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25 March 2014, Volume 26 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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作物科学
动物科学
园艺科学
动物科学
园艺科学
植物保护
环境科学
作物科学
环境科学
食品科学
生物系统工程
食品科学
生物系统工程
农业经济与发展
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作物科学

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Cloning and transient expression analysis of OsCPK9 gene promoter in rice(Oryza sativa L.) WEI Shuya;LIU Xiaodong;ZHANG Yingying;ZHAO Xudong;LUO Qingchen;LIU Hu;YANG Guangxiao*;HE Guangyuan* 2014, 26(2):  0-267.  Abstract ( 500 )   PDF (1972KB) ( 1267 )   Calciumdependent protein kinases (CDPKs) regulate the downstream components in calcium signaling pathways and play important roles during the growth and development of plant and in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Based on the cDNA sequence of OsCPK9， a CDPK gene in rice， a 2 kb putative promoter sequence was located in rice genome by searching NCBI database， and was amplified by PCR using genomic DNA of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv.Nipponbare) as template and specific primers designed according to the predicted sequence. The cloned OsCPK9 promoter was 2 114 bp in length，and designated POsCPK9. PLANTCARE online software analysis indicated that POsCPK9 contains some cisacting expression elements related to stress signals， except basic elements TATAbox and CAATbox. A POsCPK9 and GUS fusion expression vector POsCPK9GUS was constructed by replacing CaMV 35S promoter of pBI121 with the POsCPK9. This vector was transiently expressed in the tobacco plant through Agrobacteriummediated transformation method. The histochemical GUS staining and activity analysis showed that GUS could be expressed in roots， stems and leaves of tobacco plant with different levels， which suggested the upstream 2 kb sequence of OsCPK9 gene has promoter function. Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic architecture of quantitative traits based on Shanyou63 recombinant inbred lines WU Wenwen;LU Bing;* 2014, 26(2):  0-268273.  Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (449KB) ( 1174 )   In this paper， based on a set of 241 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from Shanyou63， the simulated data of an oversaturated genetic model including 221 main effects and 221×(221-1)/2=24 310 epitasis effects were analyzed by five methods: EBAYES， Stepwise， PENAL， LASSO and SSVS， respectively. The results of the simulation study indicated that the EBAYES method provided accurate estimates of both the QTL effects and location with very high statistical power. A total of 73 QTL covering 12 rice chromosomes were found by the method of EBAYES underlying 10 agronomic traits， which provided a deeper understanding of the genetic architecture of the cross． Related Articles | Metrics

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Clustering analysis of 30 specific maize inbred lines by SSR markers LYU Xuegao;ZHAO Junhua*;LOU Xiaocheng;ZHU Zhengmei 2014, 26(2):  0-274278.  Abstract ( 383 )   PDF (1101KB) ( 1140 )   Four temperate key inbred lines (Ye478，Dan340，Mo17 and Huangzaosi)representing 4 heterotic groups used dominantly in China，and 30 specific maize inbred lines that suited in Zhejiang Province were selected for clustering analysis by SSR markers. Forty core SSR primers were selected， 169 alleles were detected in these inbred lines， and the average PIC was 063. The 26 inbred lines are classified into five groups， 8 inbred lines are classified as a mixedgroup． Related Articles | Metrics

动物科学

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Effect of superfine grinding tea on growth performance and carcass quality of finishing pigs FENG Shanglian;JIANG Hongjin;ZHU Jianjin;JIANG Rong;LYU Jinhui;GUO Hongbing 2014, 26(2):  0-285289.  Abstract ( 264 )   PDF (509KB) ( 1207 )   Experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of superfine grinding tea on growth performance and carcass quality of finishing pigs. 240 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire finishing pigs were randomly divided into 4 groups with 60 pigs for each， four diets， which included the control diet(basal diet)，basal diet+05 g·kg-1 tea， basal diet+1 g·kg-1 tea and basal diet+2 g·kg-1 tea，were fed， respectively. The experiment was lasted for 40 day， the feed and pigs were weighted at the beginning and end of the test respectively， the weight gain， daily weight gain and feed to gain ratio were calculated. The backfat thickness， loin eye area， and lean percentage were determined by Piglog 105 ultrasound scanner at the end of growth experiment. 6 pigs (3 male and 3 female) around average weight were slaughtered， the blood samples were collected， the length of carcass， backfat thickness， and loin eye area were measured. Blood sugar， triglyceride， cholesterol， and urea nitrogen of serum were determined. Results showed that there was no difference in growth performances of finishing pigs between treatments. Superfine grinding tea supplement (with 05， 10 and 20 g·kg-1) decreased the backfat thickness of chestwaist by 119 mm， 342 mm (P<005) and 410 mm (P<005)， increased the loin eye area by 970%， 870% and 1007% (P<005)， respectively. The lean percentage also increased， when the ultrasound scanner was used to measure in vivo. Slaughtering experiment indicated that the backfat thickness of chestwaist was decreased by superfine grinding tea supplement(2 g·kg-1 tea supplement group P<005)， there was no difference among treatments that backfat thickness of other point. The lion eye area was increased， triglyceride and cholesterol of serum was decreased significantly by superfine grinding tea supplement (P<005)， blood sugar and urea nitrogen showed no difference among treatments. The results indicated that superfine grinding tea supplement did not influence the growth of finisher， while improved the quality of carcass. The action mechanism of superfine grinding tea may be related with its effect of decreasing serum triglyceride． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of dietary biotin on intestinal digestible enzymes activities， carcass composition and hepatic antioxidant capability of juvenile blunt snout bream， Megalobrama amblycephala QIAN Yu;SUN Cunxin;LIU Wenbin*;LI Xiangfei;WANG Lina;ZHU Jie 2014, 26(2):  0-309314.  Abstract ( 250 )   PDF (666KB) ( 1160 )   An 8week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary biotin on intestinal digestible enzymes activities， carcass composition and hepatic antioxidant capability for juvenile blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Quadruple groups of fish (initial average weight 201±001g) were fed thrice daily with six isonitrogenous and isoenergetic purified diets containing 0 (basal diet)， 002， 005， 016， 062 and 249 mg·kg-1 biotin， respectively. Results showed that intestinal lipase and protease activities increased initially and then decreased slightly with the dietary biotin levels increased from 0 to 249 mg·kg-1， the maxima reached at 062 and 016 mg·kg-1， respectively. Fish fed with the diet with biotin 016 mg·kg-1 had lower carcass moisture content and higher carcass crude lipid and crude protein contents than those fed with the basal diets， the differences were significant (P<005). GSH， GSHPx and SOD increased significantly (P<005) as dietary biotin levels increased from 0 to 005 mg·kg-1 and then had plateaued. Results indicated that appropriate dietary biotin can improve intestinal lipase and protease activities， carcass lipid and crude protein content and hepatic antioxidant capacity of juvenile blunt snout bream． Related Articles | Metrics

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Genome sequencing and analysis in Asia1 serotype strain of footandmouth disease virus WANG Linxuan;CHEN Simin;ZHANG Yinhong;*;SUN Dongjie 2014, 26(2):  0-290296.  Abstract ( 308 )   PDF (556KB) ( 1085 )   In this study， the whole genome of footandmouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccine strain Asia1/JS/2005 in China was amplified and sequenced. The results showed that the complete genome is 8 174 nt， including a 1 092 nt 5’ untranslated region (UTR)， a 6 990 nt open reading frame and a 92 nt 3’UTR. By using the DNAstar software， homology analysis of genome sequences of strain Asia1/JS/2005 and other 24 Asia1 strains were performed. The results indicated that nonstructural proteins and 5’UTR were more conserved. The data revealed novel highly conserved and variable genomic regions， which was likely associated with biological function. Phylogenetic tree revealed that Asia1/JS/2005 is closely linked with Asia1/1/YZ/2006， Asia1/WHN/2006， Asia1/HN/2006 and Asia1/YS/2005， which suggested that they were genetically associated and Asia1/YS/05 was the most closely related strain with Asia1/JS/2005． Related Articles | Metrics

园艺科学

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Comparative study on resource evaluation and breeding of Zygocactus trurncatus using principal component analysis and cluster analysis ZHAO Tianrong;CAI Jiangang 2014, 26(2):  0-319324.  Abstract ( 413 )   PDF (731KB) ( 1138 )   Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted on 16 biological characters of 25 Zygocactus trurncatus by using the statistical software DPS. According to the accumulated contribution ratio to the variance over 882% from the total information reflected by original 16 indexes， 7 principal components were extracted， and based on the scores of the principal components and the general score， the varieties of good comprehensive and main characters were analyzed and the correlation among the various characters were obtained through the analysis of coefficient of correlation on 16 characters which benefits the selections of parents and filial generation. The differences among the main biology characters such as plant height， crown， cauline and so on were divided into 3 types and 7 subtypes from 25 cultivars. It provided the theoretical foundation for classifications， breeding of Zygocactus trurncatus． Related Articles | Metrics

动物科学

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Effects of active egg white protein on colonic short chain fatty acid of weaned piglets LI Chunhui;MENG Xiaoqin;LIU Botao;CHEN Guoshun;WU Run;PU Wanxia;* 2014, 26(2):  0-297302.  Abstract ( 273 )   PDF (565KB) ( 1129 )   To investigate the effects of active egg white protein on colonic short chain fatty acid(SCFA) of weaned piglets， fifty four 20dayold piglets were randomly divided into three groups， with three replications per group and six piglets each replication. Piglets in group Ⅲ were fed basal diet， the group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ respectively were fed basal diet supplemented with active egg white protein 10 mL·d-1 each piglet and Saccharomyces cerevisiae 10 mL·d-1 each piglet. From the beginning of 23dayold， the piglets in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ were added to feed the active egg white protein and Saccharomyces cerevisiae for 10 days， and 28dayold piglets were weaned. On 23， 28， 35 and 42dayold， a piglet randomly selected from each replication was slaughtered， both ends of colon were ligated quickly and the colonic digesta were collected aseptically to determine colonic SCFA by gas chromatography. The results showed that: (1) On 28dayold， compared with those in group Ⅲ piglets， the colonic acetic acid(P<001)， propionic acid(P<005)， butyric acid(P<005) and total SCFA(P<001) concentrations in group Ⅰ piglets increased， isobutyric acid concentration in group Ⅰ piglets decreased(P<001); compared with those in group Ⅱ piglets， the colonic acetic acid(P<001)， isobutyric acid(P<001) and total SCFA(P<001) concentrations in group Ⅰ piglets increased; (2) On 42dayold， compared with those in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ piglets， the colonic acetic acid(P<005)， propionic acid(P<005)， butyric acid(P<005)， isovaleric acid(P<005) and total SCFA(P<005) concentrations in group Ⅰ piglets increased; (3) With the increase of piglet age， total SCFA showed a increasing tendency in every group， but group Ⅰ was most obvious. It followed that active egg white protein could improve colonic SCFA concentration of weaned piglets． Related Articles | Metrics

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Condition optimization of the neutral protease hydrolyzing turtle protein into antioxidant activity peptides WANG Nan;*;WANG Wei;ZHOU Hong;TANG Cangquan 2014, 26(2):  0-303308.  Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (843KB) ( 1073 )   Antioxidant activity peptides was prepared with turtle as raw material. In order to optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis condition of turtle protein， based on the singlefactor experiment， a mathematics model has been established by Response Surface Methodology (RSM)， and the validity of the model has been validated. Results showed the better antioxidant activity peptide were obtained when the hydrolysis temperature was 5065℃， pH at 748， catalyzer addition was 29%. In above optimized condition， the DPPH cleanup rate and DH were reached to 8556%±152% and 768%±052%， respectively． Related Articles | Metrics

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Sensitivity comparison of different hybrids of silkworm to chlorpyrifos LIU Xinju;YU Ruixian;ZHAO Xueping;CHEN Shi;JIANG Jinhua;ZHU Xinrong;* 2014, 26(2):  0-315318.  Abstract ( 335 )   PDF (474KB) ( 1131 )   Acute toxicities of chlorpyrifos to 14 different hybrids of silkworm (Bombyx mori) were evaluated in the laboratory using the leaf dipping method. Results showed that the 96hLC50 of chlorpyrifos to Haoyue and 7532 were 18426 and 21452 mg·L-1 respectively. While the 96hLC50 of chlorpyrifos to Chunxiao， Zhelei， 872， Xian 2 and 871 were between 29937-33471 mg·L-1 and to Qiushi， Baiyu， CA， Jingsong， JA， Furong and Xianghui were between 3519-45665 mg·L-1， respectively. It is indicated that the toxicities of chlorpyrifos to different hybrids of silkworm were different， and the two hybrids of silkworm Haoyue and 7532 were most sensitive． Related Articles | Metrics

园艺科学

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Effect of bagging on the flowerstalk height in Cymbidium hybrid ZHOU Guiying;CHEN Qingran;WANG Siqing* 2014, 26(2):  0-325329.  Abstract ( 305 )   PDF (540KB) ( 1112 )   Two shading treatments， aluminium foil with the shading rate of 85%-90% and blackout cloth with the shading rate of 100%， were used in the bagging experiment on Cymbidium Plair ‘Days Memory and C. Royal Red ‘Princess Nobuko in order to increase the height of flower stalk and ornamental value. The result showed that the inflorescence height， inflorescence ratio and floscule spacing of Cymbidium Plair ‘Days Memory and C. Royal Red ‘Princess Nobuko significantly increased by 7892 cm and 13125 cm， 0484 cm and 0685 cm， 0039 0 and 0038 8 respectively after bagging. Two shading treatments can both significantly increase the inflorescence quality， inflorescence height， inflorescences ratio and floscule spacing increased 662 cm， 00808 and 0688 cm in the treatment of blackout cloth with the shading rate of 100%， and increased 1276 cm， 00964 and 0958 cm in the treatment of aluminium foil with the shading rate of 85%-90%. However， the buds grew abnormally in the treatment of blackout cloth with the shading rate of 100%， which could not blossom. Compared with the control， the flowering time in the bagging treatment was delayed to 10-15 d later． Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of efficient regeneration system from calli of the stems and leaves of Ajania purpurea Shih WU Xiaobo;HONG Ge;ZHAO Huien* 2014, 26(2):  0-335338.  Abstract ( 243 )   PDF (588KB) ( 1092 )   A plant regeneration system from leaves and stems of tissuecultured Ajania purpurea was developed in this study. The results showed that the callus was induced with a rate of 956% on an optimal medium MS+10 mg·L-1 6BA+01 mg·L-1 NAA. The highest induction rate of the adventitious shoots from the calli on the medium of MS+10 mg·L-1 6BA+02 mg·L-1 NAA was 82%. The optimal medium for adventitious root inducing was 1/2MS+015 mg·L-1 IBA， with a rooting rate of 90%. The plantlets were transplanted to pots with sands， vermiculite and peat to acclimate for 2-3 weeks. Then the survival plantlets were transferred outdoors with 90% transplanting survival rate． Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and analysis of a suppressive subtractive hybridisation cDNA library related to fruiting body formation of Pleurotus pulmonarius after cold stimulation SHEN Yingyue;GU Min;CAI Weiming;*;JIN Qunli;FAN Lijun;FENG Weilin;SONG Tingting;TIAN Fangfang 2014, 26(2):  0-330334.  Abstract ( 303 )   PDF (898KB) ( 1100 )   A transient cold condition can induce the fruiting body formation of P. pulmonarius. A subtractive cDNA library using suppressive subtractive hybridisation (SSH) was constructed for a better understanding of the molecular basis of fruitingbody formation of P. pulmonarius after cold stimulation. Based on the SSH library，a total of 185 highquality ESTs were identified by upregulated expression. BLAST searching against the Basidiomycota genomes from JGI showed that 136 EST sequences were homologous to previously known genes，and there were 49 sequences with unknown function. A total of 139 ESTs were categorized into 23 functional groups. This information can help us better understand the molecular basis underlying the fruiting induced by cold stimulation in P. pulmonarius． Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of the photosynthetic characteristics between two tomato varieties with high resistance or sensitivity to TYLCV ZHANG Haili;SUN Juan;ZAI Wenshan;XIONG Zili;LUO Xiaoli;KANG Huajing;* 2014, 26(2):  0-339343.  Abstract ( 295 )   PDF (687KB) ( 1125 )   The content of chlorophyll content， the botany characteristics and photosynthetic characteristic of Ouxiu806 (variety A) and Haoweisite (variety B) were compared， the results showed that the content of Chla， Chlb and Chl(a+b) of variety A were higher (P＜005)， while the Chla / Chlb ratio was lower (P＜005). The photosynthetic rate of two varieties increased with increasing CO2 concentration， and there was no significant difference under higher CO2 concentrations of 450， 550 and 650 μmol·mol-1. At low CO2 concentration (350 μmol·mol-1)， the maximum photosynthetic rate of variety B was higher (P＜005). At high CO2 concentrations (450， 550 and 650 μmol·mol-1)， the light saturation point of variety B was lower (P＜005)， which might be caused by the lower content of Chla， Chlb and Chl(a+b) in variety B. There was no significant difference in apparent quantum efficiency (AQE)， dark respiration (Rn) and light compensation point (LCP). The early yield of variety A was 1 4568 kg·667 m-2， lower than variety B (P＞005)， but the total yield was significantly higher in variety A， which was 7 245 kg， 582% higher than variety B， which could be due to the higher incidence of TYLCV in variety B in the later period. Related Articles | Metrics

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Tissue culture and rapid propagation technology of Dioscorea alata HAN Xiaoyong;YAN Ruixia;YIN Jianmei*;ZHANG Peitong;GUO Wenqi;LI Chunhong 2014, 26(2):  0-344347.  Abstract ( 360 )   PDF (640KB) ( 1243 )   With the stem segments as explants， the tissue culture and rapid propagation of purple Dioscorea alata from Taizhou， Zhejiang Province were investigated. The results showed that the sterilization efficacy of 70% alcohol for 30 s and 84 disinfector for 15-20 min was the best. The optimal axillary buds inducing medium was MS+05 mg·L-1 6BA+01 mg·L-1 NAA， in which the buds number was the largest and the height was maximum. After breeding for 25 d，the average buds number was 158 and the height was 23 cm. The optimal rooting medium was 1/2MS+01 mg·L-1 6BA+20 mg·L-1 NAA+002% activated carbon， in which the average rooting days was 6 d， rooting rate was 100%， aerial roots rate was low and roots were thick and strong. After 30 d culture in rooting medium， the lateral branch cuttings with the axillary buds were propagated in the rooting medium， and the multiplication coefficient reached 30． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of different substrates on the propagation of tea plug seedling WANG Xueping;GONG Ziming*;GAO Shiwei;ZHENG Pengcheng;YE Fei;TENG Jing 2014, 26(2):  0-348350.  Abstract ( 419 )   PDF (339KB) ( 1119 )   The effect of different substrates on the propagation of tea plug seedling was studied with peat soil， perlite， vermiculite， loess and river sand as raw materials. The results showed that the cutting survival rate， root and tea plant growth were significantly increased by using lightmedium such as peat soil， perlite， vermiculite and so on. The survival rate， plant height， stem diameter and number of new leaves in the substrate of peatperlite(5∶1) were higher than other treatments. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cloning of pleiotropic drug resistance transporter gene from Eleutherococcus senticosus and effect of its expression on saponins content XING Zhaobin;MENG Chunyan;XIU Leshan;LAO Fengyun;ZHUANG Pengyu;CHAI Lihua 2014, 26(2):  0-351355.  Abstract ( 299 )   PDF (1356KB) ( 1104 )   cDNA encoding pleiotropic drug resistance(PDR) gene， whose length was 693 bp， was amplified from Eleutherococcus senticosus，by means of polymerase chain reaction(PCR) with degenerate oligo nucleotide primers， the gene has been deposited in GenBank under accession number KC473536. It encoded a protein of 231 amino acids belonging to PDRs nucleotide binding domain. In comparison with E.senticosus PDR with those of Populus trichocarpa， Ricinus communis and Oryza sativa on the amino acid sequence， the amino acid homology was 8874%， 9004% and 8831%. The expression of PDR in different organs of E.senticosus in various growing periods was detected by RTPCR， and E. senticosus saponins content was measured by spectrophotometry method， the results showed that PDR gene expressed in the whole growing periods of E.senticosus， which was consistent with the characteristic of saponins formation in the whole growing periods， and the correlation of the two was not significant. The characteristic of high expression of PDR gene in leaf and petiole was consistent with the phenomenon that saponins were only found in leaf， which showed significantly positive correlation (P<005)． Related Articles | Metrics

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Allelopathy effects of Panax notoginseng root exudates on wheat under different nitrogen levels GONG Jianting;ZHANG Zilong*;WANG Xiongfei 2014, 26(2):  0-356361.  Abstract ( 408 )   PDF (589KB) ( 1155 )   In ordre to explore the allelopathy effect of Panax notoginseng root exudates under different nitrogen levels， the present study using Panax notoginseng seedlings and wheat plants as donor and receptor plants， respectively， was carried out. The results showed that Panax notoginseng root exudates exhibited inhibitory effect on wheat (M3=-004). Compared with seedling growth， seed germination was more likely to be inhibited by the allelopathy effect of Panax notoginseng root exudates. With increased N level， the inhibitory effect on germination index increased in the order of excess N > normal N > deficient N. The shoot growth of wheat seedling was enhanced by allelopathy effect of Panax notoginseng root exudates， while the root growth was inhibited. Besides， it was noticed that the allelopathy effect of Panax notoginseng root exudates on wheat was related to the nitrogen level in solution． Related Articles | Metrics

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Coelachne， one genus of Poaceae newly recorded in Zhejiang， China YANG Luyi;WU Qingling;XIONG Xianhua;DING Bingyang;* 2014, 26(2):  0-362364.  Abstract ( 263 )   PDF (935KB) ( 1175 )   One genus， Coelachne R. Br.， together with one species， Coelachne simpliciuscula (Wight et Arn. ex Steud.) Munro ex Benth. (Poaceae)， are reported as new distributive records in Zhejiang Province of China. The voucher specimen is preserved in herbarium of Wenzhou University (WZU). Its discovery enriches the content of flora in Zhejiang and provides fundamental materials for studying the geographical distribution of Coelachne． Related Articles | Metrics

植物保护

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Rice black streaked dwarf virus P91，selfinteracts and forms inclusion bodies in epidermal cells of Nicotiana benthamiana plants TAN Zilong;SUN Liying;*;CHEN Jianping;* 2014, 26(2):  0-365370.  Abstract ( 329 )   PDF (1025KB) ( 1148 )   Rice blackstreaked dwarf virus (RBSDV)， a member of the genus Fijivirus， is transmitted in nature by the small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus) and can replicate in cells of both host plants and insect vector. RBSDV， like other members of the family Reovirus， is thought to replicate and assemble within cytoplasmic viral inclusion bodies， commonly called viroplasms. It has genomic segments of 10 dsRNAs (S1-S10) and P91 encoded by the first open reading frame in the ninth segment (S9) of the genomic RNAs is an essential protein for the formation of viroplasms. Fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP)， P91 was able to form inclusion bodies when expressed alone in Nicotiana benthamiana epidermal cell. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay suggested P91 had the ability of selfinteraction and formed inclusion bodies． Related Articles | Metrics

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Sensitivity comparison of the ISE method and classical PCR to detect Burkholderia glumae LUO Jinyan;CHEN Lei;QIN Meng;ZHAO Yuqiang;YU Hui 2014, 26(2):  0-371377.  Abstract ( 283 )   PDF (912KB) ( 1191 )   The present study combined the fluoride ionselective electrode (ISE) method with classical PCR to increase the detection efficiency. The 4 antisera of rabbit anti whole cell of B. glumae have been successfully obtained by common serological method， which were ASBg14， ASBg32， ASBg26 and ASBg04. The antibody of 4 antisera could be effective when diluted by 5 120 times and reached 1∶32 by ODD test. The specificity of antibody of ASBg14 and ASBg32 was very high; however， the specificity of ASBg26 and ASBg04 was not very satisfying. The results showed that all the strains of B. glumae tested produced 500 bp specific fragments by the ISE and the direct PCR method， while others showed negative PCR result. Comparing the sensitivity of these 2 detecting methods， about 1×105 cfu·mL-1 of the bacterial suspension were detected by direct PCR and below 1×103 cfu·mL-1 can only be detected by immunocapture PCR method. In the detecting experiments of the artificial inoculated seeds， at least 2 seeds should be required by direct PCR; however， only 1 seed was enough for detection by immunocapture PCR. Related Articles | Metrics

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Antibacterial and antioxidant bioassay of three kinds of algae QIAN Zhuoquan;YIN Haozhen;HUANG Xiaolin;LIN Shaozhen;NAN Haihan;* 2014, 26(2):  0-384387.  Abstract ( 362 )   PDF (495KB) ( 1194 )   The antibacterial activity of extracts of Sargassum thunbergii， Sargassum fusiforme and Laminaria japonica against Colon bacillus， Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was tested by drugsensitive disk diffusion method. Antioxidant activities of these extracts were analyzed by DPPH free radical scavenging test. The extracts of three kinds of algae showed significant antibacterial activities against S. aureus. Nbutanol extracted from S. thunbergii had the highest antibacterial effects. DPPH tests revealed the extracts of S. thunbergii were more significantly antioxidant than extracts of other algae. And the antioxidant activity of the ethyl acetate extract of S. thunbergii was stronger than those of petroleum ether and nbutanol extracts of S. thunbergii． Related Articles | Metrics

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Detection of two rice viruses in single planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus) with multiple one step RTPCR LI Junmin;ZHOU Yanru;*;SUN Zongtao;WANG Xu;XIE Li;CHEN Jianping;** 2014, 26(2):  0-378383.  Abstract ( 339 )   PDF (1046KB) ( 1083 )   Rice stripe virus(RSV) and Rice blackstreaked dwarf virus(RBSDV) are 2 important rice viruses which are transmitted by small brown planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus) and cause severe loss for rice production in China. Rapid and reliable detection of the 2 viruses in L. striatellus is a key issue for the control of these diseases. In this study， two sets of primers that are specific for RSV RNA3 and RBSDV S10 were designed， and multiple one step RTPCR method was established for rapid detection of RSV and/or RBSDV in L. striatellus through optimized annealing temperature and cycles of PCR conditions. Comparison of one step and two step RTPCR indicated that both methods can effectively detect RSV and/or RBSDV in L. striatellus and the result of two step RTPCR was slightly better than that of one step. Serial dilutions assay showed that the sensitivity of one step RTPCR method can detect the concentration as low as 0005 ng·μL-1， which is completely enough for the identification of viruses in single planthopper. Finally， multiple one step RTPCR was applied to detect RSV and/or RBSDV in single insect for 200 planthoppers which further confirmed specific， sensitive and timesaving． Related Articles | Metrics

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Diversity of the moth community in the Xixi Wetland Park， Hangzhou XU Kecheng;WANG Xueting;ZHANG Meiling;RUAN Chaojing;LIN Fang;PIAO Meihua;* 2014, 26(2):  0-388392.  Abstract ( 397 )   PDF (536KB) ( 1161 )   In order to clarify the types and dynamic regularity of moths in Xixi Wetland Park of Hangzhou， and screen indicative insects that indicate wetland status and the dynamic， the moth population in Xixi Wetland Park was monitored by using light trap method， and speciesabundance curve， diversity index， number of individuals， species richness， and the relationship between the evenness and diversity in the moth community were analyzed from July to October， 2011，and from June to November，2012.The results showed that， there were known 385 species in 27 families， among which Noctuidae， Crambidae and Geometridae were the most. The species abundance relationship served the niche preemption models. Diversity index was not consistent with evenness， but was consistent with species richness. The species of moth in the Xixi National Wetland Park were less， and the community was not stable， which indicated the ecological environment of Hangzhou Xixi National Wetland Park where the moth survive was not stable. Some suggestions of rational utilization and protection of wetland were also put forward in this study. Related Articles | Metrics

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The controlling effects against fruit flies and quality improvement of bayberry by hanging curtains YAN Liju;REN Haiying;QI Xingjiang;*;ZHU Xiaoting;ZHU Jianjun;ZHU Minhua 2014, 26(2):  0-398402.  Abstract ( 349 )   PDF (767KB) ( 1217 )   In order to study the controlling effects of curtains against fruit flies and quality improvement of bayberry by hanging curtains， individual bayberry cv. Dongkui tree was treated in Linhai， Zhejiang Province in 2012-2013. It was shown that the occurrence of fruit flies in bayberry was significantly decreased. The weight of bayberry fruit was increased by 218 g on average， and the fruit firmness was increased by 014 kg·cm-3. The fruit ripening time was postponed by more than 3-4 days. The storage period was extended， and the color was brighter. The average economic value of each bayberry tree was increased by 7719 Chinese yuan. It was a new safe measure to control pest by hanging curtains， the quality of bayberry fruits was improved， and the economic value was increased. Therefore， it has a good prospect in the production of bayberry． Related Articles | Metrics

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Fusion expression and purification of a novel antimicrobial protein lysin in Escherichia coli LI Jia;LIU Wei;WANG Hua;YAN Chengqi;Wang Xin;*;CHEN Jianping 2014, 26(2):  0-393397.  Abstract ( 300 )   PDF (586KB) ( 1102 )   E17G， a genetically modified antimicrobial protein， has high antimicrobial activities against bacteria. To reduce the antibacterial activity lethal to the Escherichia coli host cells during its expression， the E17G gene was cloned into prokaryotic expression vector pGEX6P1 to generate the fusion expression plasmid pGEX6P1E17G(GSTE17G fusion). The GSTE17G fusion protein was expressed in E. coli BL21 induced by IPTG and purified by GST affinity chromatography. GSTE17G fusion protein was detected by SDSPAGE and Western blotting， indicating successful expression of GSTE17G protein in E. coli. This study provides the basis for further analysis of the biological activity of the E17G protein. Related Articles | Metrics

环境科学

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Efficiency biodiesel production by genetic engineered strain using straw hydrolysate WANG Bing;ZHU Lihong;ZHAO Yuhua;WANG Xin;SUN Dongchang;* 2014, 26(2):  0-403409.  Abstract ( 268 )   PDF (1205KB) ( 1176 )   The price of biodiesel is approximately 15 times higher than that of traditional diesel. It is urgent to explore cheaply available substrates to reduce the cost of biodiesel production. As one of the cheap and widespread wastes， lignocellulose contained cellulose and hemicellulose which could be hydrolyzed and used in the fermentation of biodiesel. The genetic engineered strain Escherichia coli pET28a(+)PAW fermented straw hydrolysates into alcohol， and further into biodiesel with fatty acids by onestep transformation invivo. The HPLC analysis showed that the corn straw hydrolysate had a higher glucose concentration (1040 g·L-1) and the wheat straw hydrolysate had a higher xylose concentration (4056 g·L-1). When straw hydrolysates were utilized as sugar substitutes for biodiesel production by E. coli pET28a(+)PAW， the maximum biodiesel yield of 030 g·L-1 (wheat hydrolysate) was obtained which is higher than the yield of biodiesel 025 g·L-1 (corn hydrolysate) and the present reports. The straw hydrolysates could be utilized by genetic engineering strain as the substrates for biodiesel production， to reduce the material price of biodiesel. Related Articles | Metrics

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Lignocelluloses degradation and related biological characteristics during thermophilic composting of cow dung TIAN Wei;ZHANG Zhenhua;WANG Zhen;WANG Xia;LI Yan;LIU Zhenhua* 2014, 26(2):  0-432438.  Abstract ( 387 )   PDF (1172KB) ( 1164 )   In order to improve the understanding of lignocelluloses degradation during composting， a smallscale composting for 112 d was carried out with cow dung and rice chaff as raw materials. The contents of lignocelluloses and the enzyme activities of cellulase， xylanase and βglucosidase were determined， and microorganisms related to cellulose degradation were isolated during the composting process. It was shown that the degradation rates of cellulose and hemicellulose after composting were 5626% and 6147%， respectively， but the content of lignin increased at last. Activities of cellulase and xylanase both increased firstly and reached the maximum value (8575μg glucose·g-1 DW·h-1 and 16565 μg reducing sugar·g-1 DW·h-1, respectively) at the 42nd day， and then decreased till the end of composting. However， the activity of βglucosidase stayed at a relatively high level (279-330 μmol pNPG·g-1 DW·h-1) from day 22 to 42. Microorganisms including Pseudoxanthomonas， Bacillus， Paenibacillus， Ureibacillus and Geobacillus were isolated and identified related to the thermopilic cellulosedecomposing process． Related Articles | Metrics

作物科学

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Component analysis of extracellular polysaccharide by Abortiporus biennis and its application in cigarette aroma CAO Jian;ZHANG Huijie;XU Chunping;* 2014, 26(2):  0-279284.  Abstract ( 349 )   PDF (711KB) ( 1118 )   In order to develop new natural fungal perfume， the fermented extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) from Abortiporus biennis were purified by Sepharose CL6B. The structure and monosaccharide composition of EPS were investigated by infrared spectroscopy (IR) and GCMS analysis. After addition of EPS into tobacco conduction， the changes of flavoring substances in cigarettes were compared with control by simultaneous distillation and GC/MS. It was shown that EPS was monocomponent with the monosaccharide composition of 5145% glucose， 3030% mannose and 1551% galactose. With application of EPS in tobacco production， the contents of ketones， aldehydes and furans increased in the cigarettes， while the contents of phenols and heterocyclic compounds decreased significantly. The treatments with EPS could reduce stimulation of smoking， and improve the aroma of cigarette to ameliorate the quality of smoking． Related Articles | Metrics

环境科学

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Influence of land use change on ecosystem services value in Jiaxing City ZHANG Jue;ZHANG Hui;* 2014, 26(2):  0-444450.  Abstract ( 294 )   PDF (967KB) ( 1202 )   Based on RS and GIS technology， ecosystem service values (ESV) of Jiaxing City in 2005 and 2010 were calculated using the formula put forward by Costanza to identify the influence of land use/land cover changes. Ecosystem function deviation accumulation model and ecological service value flow were adopted to explore possible reasons for ESV changes during the five years. The results indicated that with the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization of Jiaxing City from 2005 to 2010， residential areas and industrial land increased most， and was followed by water area. But， cultivated land decreased dramatically. Due to the different ecosystem service value coefficients of each land use type， the increased ESV could not balance the losses， and consequently led to the decline of the total ESVs from 3283 billion yuan in 2005 to 3131 billion yuan in 2010 reduced by 464％． Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation into nitrate pollution of groundwater in main vegetable production areas of Liaoning Province GONG　Liang;JUAN Yinghua;SUN Wentao* 2014, 26(2):  0-410414.  Abstract ( 414 )   PDF (550KB) ( 1155 )   In order to survey the nitrate pollution status of groundwater in main vegetable production areas of Liaoning Province， water samples were collected from 112 wells in July (rainy season) and October (after rainy season) from 2010 to 2012， and the nitrate contents of samples were determined by ultraviolet visible absorption spectrophotometry (TU1810 DASPC).The results showed that nitrate content in 29% of samples was beyond the national standard， and 39% of samples exhibited potential environmental risk. Based on well depth， it was shown that the nitrate contents were 2623， 1761 and 681 mg·L-1 for groundwater with depth< 10 m， 10～20 m and ≥ 20 m， respectively， and there was a negative correlation between nitrate content and well depth. The nitrate pollution status was more severe in July than that in October. In addition， a linear correlation was observed between nitrate content of samples and nitrogen input from fertilization. According to the national water quality standard， the annual input of total nitrate should not exceed 3229 kg·hm-2． Related Articles | Metrics

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The status and evaluation of soil fertility in rapeseed production district in northeast Zhejiang NI Zhongying;WANG Jingwen;*;SHI Yijun;LIU Yonghong;CHEN Hong 2014, 26(2):  0-415420.  Abstract ( 352 )   PDF (808KB) ( 1175 )   Soil fertility of 514 soil samples in the rapeseed production district in Tonglu County was investigated in 2010. The results showed that the contents of organic matter ranged from 169 to 300 g·kg-1， with an average of 233 g·kg-1. The contents of total N were 093～234 g·kg-1， and the average was 173 g·kg-1. The contents of available N， P and K were 187～2680 mg·kg-1， 06～1331 mg·kg-1 and 1～238 mg·kg-1， respectively， with the average of 827， 157 and 636 mg·kg-1， respectively. Based on the available N， P and K content， nutrient deficiency area accounted for 681%， 467%， and 693%， respectively， of the total rapeseed fields in the present study. Rapeseed yield was significantly correlated with soil available N contents (r=0851**， n=15) and soil available P (r=0553*， n=15). But no significant relationship was found within the contents of organic matter， total N and available K with rapeseed yield. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different topdressing periods of potassium fertilization on quality and yields of fluecured tobacco DAI Xiaoyan;GUO Chunyan;LIU Guoshun;CAO Xiaotao;LI Jia 2014, 26(2):  0-421426.  Abstract ( 320 )   PDF (655KB) ( 1211 )   In order to identify the effects of potassium (K) fertilization regulation on quality and output in fluecured tobacco leaves， a field experiment was conducted to study the top dressing stage of K fertilizer on the general chemical compositions， mineral elements， petroleum ether extracts， neutral aroma constituents and economic characters in middle and upper leaves of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cv. Zhongyan 100. The results showed that the output was increased when the top dressing stage of K fertilizer was at rosette stage， faster growing stage， maturing stage (T4) respectively， or at faster growing stage and maturing stage (T5， T2， T3). As well as the contents of potassium， phosphorus in middle and upper leaves， petroleum ether extracts， neutral aroma constituents， aroma products degraded from carotenoid， and Maillard reaction products of upper leaves were increased. However， the contents of reducing and total sugar were decreased. Besides， the contents of calcium， magnesium and copper were regulated under different top dressing stages of K fertilizer. So it is very important to hold the top dressing stage of K fertilizer for improving potassium and aroma constituents in tobacco leaves， and the T4 was the best treatment measure． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of different material ratio on nitrogen loss during biogas fermentation and yieldimproving effects of application of biogas fertilizer on crops ZHANG Weiguo 2014, 26(2):  0-427431.  Abstract ( 311 )   PDF (672KB) ( 1140 )   Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of different material ratios on nitrogen loss during biogas fermentation and yieldimproving effects of application of biogas fertilizer on crops. The results showed that the average nitrogen loss of biogas fermentation was 482%. Available N in the biogas liquid after the fermentation was increased by 254 times than that before the fermentation. Available N in the biogas liquid after the fermentation accounted for 621% of total N. Available N in the biogas liquid for the biogas fermentation was 513 times greater than that for the compost fermentation. Nitrogen loss in the biogas liquid for the biogas fermentation was in the following order: Treatment 1(pig manure∶straw=4∶1)(997%)> Treatment 2(pig manure∶cow dung∶straw=1∶1∶05)(434%)> Treatment 3(pig manure∶cow dung∶human fxces=3∶1∶1)(268%). Available rate of N in the biogas liquid for the biogas fermentation was 415 times greater than that for the compost fermentation. Under different soils， the yieldincrease rates of rice， corn， wheat， cotton， and rape with application of biogas fertilizer were 65%-157% with an average value of 1138%． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of addition of bamboo charcoal on soil chemical properties， heavy metal availability， and rice growth SU Xianchao;HU Yangyong;ZHAO Wei;YE Zhengqian* 2014, 26(2):  0-439443.  Abstract ( 371 )   PDF (552KB) ( 1442 )   A pot experiment was conducted to test the effects of bamboo charcoal on rice growth， soil chemical properties， soil heavy metal availability in the polluted soil by heavy metals. Treatments of bamboo charcoal were combinations of four rates (0， 5， 10 and 20 g·kg-1) and two particles sizes (2 and 025 mm mesh sieves). The results showed that total dry weight of rice plants increased with increasing rates of bamboo charcoal; addition of bamboo charcoal significantly increased soil pH and organic matter contents. Compared to the control， soil heavy metal availabilities were significantly increased by bamboo charcoal， especially for Cu and Zn. For the treatment of 025 mm bamboo charcoal with 10 g·kg-1， the content of Cd in rice grains was significantly decreased. Related Articles | Metrics

食品科学

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Removal efficiency of metalaxyl and difenoconazole in pakchoi cabbage by different washing solutions GUAN Wenchen;WANG Xinquan;ZHANG Hu;XU Hao;WANG Xiangyun;WANG Minghua;WANG Qiang;* 2014, 26(2):  0-451455.  Abstract ( 337 )   PDF (640KB) ( 1199 )   The effects of washing solutions on the elimination of residues of metalaxyl and difenoconazole in pakchoi cabbage were determined by GCMS/MS. The results indicated that solutions including tap water， NaCl， NaHCO3， acetic acid and detergent solution played different roles in the reduction of pesticide residues. The removal efficiency decreased in the order of detergent solution > NaCl solution > NaHCO3 solution > tap water > acetic acid. The removal efficiency of the 2 pesticides increased with the increasing concentration of NaCl in solution. In general， the removal efficiency of difenoconazole was higher in all the washing solutions than that of metalaxyl， which indicated that the removal efficiency of these 2 pesticides was not correlated with their water solubility． Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on methods for RNA extraction from Auricularia auricular XIONG Yi;GUO Yancui;ZHANG Zhi 2014, 26(2):  0-456460.  Abstract ( 286 )   PDF (673KB) ( 1219 )   The purity and integrity of total RNA are essential for molecular biology experiments of Auricularia auricular. In order to obtain an ideal total RNA extraction method， total RNA of Auricularia auricular was extracted with 3 methods， including Trizol method， CTAB method and RNA prep pure Plant Kit method. The results showed that all these methods can extract total RNA from Auricularia auricular; however， the Trizol method was the best with high integrity and purity. The band of 28S was twice wider than that of 18S. The RNA yield was 68264 μg·g-1 and the RNA sample could be used for RTPCR. Related Articles | Metrics

生物系统工程

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The intelligent monitoring and management platform for environment of facility agriculture in Zhejiang Province YE Hongbao;XU Zhifu*;SHI Xiaoyan;LI Dong 2014, 26(2):  0-467472.  Abstract ( 335 )   PDF (1713KB) ( 1172 )   Based on the hardware for environment monitoring and the knowledge models of agriculture， a platform of environment monitoring and intelligent management for facility agriculture in Zhejiang was presented to advance precision， intelligence and automation management level. This platform achieved online video surveillance and realtime acquisition of environmental data such as temperature， humidity， light intensity， soil water content etc. Furthermore， the functions as growth period prediction， warning messages sending， automatic remote control of equipment， and other management aid were realized. With the blockbased design and Browser/Server structure， hardware of sensors and facility depending on their requirements to make up system was convenient and flexible. Application results showed that this platform has high reliability and universality， which could be applied to different types of greenhouse in Zhejiang with wide developmental prospects． Related Articles | Metrics

食品科学

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Studying of Lactobacillus caseiloaded microcapsules with high survival rate ZHOU Man;LIU Yong;MAO Zhengzheng;FENG Hai;*;TANG Jiangwu;* 2014, 26(2):  0-461466.  Abstract ( 242 )   PDF (981KB) ( 1166 )   Lactobacillus casei is extremely sensitive to environmental stress. In order to improve the survival rate of L. casei during storage， methods for preparation of L. caseiloaded microcapsules were studied. Capsule wall materials and additives were evaluated based on the oxygen permeation rate test， water vapor transmission rate measurement， and biocompatibility test. The L. caseiloaded solidcore and multifluidcore microcapsules were prepared through extrusion method. The storage property at room temperature and survival rate after drying at 37℃ were also tested. The results indicated that the storage property was significantly improved after coated in microcapsules; when vegetable oil was applied as storage medium， the high survival rate was observed; the survival rate reached 831% after the L. caseiloaded multifluidcore microcapsules were dried for 8 h at 37℃. A high residue viable rate “water/oil/water” L. caseiloaded multifluidcore microcapsules system was established in this research. And this system showed remarkable L. casei survival property and potential application property. Related Articles | Metrics

生物系统工程

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Study on rural micro grid load control strategy based on fuzzy clustering GU Ran;HUANG Lihua;TANTAI Xiaohan;LI Yunliang;LIU Yue 2014, 26(2):  0-473477.  Abstract ( 240 )   PDF (518KB) ( 1120 )   In the condition that rural power grid operates in standalone mode， when the power of distributed power generation does not meet the load demand， there was a problem of order uncertainty for priority to load shedding or priority to load regulation. This paper presented the rural power grid load control strategy based on fuzzy clustering. Using the fuzzy clustering method， the load under the independent operation mode of rural power grid was clustered according to the load level， controllable characteristics and location on the basis of multiagent system， and the load order was obtained. The control strategy can improve the reliability and economy of power supply in the rural power grid． Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation of Lactobacillus pentosus and its fermentation properties CHEN Jiahong;FAN Liping*;SHEN Jingjing 2014, 26(2):  0-478482.  Abstract ( 284 )   PDF (829KB) ( 1140 )   To screen good strains for pickle starter， several strains of Lactobacillus pentosus were isolated and identified from the traditional fermented pickles. Their growth characteristics in the medium of vegetable juice were studied and the excellent L. pentosus strain was used to ferment pickles. Eleven Lactobacillus strains were isolated from traditional fermented food， 5 strains were identified as L. pentosus. Among them， 2 strains showed better growth in vegetable juice medium. L. pentosus strains Mao62 and Tang32 were then inoculated into the ferment pickles. After 2 days incubation， pickles by the test strains demonstrated better characteristics than that fermented by natural process based on the production level of the lactic acid and sensory evaluation. Related Articles | Metrics

农业经济与发展

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Development model and the enlightenment of circular agriculture in mountainous areas: Zhejiang as a case ZHU Xianyue 2014, 26(2):  0-483488.  Abstract ( 279 )   PDF (865KB) ( 1124 )   Currently， the production mode of agriculture in our country is still extensive， and consequently， the benefit is relatively low. Besides， the quality of agricultural production is unstable and waste treatment remains to be solved. In order to overcome these problems， a new development model toward sustainable agriculture is greatly needed. In the present study， favorable conditions of agricultural development in Zhejiang mountainous areas were summarized， and several typical patterns of circular agriculture development in these areas were compared. Under the guidance of the “3R” principle， it is proposed that ecological conservation is the fundamental of cleaner production of circular agriculture in mountainous areas. The development of new agricultural management system is the premise for circular agriculture， with technology innovation and the increase of farmers income being the external and internal driving forces， respectively. But， the specific pattern of circular agriculture should be developed based on local conditions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation on the farmers selfdevelopment ability in the development of creative economy LIU Yaoyao;WANG Qing* 2014, 26(2):  0-489494.  Abstract ( 288 )   PDF (704KB) ( 1103 )   As a new economic form， the rural creative economy was developing fast， in which condition the farmers， who are the subject of rural economic development， were faced with some new requirements. To learn more about the competency requirement to rural households in the creative economy， 12 indicators for the measurement of famers selfdevelopment ability were put forward on the basis of previous qualitative analysis in order to set corresponding talent ability training plans and promote rural economic prosperity. Using the survey data from Yangling agricultural hightech demonstration area in Shaanxi Province， 4 main factors including new development ability， communication ability， emergency ability and general ability were extracted according to principal component analysis， which were used as the main quantitative indicators to evaluate the famers selfdevelopment ability. Combined with the actual data and correlation verification， it is concluded that these 4 factors have positive correlation with the economic benefit of farmers． Related Articles | Metrics

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An empirical study on farmer characteristics and resource endowment versus the adoption of Taiwan agricultural technologies SHI Hongjing 2014, 26(2):  0-522529.  Abstract ( 249 )   PDF (753KB) ( 1187 )   A research into the interactive relationship between farmer characteristics and resource endowment and the adoption of Taiwan agricultural technologies will produce not only positive theoretical significance but also practical reference value in understanding farmers decision over the adoption of Taiwan agricultural technologies. The possible factors affecting farmers adoption of Taiwan agricultural technologies were defined in this paper， and then were further subdivided into 16 explanatory variables. Then corresponding research hypotheses were raised regarding the relationship between these 16 explanatory variables and explained variables on the farmers adoption behavior of Taiwan agricultural technologies; next， according to the data collected from 328 field survey samples， logistic regression model was adopted to carry out a statistic analysis. The results showed that there were seven biggest explanatory variables that had significant impacts on explaining farmers adoption of Taiwan agricultural technologies， namely gender of the farmer， educational level， participation of agricultural cooperative organization or lack thereof， position in the family， family labor， average annual household income， and the percentage of agricultural income on the total income． Related Articles | Metrics

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Patent strategy and management of crop diseases and pests control in China HU Bao;LOU Hongxing;* 2014, 26(2):  0-495502.  Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (2023KB) ( 1218 )   Through a comprehensive search on domestic and foreign patents of crop diseases and pests control technology， the significant differences in the type of patent and the layout direction of main countries， and the patent technology and the key breakthrough， the locking patent in different fields of technology， the patentee (the applicant) ranking， patent technology active period were analyzed according to the important technical classification including chemical control， biological control， physical control etc. Some countermeasures were put forward that the governments guiding role should be strengthened and the enterprises should draw up the important patent strategy choices including intellectual property strategy in the field of crop diseases and pests control technology based on their own needs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Gray relational analysis of energy consumption and energy structure in rural areas of China during 1999-2010 LIU Lihua;YIN Changbin* 2014, 26(2):  0-503509.  Abstract ( 297 )   PDF (683KB) ( 1105 )   In the present study， the correlation degree between the changes of total energy consumption and energy consumption structure was investigated by gray relational analysis， in order to explore the main features of current energy consumption in the rural areas in China. It was shown that currently， biomass is still the dominant source for energy consumption in the rural areas. The changes in the amount of biomass energy consumption was the main factor influencing total energy consumption and energy structure. But， the proportion of petrochemical energy and clean energy in the total energy consumption showed an increasing trend， which indicated a more and more positive role of them in the energy consumption structure in rural China. Related Articles | Metrics

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Games analysis on funds supply problems in rural financial markets SHAN Haidong;LIU Yaxiang* 2014, 26(2):  0-510516.  Abstract ( 293 )   PDF (866KB) ( 1175 )   Insufficient capital supply in rural financial markets has restricted the development of Chinas rural economy. By game analysis， we found rural financial institutions cant solve the sustainable funds supply with governments subsidies. But， asymmetric HawkDove game results showed that the greater of the asymmetric intensity between large commercial banks and new rural financial institutions (game participants)， the more they will tend to cooperate. For them， the capital and the farmers information was asymmetric. We found the cooperative supply probability is positively related to the synthetic asymmetry of game participants. And it has evolutionary stability for the participants to select cooperation with the probability. Therefore， we must rationally promote the cooperation between large commercial banks and new rural financial institutions in order to ensure the sustainable development of rural financial markets． Related Articles | Metrics

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Quantitative assessment on impact of climate change on agricultural tourism in Nanjing City HE Chao 2014, 26(2):  0-517521.  Abstract ( 343 )   PDF (510KB) ( 1239 )   Combining with analysis on the agricultural tourism factors affected by climate change in Nanjing City， the evaluation index system was established. Then， seven representative agriculture tourism attractions in Nanjing were selected to carry out the impact analysis by using the analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. According to the evaluation results， several policy measures were put forward to promote the development of agricultural tourism under the background of climate change in Nanjing City． Related Articles | Metrics

综述

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Research progress on the bacterial symbiont Arsenophonus of insects CHEN Yu;WANG Weixia;CHEN Yang;FU Qiang* 2014, 26(2):  0-530536.  Abstract ( 782 )   PDF (806KB) ( 1330 )   The genus Arsenophonus (γproteobacteria， Enterobacteriaceae) is an intracellular symbiotic bacteria， which are commonly found in insects and spiders as well as in plants (strawberry， sugarbeet， etc). Arsenophonus could be vertical or horizontal transmitted to the hosts. The distribution of most Arsenophonus is usually diffused in insect， and seldom could be found in bacteriocytes. The specific sequence of 16S rDNA and 23S rDNA or multilocus system based on three housekeeping genes fbaA， ftzK and yaeT， which were used for identifying Arsenophonus. To date， only five species of Arsenophonus were identified， named Arsenophonus nasoniae， Arsenophonus arthropodicus， Arsenophonus triatominarum， Riesia pediculicola and Phlomobacter frageriae respectively. Previous studies revealed Arsenophonus is male killing and maybe associated with the immunity， nutrition requirement and host adaptation of its insect hosts. Strawberry and sugar beet infected by Arsenophonus would have diseases. Until now， genome sequencing of A. nasoniae and R. pediculicola were conducted and the drafts had been reported. This paper reviewed recent research progress of Arsenophonus. Furthermore， future research directions were also discussed． Related Articles | Metrics