang 2014, 26(3):  0-837844.  Abstract ( 249 )   PDF (1351KB) ( 1126 )   To improve farmers living quality and decrease the production cost， effective supply of public goods is important in rural areas. The true expression of farmers demand for rural public goods is the premise of effective supply. In this paper， the studies about public good and its demand in rural areas were reviewed. It has gone through two stages in the foreign academic circles， namely， indirect expression traditional theories stage， including preference revealing and tax system designing， residents liquidity and local public goods supplying， and personal preference revealing and public choice mechanism， and direct expression modern empirical researches stage which included contingent valuation method and the demand expression of public goods in rural areas. Besides， the application of demand expression theory in Chinese rural public goods supply was summarized from 3 aspects， i.e. the status and problems of demand expression， the reason of blocked expression and according countermeasure on improving presentation mechanism． Related Articles | Metrics