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Combining ability analysis of the newly developed CMS lines from Zhenshan 97B in indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) LI Daopin1，2，ZHU Shiyang1， ZHANG Yongxin1， ZHENG Wei1， HONG Delin2，* 2014, 26(4):  845.  Abstract ( 391 )   PDF (625KB) ( 1172 )   Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement， Nanjing Agricultural University， Nanjing 210095， China) Abstract: In order to explore the combining ability and quality of the newly developed cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) lines from Zhenshan 97B in indica rice (Oryza sativa L.)， 49 crosses were made according to NC Ⅱ genetic design by using the six newly developed CMS lines (with Zhenshan 97A as reference) as female parents and seven earlymaturity restorer lines as male parents. The results showed that the combining ability of yield and quality of the newly developed CMS lines was improved significantly compared with Zhenshan 97A. Among the CMS lines， Zhenpin A had the highest general combining ability (GCA) of yield， spikelets per panicle and filled grains per panicle， possessed pretty good quality， and showed high rice breeding value． Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of safe heading date in late rice over past 45 years in Jinhua City，Zhejiang FANG Yuwei1，ZHANG Yuhui2，SHU Sufang2，XUE Zhankui1，HU Gulang1，* 2014, 26(4):  851.  Abstract ( 374 )   PDF (506KB) ( 1179 )   The safe date for full heading is important for arranging seeding and planting of late rice. By analyzing daily average temperature during September and November in the past 45 years of three representative districts from north to south of Jinhua city (Dongyang， Wucheng and Wuyi) combining MannKendall jump detection and sliding ttest method， the changing year of safe date for full heading was determined to be 1999 for indica and 1991 for japonica. Basd on the indexes commonly used in production， the safe dates for full heading before and after changing year (1999 for indica and 1991 for japonica) with assurance rate of 50%， 80% and 90% were compared respectively. The average safe heading date of indica after 1999 was found to be universally delayed for 5 to 6 days， and that of japonica after 1991 was found to be universally delayed for 6 to 10 days. Thus， present study proposed another set of safe dates， which were September 14， September 16 and September 14 for indica in Dongyang， Wucheng and Wuyi respectively， being 4 days later than commonly used in production， and were September 24， September 24 and September 23 for japonica in Dongyang， Wucheng and Wuyi respectively， being 2 or 3 days later than commonly used in production. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and fine mapping of the gene associated with moisture content of stem in sorghum ［Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench］ ZHAI Guowei1， ZOU Guihua1， YAN Song2， WANG Hua1， SHAO Jianfeng1， TAO Yuezhi1，* 2014, 26(4):  856.  Abstract ( 396 )   PDF (232KB) ( 1350 )   The moisture content is very important for both forage and syrup use of sweet sorghum. In the present study， the gene Dd， which is related to moisture content of stem (MCS)， was proved as qualitative and the dominance of pithy over juicy type by the genetic analysis， using two F2 populations derived from a pithy cultivar Fangshannian crossing a juicy cultivar Shuangli and a juicy cultivar Btx623 crossing a pithy cultivar 7361. Primary mapping of the gene indicated that d was located on chromosome 6. By enlarging the mapping population， the locus was then fine mapped to a 470 kb interval between SSR markers sm06068 and sm06093 for F21 and sm06068 and sm06069 for F22. To narrow down the number of candidate genes， the target regions of Fangshannian， Shuangli and 7361 were sequenced and 2 InDel markers were mined. Finally， the locus was located to the region between markers sm06068 and Sb62， which harbored only six candidate genes. Genetic mapping of d provided an opportunity to identify genes involved in the moisture content of sorghum． Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on codon bias of functional gene of Astacidea LI Xilian， YANG Yuanjie， LI Qian， LIU Jindian，GU Zhimin* 2014, 26(4):  862.  Abstract ( 304 )   PDF (515KB) ( 1159 )    Coding DNA sequences (CDS) of 208 proteins in Astacidea were analyzed in the present study. The content of G+C at three positions of codons， ENC (effective number of codon) of genes and frequency of synonym codon usage were calculated by the software CodonW 14， and the “optimal codons” were also determined. The results showed that the content of G+C at the third position of codons was significantly higher than that of the first and second positions， and genes preferred to the codons with C or G at the synonymous position. In addition， 9 codons were determined as the “optimal codons”， which were ended with G or C. The data would offer references in the research on new gene search， gene expression， forecast of protein function and structure， and comparative genome with other shrimps. Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological investigation of rabbit coccidiosis in Wenzhou area JIAN Yongli，TU Yiqiang*，HAN Qingsong，BAI Yu，LUO Houqiang，GAO Yongan 2014, 26(4):  868.  Abstract ( 619 )   PDF (695KB) ( 1406 )   In order to grasp the current infection of rabbit coccidiosis in Wenzhou area，595 fresh faecal pellets were collected from 3 counties and examined by McMaster counting and the method of saturated saline flotation to investigate species and the prevalence of Eimeria infections in domestic rabbits. The results showed overall prevalence of infections was 771%, all of infection were mixed infection, mostly of which were infected by three to five Eimeria species.  The infection rates of coccidia among each rabbit age were different，the infection rate of rabbits aged 1-3 months was 977%，and most of them had more oocysts than the elder rabbits. Ten species of Eimeria were identified from oocystpositive samples，the more prevalent species were E.irrestidua， E.perfomns， E. intestinalis and E.magna. Above results would provide the effectiveness of future control strategies against rabbit coccidiosis． Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and application of monoclonal antibodies against major outer membrane protein of Chlamydia trachomatis LIAN Xiaowen， DU Huifen， LI Kesheng* 2014, 26(4):  872.  Abstract ( 397 )   PDF (672KB) ( 1320 )   To prepare monoclonal antibodies (McAb) against Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and establish the Chlamydia trachomatis GICA rapid detection method. Balb/c mice were injected with purified major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Chlamydia trachomatis. Spleen cells from immunized mice were fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells. Hybirdoma cells which secrete antibodies against MOMP were selected and then identified. Three monoclonal antibodies which had very high affinity to MOMP were obtained. The isotypes of McAbs were IgG1， IgG2b and IgM. The above McAbs had no crossreaction with Chlamydia psittaci， Chlamydia pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Two McAbs with good pairing were selected to prepare GICA strip. The strip made up of these McAbs can be applied to detect CT. The sensitivity by GICA strip for detecting MOMP was about 50 ng·mL-1. Related Articles | Metrics

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Acute toxicity of enrofloxacin on Artemia nauplius LI Yuquan 2014, 26(4):  877.  Abstract ( 379 )   PDF (518KB) ( 1268 )   A serial of concentration gradient of enrofloxacin were used to evaluate the effect of acute toxicity of enrofloxacin on Artemia nauplius. Nine different concentrations of enrofloxacin were tested in the study， which were 0， 2， 4， 6， 8， 10， 11， 12 and 14 mg·mL-1. The 24 hEC50 and 48 hEC50 (effective concentration for 50% reduction)， and 24 hLC50 and 48 hLC50 (lethal concentration for 50%) of enrofloxacin were calculated by the method of probability unit. The results showed that， at 24 h and 48 h， the maximum concentrations of enrofloxacin that could not make Artemia nauplius die were 04 mg·mL-1 and 02 mg·mL-1， respectively. The minimum concentrations that made Artemia nauplius to die entirely were 14 mg·mL-1 and 11 mg·mL-1， respectively. The 24 hEC50 and 48 hEC50 of enrofloxacin to Artemia nauplius were (1066 ± 033) mg·mL-1 and (1054±033) mg·mL-1， respectively. The 24 hLC50 and 48 hLC50 of enrofloxacin to Artemia nauplius were (946 ± 033) mg·mL-1 and (771 ± 033) mg·mL-1， respectively. The results suggested that Artemia nauplius was not sensitive to enrofloxacin. Related Articles | Metrics

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Prokaryotic expression and polyclonal antibody preparation of σC protein of novel duck reovirus BI Zhuangli1，2， ZHU Yingqi1，2， CHEN Zongyan2， LI Chuanfeng2， MENG Chunchun2， WANG Guijun1， LIU Guangqing2，* 2014, 26(4):  882.  Abstract ( 419 )   PDF (738KB) ( 1381 )   To investigate the immunogenicity of σC protein of a novel duck reovirus (NDRV TH11)， the σC gene was cloned into pET30a(+) and expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3). SDSPAGE and Western blot analysis showed that the expressed had good immunological activity. The polyclonal antibody was obtained from the rabbit immunized with purified recombinant protein and its titer was about 1∶20 000 by detection of indirect ELISA. Indirect immunofluorescence assay also demonstrated that the polyclonal antibody reacted specially with the native NDRV σC protein. This study will be helpful for preparation of peptide vaccines and σC function study. Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiological investigation of canine parvovirus disease in small animal hospital in Wenzhou area LUO Houqiang1， SONG Xianzhang1，*， WANG Qingyan1， DUAN Longchuan1， TU Yiqiang1， FU Hua2 2014, 26(4):  887.  Abstract ( 387 )   PDF (543KB) ( 1264 )   In order to provide scientific basis for control of canine parvovirus infection， an epidemiological investigation on the infected dogs was carried out from October 2011 to September 2012 in Wenzhou Small Animal Hospital， Wenzhou Vocational College of Science ＆ Technology. The results showed that 113 canine parvovirus positive cases were found and the total infection rate was 196%. The majority of infection cases were dogs at the age of 3 months to 12 months. The infection rate among the dogs with no immunization were was higher, accounting for 84.8%. And the infection rate of purebred dogs was higher， accounting for 841%. Canine parvovirus infection could happen all the year round in Wenzhou area， especially in spring and autumn. The comprehensive treatment including injection of CPV serum and CPV monoclonal antibody and active immunization were adopted to improve cure rate and reduce mortality of canine parvovirus infection． Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the accumulation of sugar and mineral elements in the development period of Ougan fruits GUO Xiuzhu， CHEN Wei， PAN Junhui， HUANG Pinhu， XU Wenrong 2014, 26(4):  892.  Abstract ( 440 )   PDF (431KB) ( 1225 )   The contents of sugar and mineral elements were measured during development period in Ougan (Citrus Suavissima Hort. ex Tanaka) fruits， to explore the accumulation trend of sugar and mineral elements and provide theoretical basis for the nutritional regulation. The results showed that during the development of fruits， the soluble sugar content increased continuously， accumulated quickly after Sept. 2nd and reached 770% on Nov. 22nd. The reducing sugar content increased gradually and reached 307% on Nov. 22nd. The sucrose content decreased in the early phase and increased later， which began to increase rapidly after Sept. 2nd and reached 440% on Nov. 22nd. The N， P， K， S contents decreased， and the Ca and Mg contents increased in the early phase and decreased later. The accumulation of N， P and K elements presented upward trends all along， especially in the rapid accumulation period. The accumulation of them increased and occupied 7219%， 7599%， 6643% of the total accumulation amounts from Aug. 12th to Oct. 12th, respectively. The accumulation of Ca， Mg and S increased from Jul. 2nd to Sept. 22nd and did not change after Oct. 22nd. The results indicated that Ougan was the sucrose accumulating type， and multielements compound fertilizer and K fertilizer application should be increased before midAugust． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of cultivation methods on photosynthetic rate，yield and quality of Hami melon (Cucumis melo var. saccharinus) WANG Bingliang，FANG Tingting，YE Hongxia*，SHI Yu 2014, 26(4):  896.  Abstract ( 380 )   PDF (739KB) ( 1279 )   The experiment on two kinds of cultivation methods was carried out to study the effect of cultivation methods on photosynthetic rate，fruit yield and quality of Cucumis melo var. saccharinus. The results showed that: during the vineextend stage，the photosynthetic rate of leaves located at the lower vine under frame culture was higher than that under groundclimb culture，while，photosynthetic rate of leaves located at the upper vine under frame culture was lower than that under groundclimb culture. Photosynthetic rate changed greatly among the various growth stages. With the growth of plant，photosynthetic rate increased firstly，and then decreased. The peak of photosynthetic rate of groundclimb cultured plant emerged on 7 days after pollination，while photosynthetic rate of frame cultured plant reached maximum on 20 days after pollination. The photosynthetic rate of groundclimb cultured plant was higher than that of frame cultured plant before 7 days after pollination. Afterwards，photosynthetic rate of frame cultured plant was higher than that of groundclimb cultured plant significantly. Compared with groundclimb cultured plant，average fruit weight and soluble solid content of framed cultured plant were increased by 163%-277% and 178%-309% respectively. The framed culture method can improve the yield and quality of Hami melon. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on chemical components of essential oils from fresh flowers and manufactured goods of Chrysanthemum cultivar Dendrathema grandiflorum ‘Xiao Huang Ju in Tongxiang City of Zhejiang Province WANG Mengxin1， SHEN Xuegen2， ZHOU Jiansong2， CUI Lin1， HAN Baoyu1，* 2014, 26(4):  900.  Abstract ( 320 )   PDF (728KB) ( 1125 )   The essential oils of fresh flowers and manufactured goods of Chrysanthemum cultivar Dendrathema grandiflorum ‘Xiao Huang Ju were extracted by the simultaneous distillation extraction method， then detected by gas chromatography coupled of mass spectrum. The results were as follows: (1) Seventysix and eightyeight components were respectively identified from the fresh flowers and manufactured goods of ‘Xiao Huang Ju， with monterpenes， sesquiterpenes and their oxygenous derivatives being the major chemical components; (2) Sixtytwo mutual chemical components were identified， with eucalyptol， camphor， verbenol acetate， hexamethylbenzene and so on at high content level. (3) The compounds in essential oils of the fresh flowers which were at least ten times greater than those in essential oils of manufactured goods were camphene， βphellandrene， αphellandrene， (E)ocimene， (Z)ocimene， bicyclo［222］oct5en2one， alloocimene， Dverbenone， safranal， hexamethylbenzene; (4) Fourteen components were only identified from the essential oils of fresh flowers， such as αthujenal， αfenchene， copaene and so on. (5) The relative contents of 6methyl5hepten2one， αzingiberene， βsesquiphellandrene， αcitral， palmitic acid， αcurcumene， (E)limonene oxide， αbisabol and so on in essential oils of manufactured goods were much more than those of fresh flower. (6) Twentysix specific components were only identified from the manufactured goods， including thymol， benzeneacetaldehyde， αterpineol， γcadinene and so on. The results revealed the chemical characteristics of aroma of ‘Xiao Huang Ju， which can be used as the reference during its cultivating， processing and tasting. Related Articles | Metrics

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Response of pepper varieties to salinity stress ZHENG Jiaqiu1，2，3， GUO Jun3，*， WU Yongcheng3， ZU Yanxia3， MEI Yi3， DING Shasha3 2014, 26(4):  908.  Abstract ( 597 )   PDF (690KB) ( 1369 )   The growth and physiological characters of sixteen pepper(Capsicum annum L.)varieties under salinity stress during seed germination and seedling stage were studied by the method of simulation in soil cultivation. The results showed that under salinity stress， percentage of germination， germination vigor， germination index， sprout height， radicle length， fresh mass of sprout and fresh mass of radical of all tested pepper varieties were decreased to different extent during seed germination stage. Peroxidase(POD)activities， catalase(CAT)activities and ascorbate peroxidase(APX) activities of all pepper varieties were increased， while soluble sugar content， soluble protein content of all pepper varieties were decreased， and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities， different varieties displayed diverse responses to salinity stress. The fourteen character indexes from different varieties， such as relative percentage of germination and relative germination index etc showed significant difference by using multivariate variance analysis. Based on subjection values， the sixteen cultivars were classified into three categories by cluster analysis， Hongyan， Jiansheng1， Wanjiadenghuo， Changhong361， Hongxiu and Beiyanjianjiao No.3 were salt tolerant varieties， whereas Jiansheng2， Bolawuhao， Hongsheng008， Jiansheng3 and Sujiao No.12 were moderately salt tolerant varieties， but Lijian1， Ganxian No.3， Changhong366， Yanhong1 and Yanhong2 were salt sensitive varieties． Related Articles | Metrics

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Genetic diversity of Brassica oleracea var. italica germplasm resources revealed by ISSR analysis#br# WANG Lan1， ZHU Yipeng2， JIANG Ming1,*， LOU Xiaoxiao1， ZHAO Luopeng1， ZHU Keke1， GUAN Ming1 2014, 26(4):  915.  Abstract ( 457 )   PDF (933KB) ( 1187 )    The genetic diversity of 33 broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) germplasm resources， from home and abroad， was investigated using ISSR molecular marker method. Fifteen primers were selected from 100 universal ones， and they produced 211 distinctive bands， including 180 polymorphic sites with 8531% of polymorphic bands. The average Neis genetic diversity index and Shannons information index were 0332 7 and 0487 7， respectively. The genetic distance ranged from 009 to 045 with an average value of 028. Cluster analysis divided the 33 broccoli materials into 4 groups， and showed no obvious correlation with geographic distribution. The results revealed that the ISSR markers could be used to identify broccoli germplasm resources， and the materials tested showed a certain level of genetic diversity． Related Articles | Metrics

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Economic benefits analysis of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Ougan in mountainous region#br# XU Xianghua1， ZHU Guohua2， YAN Fuhua3，* 2014, 26(4):  920.  Abstract ( 583 )   PDF (474KB) ( 1386 )   The cost composition and economic indicators of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Ougan in mountainous region was analyzed by technical and economic analysis method. The results showed that the internal rate of return in 15year production cycle was 3428%， period for recovery of investment was 582 years， the net present value was 299 240 yuan·hm-2， the breakeven point of planned output or earnings price ratio was 5288%. Among the influence factors on economic benefit of cultivation of improved Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Ougan， the effect of sales revenue was the largest， the production cost took the second place. According to market in recent years， its market risk and policy risk were quite low. In order to promote the industry development of Citrus reticulata Blanco cv. Ougan， the government should make fund policies to build orchard， enlarge scope of smallamount loans， or delay the time of repay loans and so on. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on physiological characters of new shoot in different coldresistant tea varieties in autumn#br# HUANG Haitao， YU Jizhong*， WANG Xianbo， ZHANG Wei， ZHOU Tiefeng， AO Cun 2014, 26(4):  925.  Abstract ( 406 )   PDF (422KB) ( 1196 )   In order to investigate the mechanism of cold resistance， six varieties with three levels of cold resistance were selected as the experimental materials. The activities of four enzymes， CAT， POD， SOD and PPO， as well as the contents of soluble protein， soluble sugar and MDA were determined in new shoot of the different cold resistant tea varieties in autumn. The results showed that the activities of POD and the content of soluble sugar were much higher in the varieties with high resistance; the content of soluble protein was associated with the cold resistance， while the cold resistance was not related with the activities of the CAT， SOD and PPO， and the content of MDA. Taken together， the activities of POD， and contents of soluble sugar could be used as indices to detect the cold resistance of tea varieties． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of substrate culture on vine growth and fruit quality in ‘Pione’ grape#br# YANG Xia1， PEI Qingsong2， HE Shuiping3， LU Meidan1， JIA Huijuan1，* 2014, 26(4):  929.  Abstract ( 541 )   PDF (493KB) ( 1189 )   The grape variety ‘Pione (Vitis labrusca × Vitis labrusca) was used in this experiment under substrate (peat∶compost∶vermiculite=4∶1∶1， V/V) culture， and soil culture was taken as the control. Physical and chemical characters of ‘Pione grape under different substrates and its effects on vine growth， phenology and berry quality of ‘Pione grapes were investigated. The results were shown as follows: There is no difference between substrate and soil culture in phenology， chlorophyll content and berry size. Compared with soil， grape cultivated in substrate has smaller leaf area. Substrate improved the color of berries， though the TSS and firmness of flesh was little lower than in soil. It could be related with the high vibration frequency of water content in substrate and the unstable absorbance of nutrition by roots. Its suggested that the integrated management of fertilization and irrigation should be applied to solve these problems． Related Articles | Metrics

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The accumulation and distribution of soluble sugar in garlic#br# WANG Lihui1，2，FANG Yunhua1，2，LIU Qingyuan1，3，LI Li1，2，* 2014, 26(4):  933.  Abstract ( 335 )   PDF (2272KB) ( 1092 )   To explore the dynamic accumulation and distribution of the total soluble sugar content in bulbs，stems，leaves， sprouts and other organs of garlic during infancy to maturing in QinghaiTibet Plateau， Ledu garlic，Xinjiang garlic，Henan garlic and Hebei garlic were used as the materials. The result showed that the content，accumulation and allocation proportion of soluble sugar in bulb were the highest when harvested in the whole growth period for four varieties of garlic，and the soluble sugar content in bulb was significantly higher than that in root，stem， leaf and other organs；in the whole growth period，the changes of soluble sugar content in bulb of Ledu garlic，Xinjiang garlic showed a “W” shape，and those in Henan garlic and Hebei garlic showed a “V” shape. The result indicated that the change trend of soluble sugar contents in root and stem of Ledu garlic decreased firstly and increased at last in the early growth stage; however，the variation tendency of the soluble sugar content，accumulation and distribution ratio in root，stem，leaf of Xinjiang garlic，Henan garlic and Hebei garlic all showed “M” shape，and the values were different depending on varieties. In the same period，the soluble sugar content and distribution of four varieties of garlic in the early stages showed as bulb> stem>leaf> root，and in later growth stage showed as bulb> false stem > root > leaf，and the trend of Ledu garlic and Xinjiang garlic were different because of its bolting characteristic during 48-60 d after budding． Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimizing conditions of protoplast preparation and regeneration of Tricholoma matsutake and its release modes#br# ZHANG Li，GUO ChengJin* 2014, 26(4):  941.  Abstract ( 329 )   PDF (1069KB) ( 1369 )   This study aimed to explore the protoplast preparation and regeneration conditions of Tricholoma matsutake by orthogonal experiment. The results showed that there were four release modes of T. matsutake protoplasts: release from top，release from the side，hyphal fragment end release and release in situ. The optimal protoplast preparation condition was selecting mycelium cultured in liquid medium for 2 d，for enzymolysis in mixed enzyme solution containing 1% cellulose， 1% snailase and 1% lywallzyme at 34℃ for 2 h，with 06 mol·L-1 KCl as osmotic stabilizer，and the obtained preparation rate reached 275 ×107protoplasts·mL-1. The optimal regeneration condition was using mycelium cultured in liquid medium for 2 d，for enzymolysis in enzyme solution containing 1% lywallzyme and 1% snailase at 30℃ for 4 h，with 06 mol·L-1 MgSO4·7H2O as osmotic stabilizer，and the regeneration rate reached 416%． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of zeolite medium on growth of Thuidium cymbifolium gametophyte#br# CHEN Binghong1，2， TANG Weihua1，YING Junhui1， LI Qiuping2，WANG Dongming1，PAN Xiyu1，CHAI Hongling1 2014, 26(4):  948.  Abstract ( 538 )   PDF (653KB) ( 1134 )   Thuidium cymbifolium gametophyte was cultured as experimental material. The effects of zeolite medium on the growth index of Thuidium cymbifolium gametophyte， such as the primary branch length and primary branch number were investigated. The results showed that the best disinfection method was 02% NaClO for 60 s， and the contamination rate， mortality rate on zeolite medium was 0， while the survival rate was 100% after 7 d. It was affected by the zeolite concentration， pH value of medium， agar and sucrose concentration to promote the growth of Thuidium cymbifolium gametophyte on zeolite medium. The optimal condition for the growth of Thuidium cymbifolium gametophyte on zeolite medium was shown as follows: zeolite concentration 20%， pH value 75， agar concentration 10%. The primary branch length was 344 cm， and the number of primary branches was up to 270 after 30 d under that condition． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of exogenous spermidine on the growth of Sophora davidii seedlings under drought stress#br# WANG Qiang1, XU Hongfeng2,*, HAO Mengxia3 2014, 26(4):  954.  Abstract ( 563 )   PDF (2279KB) ( 1206 )   Sophora davidii was used as the test material, to study effects of exogenous spermidine on the growth of Sophora davidii seedlings under drought stress simulated by 85% polyethylene glycol (PEG). The results showed that the chlorophyll content, leaf relative water content, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate in Sophora davidii were improved by exogenous spermidine under drought stress, which was more significant at high concentrations (T5 and T6). In short, when Spd concentration was 000-050 mmol·L-1, the physiological index values gradually increased with increasing concentrations of Spd under drought stress. The concentration of chlorophyll—a and chlorophyll—b were the highest in the 010 mmol·L-1 Spd, which were 1280% and 875% higher than the control. The net photosynthetic rate increased by 4735%, 6265% and 7464% when compared with T1 on 1, 3 and 5 d in the treatment of 05 mmol·L-1 Spd; meanwhile, the transpiration rate increased by 2132%, 1344% and 1369% on 1, 3 and 5 d compared with the control group (CK). Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization on ultrasonic extraction of total yellow pigment from Forsythia suspensa Vahl. based on response surface methodology#br# WANG Lingli， TENG Hongmei*， GONG Miaomiao 2014, 26(4):  961.  Abstract ( 335 )   PDF (1440KB) ( 1099 )   The absorbance of yellow pigment was used as the measurement indicator. The regression equation was established by using four factorsthree levels experimental model of BoxBehnken central composite on the basis of single factor test. The extraction method of yellow pigment from Forsythia suspensa Vahl. was optimized by response surface methodology. The results showed that optimal extraction conditions were as follows: solidliquid ratio of 1∶28， alcohol concentration of 96%， ultrasonic time of 31 min， ultrasonic temperature of 72℃. The practical value was 07355， which was close to the model prediction extraction absorbance of 07557. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of preharvest calcium treatments on nutrients contents in fruits and leaves of kiwifruit#br# ZHANG Tianzhi1，ZHENG Weiwei1，SHAO Xiaolan2，ZHANG Lanlan1，*， XIAO Jinping3， XIE Ming3 2014, 26(4):  966.  Abstract ( 380 )   PDF (570KB) ( 1149 )   In order to explore the influences of preharvest calcium treatments on nutrients contents in fruits and leaves of kiwifruit and the correlation between calcium concentration and each nutrition element content， six different calcium concentrations were designed in this study with spraying or immersing fruits. The results showed that the contents of Ca， Mg and Cu in the leaves of kiwifruit increased significantly after calcium treatments and had a positive correlation with the calcium concentration. The contents of K in leaves decreased as the calcium concentration increased. The Zn and P contents also increased in the leaves after calcium treatment， while it has no significant correlation with calcium concentration as Fe and Mn contents. The contents of Ca， Mg and Zn in fruit increased after calcium treatment， which was positively correlated with calcium concentration. The content of Cu， Fe in fruits increased， but it has no correlation with calcium concentration. It was suggested that spraying calcium can increase Mg content in fruits more effectively. The method of immersing fruits in calcium solution is better for increasing Fe and Mn contents in fruits． Related Articles | Metrics

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Isolation and identification of the pathogen of black plum canker#br# JIANG Cong1，ZHANG Qing2，YAO Zhonghua2，XU Zhigang3，LOU Binggan1，* 2014, 26(4):  971.  Abstract ( 363 )   PDF (813KB) ( 1113 )   Black plum (Prunus americana) canker is a serious disease occurring in recent years in black plum plantation in Zhejiang Province. It mainly infects currentyear shoots， perennial branches and trunks， causing the branches withered and the whole plant died， and finally destroyed the whole black plum orchard. In this study， we collected the typical symptom samples of this disease， isolated and purified the pathogen， and then the pathogenicity determination results showed that the pathogen causing black pulm canker was a kind of bacteria. The pathogenic bacteria was identified as Xanthomonas arboricola pv. Pruni(smith) Vauterin et al. based on the bacteria cell morphology， cultural characteristics， physiological and biochemical characteristics， analysis of fatty acid methylesters (FAME) and 16S rDNA gene sequence． Related Articles | Metrics

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Separation and properties of Phanerochaete chrysosporium TS07 tea saponin decoloring enzyme#br# LI Yanli1，2， CHEN Liezhong1，2，*， TAO Yingni3 2014, 26(4):  976.  Abstract ( 354 )   PDF (599KB) ( 1235 )   A tea saponin decoloring enzyme (TSDE) was separated from Phanerochaete chrysosporium TS07 by using ammonium sulfate precipitation. The separated TSDE activity was 52　971 U·g-1. The effect of pH value on TSDE activity and stability was examined at pH values ranging from 30 to 100. TSDE was completely stable in a wide pH range (30-75) and presented an optimum pH value of 45. The optimum temperature for TSDE was 40℃ and the enzyme was stable at room temperature. It was also found that TSDE was strongly inhibited by Hg2+， while Fe3+, Ca2+ and Ni2+ did not cause any alteration in the activity. TSDE was also resistant to presence of up to 5% H2O2， but it was inhibited in presence of 10% H2O2. The TSDE showed a high percentage of activity in reaction mixtures containing 10% (V/V) of different organic solvents (acetone， isopropanol， ethanol and acetonitrile). The susceptibility of TSDE to inactivation by H2O2 in absence of substrate was also studied and it was found that the enzyme was very stable in presence of up to 025% H2O2． Related Articles | Metrics

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The study of antimicrobial spectrum and stability of fermentation broth produced by antagonistic strain against Dothiorela gregaria#br# Zhang Yanjun* 2014, 26(4):  981.  Abstract ( 378 )   PDF (730KB) ( 1367 )   The antimicrobial spectrum and the stability of fermentation broth produced by antagonistic strain against Dothiorela gregaria were analyzed， which could be a certain theoretical basis for separation and purification of the bacteriostatic components from the fermentation broth. The effects of ZJNU8990 fermentation broth on seven plant pathogenic fungi were tested by plate standopposite culture method or cylinder plate method. The results indicated that it had the better antagonism on Alternaria solani and Gibberella zeae， and had a certain antagonism on Fusarium oxysporium， Rhizoctonia solani and G. zeae， but had no antagonism on Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae nor F. oxysporium. Dothiorela gregaria was used as the indicator bacteria， and the thermal stability， pH stability and light stability of fermentation broth was determined using cylinder plate method. The bacteriostatic activity of fermentation broth of antagonistic strain is stable below 90℃， but it complete loss under 121℃. The bacteriostatic activity decreased slightly with pH decrease under acid condition， and decrease significantly with the pH increases under alkaline condition. In addition， it also decreased slightly under UV light and natural light. So the fermentation broth of antagonistic strain had certain development value and application prospect． Related Articles | Metrics

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Control efficacy and benefit assessment of the control mode based on “green techniques” against leafy vegetable pests#br# HONG Wenying1， WU Yanjun1， LIN Wencai2， WANG Aijuan3， ZHANG Zhouna3， ZHAO Li1 2014, 26(4):  986.  Abstract ( 374 )   PDF (983KB) ( 1371 )   To explore the efficiency of the comprehensive application of the integrated control practices based on “green techniques”， the effect of integrated technology on the population dynamics， structure and diversity of pests in various modes were studied， and its practical effect on the production was evaluated by the method of environmental economics， and compared with those under chemical control. The results showed that the pest control efficiency in integrated prevention plot based on “green techniques” was much better than those in the control plot of conventional application， and its effect on the insect community in vegetable was reflected from the species structure， the diversity index and the distributive evenness of species， especially the dominant pest insects and predatory natural enemies. With green techniques applied in vegetable fields， the chemical insecticide application and the index of population trend of dominant pest insects were decreased greatly， the control effect of natural enemies on major insect pests was increased， the diversity index of insect was increased at the same time. The economic， social and environmental benefit per 667 m2 quarterly in ecological (green techniques) control field were added by 29791， 8063 and 10429 yuan， respectively， obviously better than those benefit in ecological control field. Thus， the scientific application of green techniques， through limited use of chemical insecticides， resumed the destroyed environment of vegetable fields and escalated the control ability of natural enemies to main insect pest， would play an important role in the ecological control of insect pests in vegetable fields. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research on movement rule and early warning model of citrus huanglongbing#br# WANG Enguo1， ZHONG Liequan2,*， MING Ke2， FENG Yifu3 2014, 26(4):  994.  Abstract ( 485 )   PDF (656KB) ( 1361 )   In order to reveal the pattern of invasion and epidemic diffusion of citrus huanglongbing (HLB)， population dynamics of diaphorina citri were systematically monitored at several constant sites， and disease general surveys were conducted as well from 2002 to 2010. The results showed HLB in south and east were more serious than that in north and west respectively during invasion period， while disease spread from south to north with a spire upward trend year by year during diffusion period. A longterm movement cycle of HLB containing invasion， rise， highorder， and decline lasted for 10 years approximately， followed by a epidemic trajectory model: P =-00044N2+0056N -00698 (n =9， r =09552**， r001=07977). An early warning could be issued based on the model when weighted incidence of HLB exceeded 1% in next year. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different conditioners on maturity of vermicomposting of hogwash waste#br# LIU Yaoyuan1，2， ZOU Changwu1，2，*， ZHANG Daxin1， YIN Weiwen1， HAO Yanfen1，2， ZHANG Jiawei1， YANG Ke1 2014, 26(4):  999.  Abstract ( 346 )   PDF (659KB) ( 1166 )   In order to explore the effects of different conditions on maturity of vermicomposting of hogwash waste， the present research using corn straw， greening garbage， tealeaf residue and soil was carried out. It was shown that addition of earthworm could improve the total N (TN) content and the composting efficiency， and thus reduce the degradation time. Composting with corn straw or greening garbage could increase microbial activity， and reduce C/N and toxicity after decomposition. But， composting with corn straw could easily cause TN leaching. Among all conditioners， soil could save the most of the degradation time for the organic matter， and therefore was the most effective choice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of nitrogen rates on N uptake and use efficiency in double season rice and optimization of nitrogen application#br# LIU Taoju， ZHU Bing， JIANG Shaolin， PAN Xingzhe， TANG Jianjun*， ZHANG Xiaodong， HU Wenjun 2014, 26(4):  1004.  Abstract ( 375 )   PDF (570KB) ( 1254 )   In this study, double season rice Poyou 364 and Kyou 117 were used as test materials， the effects of different nitrogen application on double season rice yield， economic efficiency and nitrogen using efficiency were studied. The results showed that rice yield increased with the increase of nitrogen application rates in certain nitrogen range， and then decreased. The yield of early rice Poyou 364 was the highest at nitrogen application rate of 184 kg·hm-2， and the yield of late rice Kyou 117 was the highest at nitrogen application rate of 228 kg·hm-2. The equation between economic benefit of rice and N application rate was established based on the output of grain yield and input of fertilizer， as for early rice: y=-0219 7x2+75787x+2 9547， and for late rice: y=-0167x2+7107x+5 2028， According to the equation， the economic benefit of early rice Poyou 364 and late rice Kyou 117 were the highest at nitrogen application rate of 173 kg·hm-2， and 213 kg·hm-2, respectively. N uptake of grain increased， while N agronomic efficiency decreased， and N recovery efficiency showed a parabola curve with the increase of nitrogen application rates in double season rice. According to the principle of highyield， highefficiency and improving nitrogen use efficiency， optimal N application rate was recommended for double season rice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of bifenthrin degrading bacteria and optimization of its reaction conditions#br# ZHOU Peng， TAO Yugui， SONG Yang 2014, 26(4):  1010.  Abstract ( 357 )   PDF (473KB) ( 1381 )   A bacterial strain capable of degrading bifenthrin was isolated from wastewater treatment sludges， and was designated as TS1. This strain was gram negative bacilli， and it could take bifenthrin as its sole carbon source. In order to optimize the reaction condition for bifenthrin degradation， the effects of initial pH，culture temperature，initial bifenthrin concentration，rotate speed of shaker，carbon source concentration， inoculum size of bifenthrindegradation strains were examined. It was shown that the optimal condition for bifenthrin degradation by TS1 was as follows: pH 70， 30℃， 200 mg·L-1 initial bifenthrin， 150 r·min-1 shaking speed， 10% inoculum size， 100 mg·L-1 glucose as exogenous carbon source. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of management approaches on greenhouse gas emissions in the ricewheat field#br# JIN Guoqiang1， XU Panfeng1， FANG Wenying1， RUAN Guanhai2，*， CHEN Heyun2，3，YAN Chuan2，3 2014, 26(4):  1015.  Abstract ( 369 )   PDF (604KB) ( 1191 )   In order to explore the suitable management approaches for lowcarbon agricultural production in Zhejiang Province， the effects of rice varieties and planting pattern on CH4， N2O and CO2 emission were investigated. It was shown that the cultivation method of wheat and rice significantly influenced greenhouse gas emission during the rice season. Under the management of no tillage， the greenhouse gas emission was the largest， and was significantly higher than the management of rotary tillage. Rice varieties also influenced greenhouse gas emission. The total emissions of CH4， N2O， CO2 and emissions per unit grain yield of hybrid rice varieties were significantly lower than the conventional rice varieties in the tilling stage， jointingbooting stage and filling stage. Besides， soil water potential could impact greenhouse gas emission. Reducing rice irrigation decreased CH4 and CO2 emission in the rice field. But， the excessive lowered irrigation would significantly increase N2O emission yet decrease the grain yield. In conclusion， the greenhouse gas emission in rice field could be significantly reduced by the combined management approaches， including applying hybrid rice variety and rotary tillage， and keeping the soil water potential at -20～-30 kPa. Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatiotemporal characteristics of agricultural climate resources in Zhejiang Province#br# YE Hongbao， SHI Xiaoyan， LI Dong， XU Zhifu* 2014, 26(4):  1021.  Abstract ( 427 )   PDF (3025KB) ( 1201 )    Based on the daily data from 1961 to 2010 collected from 20 meteorological stations in Zhejiang Province，the spatiotemporal characteristics of agricultural climate resources were analyzed. It was shown that annual mean temperature exhibited a significant increasing trend at 027℃ per decade. The accumulated temperature above 10℃ and temperaturedefined growing period were also increased， and the terminate date of 20℃ was delayed. The spatial distributions of heat resource presented a downward trend from north to south. The average sunshine hour was larger in the north than that in the south. During 1961-2010， sunshine hours showed a significant decreasing trend， especially in Jinqu Basin and Taizhou. The annual precipitation increased， while the rainy days decreased， which indicated that the rainfall intensity increased. ET0 analysis presented an obvious annual change characteristic of “decreaselittle fluctuationincrease”. According to the spatial distribution， the highvalue center was located in the inland area and Jinqu Basin， while lowvalue area was located in Lishui. The mean humid index during 1961-2010 was 164 with an increasing trend. The present research would provide reference for planting pattern adjustment to cope with climate change in Zhejiang Province. Related Articles | Metrics

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Growth and decomposition of agricultural total factor productivity in Henan Province under carbon emissions constraint#br# LIU Zhanwei 2014, 26(4):  1031.  Abstract ( 394 )   PDF (636KB) ( 1362 )    Past studies regarding agricultural total factor productivity measurement mostly focused on traditional inputs， and rarely took environmental factors into consideration. Therefore， it is unable to reflect the real growth performance of agriculture. Using the MalmquistLuenberger productivity index method， the present paper analysed the growth and decomposition of agricultural total factor productivity in Henan Province from 2000 to 2012 under carbon emissions constraint. It was shown that the agricultural total factor productivity in Henan Province increased consistently under carbon emissions constraint， but the increase rate exhibited great volatility. The increase was mainly driven by the advances of agricultural technologies. The growth of agricultural total factor productivity showed significant differences among 18 cities in Henan Province. In general， it was the highest in the North Henan. Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on the environmental impact assessment of land renovation planning at countylevel#br# ZHANG Peipei1，2， LIANG Mingxing1， CHEN Lei1， ZHANG Qiuxia3， LIU Xuan3 2014, 26(4):  1037.  Abstract ( 308 )   PDF (541KB) ( 1189 )    Environmental impact assessment of land renovation planning is an important part of land renovation. In the present paper， the concept， method and procedures of environmental impact assessment of land renovation planning was analyzed at the countylevel. Taking Fengqiu County， Henan Province as an example， the assessment system of environmental impact was established. Using the method of expert judgment， the environmental impact assessment was conducted. Based on the evaluation results， the mitigation measures to reduce the adverse impact were formulated. This study was a trial on the environmental impact assessment of land renovation， and thus would provide reference for the future land renovation planning and according environmental impact assessment at county scale for other regions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of clarification technology on the quality of blueberry juice#br# CAO Xuedan1， FANG Xiugui1， ZHOU Weidong2， QI Xingjiang3， ZHAO Kai1 2014, 26(4):  1042.  Abstract ( 560 )   PDF (870KB) ( 1315 )   In order to understand the effect of different clarification technology on physicochemical and sensory quality of blueberry juice， the experiment with enzymatic treatment， adsorption and filtration was conducted. The results indicated that the enzymatic treatment by pectinase (010%) at 45℃ for 1 h could increase the light transmittance， and thus increase L* value， soluble solid and anthocyanin content significantly (P＜005). Gelatin， agarose and bentonite were effective to increase the light transmittance， and addition of agarose (200 mg·L-1) had the best clarification effects as clarity achieved 692%. However， the gelatin and bentonite could reduce the anthocyanin content and a* value. Besides， the bentonite would significantly reduce soluble solids content and cause peculiar flavor. After filtration， the transmittance of blueberry juice reached about 80%. But during the ultrafiltration process， it would cause about 115% loss of anthocyanin Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of ripe stage on nutritional composition and flavor of green mume juice#br# LIN Yueming1，2, YANG Ying2, YANG Xue2，3, LU Shengmin2，*, XIA Qile2 2014, 26(4):  1049.  Abstract ( 392 )   PDF (657KB) ( 1204 )   The effects of ripe stage on nutritional composition and flavor of green mume juice was investigated. Dongqing variety produced in Shangyu city， Zhejiang province， was chosen as raw material. The results indicated that， with the ripe stage of the fruit changed from 70% to 90%， the color of fruit changed from green to reddish yellow， and the flavor of the juice changed from unripe fruity aroma to fragrant aroma similar to peach flavor， total sugar content increased from 185 g·L-1 to 1249 g·L-1， protein content increased from 270 g·L-1 to 540 g·L-1， and total phenol content increased from 041 g·L-1 to 078 g·L-1. While total acidity content decreased from 384% to 292%， citric acid content decreased from 1644 g·L-1 to 1349 g·L-1， malic acid decreased from 651 g·L-1 to 181 g·L-1， while sugaracid ratio increased from 103 to 215. Ripe stage had no effect on amino acid type. 14 amino acids including 6 essential amino acids were detected. With the content of each amino acid increased， the total amino acid content increased from 19166 mg·(100 g)-1 to 26025 mg·(100 g)-1. 27 volatile compositions were detected， with 17 compositions from 70% ripe samples， 20 from 90% ripe ones. The aromatic type changed from green fruity type to floralfruity one， with 1hexanol content decreased from 6942% to 4623%， benzaldehyde content increased from 260% to 504% and linalyl alcohol increased from 113% to 1495%. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of ultrahigh pressure treatment on quality of buckwheat wantuo#br# PENG Dengfeng， CHAI Chunxiang*， ZHANG Kunsheng， WANG Wei 2014, 26(4):  1055.  Abstract ( 457 )   PDF (932KB) ( 1172 )   The buckwheat wantuo were submitted to high pressure treatments at 200， 400， 600 MPa for 20 min at 25℃. In the comparison of the quality with buckwheat wantuo that was not using high pressure treatment， the effects of different pressure on the quality of buckwheat wantuo were studied. In conclusion， in the aspect of sensory score， the buckwheat wantuo under 200 MPa pressure treatment had highest sensory score and was better than the control and the buckwheat wantuo under 400 and 600 MPa pressure treatment. In the aspect of texture， ultrahigh pressure had significant difference on the hardness， adhesiveness， gumminess， chewiness and resilience of buckwheat wantuo (P<005). Ultrahigh pressure had no significant difference in the springiness and cohesiveness of buckwheat wantuo (P>005). In the aspect of color， the ΔE* value of buckwheat wantuo under ultrahigh pressure was less than 2， it demonstrated that ultrahigh pressure had no impact on the color of buckwheat wantuo. In the aspect of moisture content and water activity， it had basically no effect on it. In the aspect of the colony number， ultrahigh pressure treatment could obviously prolong the shelflife of buckwheat wantuo. In the aspect of volatile flavor， 200 MPa pressure treatment had no effect on the volatile flavor of buckwheat wantuo. It showed that the buckwheat wantuo treated by 200 MPa pressure could make buckwheat wantuo better quality and longer shelflife. Related Articles | Metrics

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Component concentration of organic sulfides in garlic leaf extracts at different developmental stages#br# SUN Xiquan*， LI Huan*， LI Li， JIANG Qin， SUN Qiaoqiao， YANG Di， MA Zhaoli， SUN Dianting 2014, 26(4):  1062.  Abstract ( 353 )   PDF (889KB) ( 1134 )   Based on the biological activity and pharmacological effects of garlic， we analyzed and identified organic sulfides contained in fresh garlic leaf extracts at four developmental stages with GCMS by organic solvent extraction method. Four different periods included: one month， two months， five months (including 2-3 months of winter hibernation) and seven months (mature) after planting. The results showed that the main composition of garlic leaf extracts could be divided into three categories: allyl sulfides， heterocyclic sulfides and alkyl sulfides， containing a number of components of garlic oil. Garlic leaf extracts composition and relative contents varied during development and ripening. A significant increase in organic sulfur was observed when the garlic was two months and seven months old. The most representative compositions were diallyl disulphide and 3vinyl1，2dithiacyclohex5ene， whose relative contents were 609%，1567%，235% and 1309%; 400%，1058%，230% and 149%， respectively. Related Articles | Metrics

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Temperature distribution of Brassica chinensis L. in the freezer made of phase change material XIA Quangang，LIU Baolin*，WANG Xin 2014, 26(4):  1068.  Abstract ( 386 )   PDF (682KB) ( 1355 )   An innovative refrigeration system incorporating phase change material (PCM) is proposed to overcome uneven cooling during refrigerated transportation of leafy vegetable. Taking Brassica chinensis L. as an example of leafy vegetable， its temperature change and distribution during cooling and warming process was systematically recorded and analyzed. It was shown that the temperature fluctuation during cooling process was significantly reduced to 2℃(P<001) when PCM was incorporated into the refrigerated container. The difference of temperature between main vein and small veins was also reduced. During the storage process， the temperature fluctuation was reduced up to 258% with PCM incorporation. Besides， the temperature increase during warming process was slowed down with addition of PCM. In summary， application of PCM into refrigerated container could reduce temperature fluctuation during refrigerated transportation and thus benefit the preservation and cold storage of vegetables and fruits. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of mashing procedure parameters on yielding rate of wort using extruded wheat as brewing adjunct#br# WANG Yulu， ZHENG Hui， LI Hongjun* 2014, 26(4):  1073.  Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (519KB) ( 1168 )   In order to optimize the mashing procedures to increase the yielding rate of wort made from extruded wheat， the effects of parameters including water/grain ratio， the content of extruded wheat， duration of protein interregna at 50℃， saccharification time at 62℃ and 70℃， respectively， on yielding rate of wort were analyzed by the BoxBenhnken central combination design and response surface methodology. The mashing procedures were optimized as follows: the water/grain ratio was 416(V/m)， the content of extruded wheat was 310%， the protein interregna time at 50℃ was 50 min， and the saccharification time at 62℃ and 70℃ was 50 and 30 min， respectively. Following the above optimized procedures， the yielding rate of wort could reach 6971%. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation and analysis of 7 kinds of trace elements in Lentinus edodes#br# LU Jianfei， LIANG Chizhou 2014, 26(4):  1078.  Abstract ( 488 )   PDF (1970KB) ( 1171 )   The content of 7 kinds of trace elements， Cu， Fe， Zn， Cr， Ni， Se and Mn， were determined by ICPMS in 10 counties (cities， districts) of Zhejiang province. The statistical analysis showed that the content of 7 kinds of elements fitted normal or lognormal distribution. The background values were 86029 mg·kg-1 for Zn， 53845 mg·kg-1 for Fe， 22159 mg·kg-1 for Mn， 10912 mg·kg-1 for Cu， 00473 mg·kg-1 for Se， 00056 mg·kg-1 for Cr and 0 mg·kg-1 for Ni. It showed regional differences and overall positive correlation among the content of 7 trace elements. Compared with the ordinary vegetables， the content of Zn was 3-5 times higher， the content of Cu was 1-2 times higher， and Mn and Se content were similar. The contents of Ni and Cr were far lower than the national food safety standards. Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and characterization of glyoxalase III enzymes in two model yeast#br# PENG Jingjing 2014, 26(4):  1084.  Abstract ( 471 )   PDF (1137KB) ( 1195 )   Most recently， a GSHindependent glyoxalase pathway was identified in Escherichia coli， Caenorhabditis elegans， mice and humans. Mechanisms of MG detoxicification include the glutathione (GSH)dependent pathway consisting of glyoxalase Ⅰ (GLO1) and glyoxalase Ⅱ (GLO2)， and GSHindependent pathway catalyzed by glyoxalase Ⅲ (GLO3). E. coli Hsp31 and metazoan DJ1 proteins， belong to two different subfamilies of the Hsp31/DJ1 superfamily， have been demonstrated to have GLO3 activity. However， genes encoding GLO3 have not been reported in fungi. We performed a systematic survey of homologs of Hsp31 and DJ1 in fungi. We found that Hsp31 proteins are widely distributed among different fungal groups， whereas DJ1 proteins have a very limited distribution in fungi. Phylogenetic analysis of these sequences revealed that fungal Hsp31 and DJ1 proteins form two distinct monophyletic groups， and that fungal Hsp31 proteins can clearly be divided into different classes. One Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hsp31 protein (ScHsp31) and Schizosaccharomyces pombe DJ1 (SpDJ1) have GLO3 activity in vitro. Our results revealed that fungal homologs of the Hsp31/DJ1 superfamily could be GLO3， which may have some roles in protecting cells from MG toxicity. Our results also support the view that GLO3 activity likely evolved through convergent evolution. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of monitoring system in greenhouse based on CAN bus and GPRS#br# LI Shihong， CHEN Bin， HU Huipu 2014, 26(4):  1090.  Abstract ( 461 )   PDF (705KB) ( 1262 )   Since the greenhouse has wide range and many environmental factors， we developed the greenhouse control system based on CAN bus and GPRS. The system can collect temperature， humidity， light and CO2 concentration and other environmental parameters. All data is uploaded via CAN bus and GPRS to a remote host computer. The greenhouses temperature and humidity， ventilation equipment， supplementary light switch can be controled by the remote host computer. The remote software is developed by KingView. The experiment showed that the system works well and it can satisfy the needs of automatic monitoring of greenhouse. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of 5HZL1200 type maize ear vertical drying system#br# FEI Qiang1， ZHAO WuYun1，*， DAI Fei1， YANG WanXia1， LI Lili1， WANG Guangwan2， LIU Guochun2 2014, 26(4):  1095.  Abstract ( 398 )   PDF (1399KB) ( 1304 )   Corn grain drying not only required high productivity， but also guaranteed the quality of the dry ear. Consequently， we designed 5HZL1200 type maize ear vertical drying system， the control part of which was corn grain drying monitoring system developed on the Kingview. The problems of low efficiency of seeds drying， artificial error etc. have been overcome. The experimental results of using the vertical drying system for corn grain drying experiment showed that adopting vertical type of drying made its drying time 21 h shorter than that of flat drying; moreover， the precipitation rate was increased on average by 428%， and corn grain crushing rate was reduced by 22%. The system had been proved to have a series of characteristics， including high thermal efficiency， small occupied area， good drying quality， low unit cost， high automation， etc. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design and application of crystal pear growth monitoring system#br# WANG Xingwang1，2 2014, 26(4):  1100.  Abstract ( 377 )   PDF (625KB) ( 1165 )   Based on a thorough understanding of wireless sensor network， we designed and developed crystal pear growth monitoring system with the modern wireless technology. We proposed CC2430 chips as the core and integral transform PID control algorithm as the main control mode. The system can monitor and regulate air temperature and humidity， soil moisture， light intensity etc， so it can realtime monitor and adjust the crystal pear parameter information or alarming. The system was used in Shanghai Cangqiao crystal pear base， the results showed that the system is superior to the traditional mode of operation in the control of greenhouse temperature and humidity and improving the crystal pear quality rate etc. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research and application of agricultural internet of things in integrated agriculture zones#br# SUN Xuegang1， LIN Weihong2， NIE Pengcheng3，*， YAO Jiansong4， LIU Fei3， HE Yong3 2014, 26(4):  1105.  Abstract ( 400 )   PDF (1605KB) ( 1431 )   To promote the informatization and intelligent level and improve the production efficiency and benefits of integrated agriculture zones， the hardware and software structure of frontend information acquisition system and backend intelligent control system of internet of things (IOT) were designed and developed， and the equipments for information acquisition and intelligent control were also developed for IOT in integrated agriculture zones. Frontend information acquisition system consisted of sensor node design， network layout and sensor configuration， et al.， and backend intelligent control system consisted of expert system， intelligent frequency conversion irrigation system and automatic greenhouse control system， et al. The developed system and equipments were applied successfully in Haining， Zhejiang province， China， and it had significant meaning for the development of agricultural informatization and intellectualization. Related Articles | Metrics

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Current situation and development strategy on Chinese Smart Apiculture#br# YOU Zhaotong1，YU Yijun2，KONG Yaguang3 2014, 26(4):  1111.  Abstract ( 463 )   PDF (661KB) ( 1268 )   The concept of “Smart Apiculture” derived from Smart Planet， is the advanced stage of apiculture. Internet of things， mobile internet of things and data mining are integrated in smart apiculture, And their application in smart breeding， production， transport and electronic business could reduce the labor strength of bee breeding， promote the quality of raw materials， and achieve the highest goal of the balanced development of overall benefit. Now adays, apiculture is a big industry in China， but not powerful. This paper analyzed the present domestic and foreign situation of smart apiculture， and proposed the countermeasure for Chinese Smart Apiculture development， including strengthening the toplevel design of government， innovating the business model， and wide application of smart breed/smart product/smart transport， in order to actively promote industrial upgrading. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation and spatial pattern of rurality in Zhejiang Province#br# LIN Min， ZHANG Mingzhuo*， TAO Shuyuan 2014, 26(4):  1116.  Abstract ( 375 )   PDF (816KB) ( 1224 )   In order to study spatial pattern of rurality in Zhejiang Province， the rurality index and evaluation model was constructed in the present paper based on previous research. Taking 69 counties and cities in Zhejiang Province as empirical units， the spatial pattern of rurality in Zhejiang Province was quantitatively analyzed with ArcGIS and GeoDA software. It was shown that the spatial pattern of rurality in Zhejiang Province exhibited a strong trend of spatial correlation and the aggregation kept growing in general. From the local perspective， “hot spots” of rurality concentrated in the southwest Zhejiang， and its spatial structure headed to the west， and increased progressively. While， “cold spots” of rurality concentrated in the northwest Zhejiang， and decreased remarkably over time. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis on farmers demand for technology and its influencing factors#br# ——An empirical study on watermelon farmers in Henan and Zhejiang Provinces ZHAO Jiang1， ZHOU Zhongli2， WU Jingxue2，* 2014, 26(4):  1122.  Abstract ( 474 )   PDF (673KB) ( 1216 )   Based on the questionnaire investigation for 519 watermelon farmers in Henan and Zhejiang province， this paper analyzed the status quo on the demand of different types of agricultural technology and influencing factors of the demand. The results showed that at present the improved variety and pest control techniques is most needed; nearly ninety percent of the farmers did not attend any related technical training about watermelon planting; the watermelon farmers classified by different household characteristics and technical performance had different demand behaviors. At last， the countermeasures and suggestions were given pertinently. Related Articles | Metrics

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Investigation and analysis on application of agricultural advanced suitable technologies in Zhejiang Province#br# YANG Tianhui1，2， CHEN Jinhong1，* 2014, 26(4):  1128.  Abstract ( 369 )   PDF (820KB) ( 1182 )   Aimd at altering the current status of lower contribution rate of agricultural technology in Zhejiang province， this paper collected and sorted advanced and applicable technology recommended by department of agriculture of Zhejiang province from 2007 to 2012， mainly investigated the access to technology and application characteristics， summarized the typical experience of the technical application， analyzed the problems in the technology extension， presented corresponding measures of improving technology application rate， expanding technology application range and increasing technology contribution rate. Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of network transmission of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis during the period from 2005 to 2012#br# ZHANG Yun， YUAN Zuimin*， CHEN Huaping， GAO Jun 2014, 26(4):  1134.  Abstract ( 355 )   PDF (681KB) ( 1252 )   Using the statistical data collected from the statistical analysis platform for Chinese Academic Journal Evaluation in CNKI， this research analyzed the network transmission performance on the indices such as local download and browse quantity， the institution of the authors， the disciplines of the browsed literatures and the sectional distribution of browse quantity of the literatures， based on the browse and download quantity of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis from 2005 to 2012. Through this research， it was hoped to made deep analysis for the network transmission performance in the recent 8 years and provide some reference for the future development and to improve the level of Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis． Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progresses of lignin biodegradation FU Chunxia1， FU Yunxia2， QIU Zhongping1，*，JIANG Haitao1， LIU Zhigang1， HUA Jianjun1 2014, 26(4):  1139.  Abstract ( 424 )   PDF (970KB) ( 1474 )    As an important natural organic material， lignin is often implemented as barrier ingredient due to its complicated structure for degradation. Biodegradation is an effective method to utilize lignin with advantages of low pollution and low energy consumption. In the present paper， the molecule structure of lignin， degradation bacterium types， principles and applications of lignin biodegradation were summarized， to provide references for further researches and possible applications of lignin biodegradation. Related Articles | Metrics