浙江省马铃薯种质资源的表型鉴定与多样性分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.11.01

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (11): 2319-2328.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.11.01

浙江省马铃薯种质资源的表型鉴定与多样性分析

沈升法(), 项超, 李兵, 罗志高, 吴列洪()

浙江省农业科学院作物与核技术利用研究所,浙江杭州 310021

收稿日期:2022-03-09 出版日期:2022-11-25 发布日期:2022-11-29
作者简介:*吴列洪,E-mail: zwsgsza@zaas.ac.cn
沈升法(1969—),男,浙江富阳人,学士,副研究员,从事薯类育种与栽培研究。E-mail:3398809937@qq.com
通讯作者: 吴列洪
基金资助:
浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项(2021C02064-1);浙江省物种品种资源保护费项目(111721301354052231-1-4)

Phenotypic identification and diversity analysis of potato germplasm resources in Zhejiang Province, China

SHEN Shengfa(), XIANG Chao, LI Bing, LUO Zhigao, WU Liehong()

Institute of Crops and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021,China

Received:2022-03-09 Online:2022-11-25 Published:2022-11-29
Contact: WU Liehong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解浙江省马铃薯地方种质资源特征特性,鉴定并筛选出优异种质,2019—2020年对浙江省第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动中征集的95份马铃薯种质资源的13个质量性状和6个数量性状进行了调查和分析。结果表明,浙江省马铃薯地方种质资源的表型遗传多样性比较丰富。质量性状的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为0.380~1.686,其中,病毒病的多样性指数最高,说明收集的种质资源存在不同程度的病毒性退化;食味的多样性指数最低,食味优的种质有88份,占资源数的92.63%。10个形态性状的多样性指数平均值为1.079,其中薯形、肉色和花冠色3个性状的遗传多样性最为丰富。6个数量性状的多样性指数均高,平均值为2.84,块茎产量、主茎数尤为突出。块茎干物质含量在18.1%~25.8%,其中干物质含量 ≥ 20%的种质有73份,占资源数的76.84%。95份种质资源按照块茎形态特征可归类为小马铃薯种质62份、中大马铃薯种质21份和彩色马铃薯12份。小马铃薯种质黄皮黄肉,干物质含量较高,蒸煮食味优。根据种质的表型特异性,筛选出优异种质9份,可用于生产开发和育种利用。

关键词: 马铃薯, 种质资源, 表型多样性

Abstract:

To understand the characteristics of local potato germplasm resources and screen out excellent materials in Zhejiang Province, 13 qualitative traits and 6 quantitative traits of 95 potato germplasm resources collected in the Third National Agricultural Germplasm Census and Collection Action of Zhejiang Province were investigated and analyzed in 2019-2020. The results showed that the phenotypic genetic diversity of the local germplasm resources was relatively rich. Shannon-Wiener diversity index of quality traits ranged from 0.380 to 1.686, of which the diversity index of viral diseases was the highest, indicating that these germplasm resources were with different degrees of viral degradation. The diversity index of flavor was the lowest, and there were 88 germplasm resources with good flavor, accounting for 92.63%. The average diversity index of the 10 morphological traits was 1.079, of which three traits of tuber shape, flesh color and corolla color showed the most abundant diversity. The diversity indexes of the six quantitative traits were high, with an average of 2.84, and the tuber yield and number of main stems were particularly prominent. The tuber dry matter contents of the germplasm resources varied from 18.1% to 25.8%, of which 73 resources with dry matter content ≥ 20%, accounting for 76.84%. The 95 germplasm resources could be classified as small potato germplasm (62 resources), medium and large potato germplasm (21 resources) and colored potato (12 resources). All small potato resources were yellow tuber skin and flesh, high dry matter content and good cooking flavor. Nine excellent resources were screened and could be used for production and breeding.

Key words: potato, germplasm, phenotypic diversity

中图分类号:

S532

沈升法, 项超, 李兵, 罗志高, 吴列洪. 浙江省马铃薯种质资源的表型鉴定与多样性分析[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(11): 2319-2328.

SHEN Shengfa, XIANG Chao, LI Bing, LUO Zhigao, WU Liehong. Phenotypic identification and diversity analysis of potato germplasm resources in Zhejiang Province, China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(11): 2319-2328.

图/表 8

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编号 Code	名称 Name	编号 Code	名称 Name	编号 Code	名称 Name
P01	黄肉洋芋Huangrouyangyu	P33	同山种Tongshanzhong	P65	上虞种Shangyuzhong
P02	白肉洋芋Bairouyangyu	P34	浬浦种Lipuzhong	P66	大麦黄Damaihuang
P03	圆洋芋Yuanyangyu	P35	蘑菇洋芋Moguyangyu	P67	武义红皮Wuyihongpi
P04	淳安黄皮Chun’anhuangpi	P36	仙居红皮Xianjuhongpi	P68	新宅种Xinzhaizhong
P05	淳安红皮Chun’anhongpi	P37	朱溪种Zhuxizhong	P69	浦江种Pujiangzhong
P06	建德种Jiandezhong	P38	仙居小黄皮Xianjuxiaohuangpi	P70	浦江红皮Pujianghongpi
P07	宁海红皮Ninghaihongpi	P39	梁山种Liangshanzhong	P71	磐安小黄皮Pan’anxiaohuangpi
P08	宁海种Ninghaizhong	P40	黄洋芋Huangyangyu	P72	磐安红皮Pan’anhongpi
P09	登杆土豆Denggantudou	P41	浪广种Langguangzhong	P73	紫皮土豆Zipitudou
P10	甘肃种Gansuzhong	P42	临安种Lin’anzhong	P74	扁籽Bianzi
P11	红洋番薯Hongyangfanshu	P43	贼勿偷zeiwutou	P75	圆籽Yuanzi
P12	泰顺芋Taishunyu	P44	瑞安种Ruianzhong	P76	东阳种Dongyangzhong
P13	沿溪红皮Yanxihongpi	P45	嘉善种Jiashanzhong	P77	讨饭洋芋Taofanyangyu
P14	大莱种Dalaizhong	P46	干窑种Ganyaozhong	P78	柯城种Kechengzhong
P15	麻铺种Mapuzhong	P47	萧山种Xiaoshanzhong	P79	常山种Changshanzhong
P16	沿溪种Yanxizhong	P48	立夏黄Lixiahuang	P80	社阳种Sheyangzhong
P17	大溪口种Daxikouzhong	P49	桐庐种Tongluzhong	P81	龙游种Longyouzhong
P18	柳城种Liuchengzhong	P50	航头种Hangtouzhong	P82	定海大黄芋Dinghaidahuangyu
P19	南阳种Nanyangzhong	P51	象山种Xiangshanzhong	P83	黄岩大黄芋Huangyandahuangyu
P20	西川种Xichuanzhong	P52	象山红皮Xiangshanhongpi	P84	三门小黄皮Sanmenxiaohuangpi
P21	长兴种Changxingzhong	P53	慈溪种Cixizhong	P85	三门红皮Sanmenhongpi
P22	河山种Heshanzhong	P54	瓯海种Ouhaizhong	P86	黄皮洋芋Huangpiyangyu
P23	南庄种Nanzhuangzhong	P55	大门种Damenzhong	P87	仙居猪腰芋Xianjuzhuyaoyu
P24	景宁种Jingningzhong	P56	岩头种Yantouzhong	P88	温岭小洋芋Wenlingxiaoyangyu
P25	大均种Dajunzhong	P57	永嘉种Yongjiazhong	P89	水岙种Shuiaozhong
P26	黄田种Huangtianzhong	P58	平阳种Pingyangzhong	P90	莲都种Lianduzhong
P27	庆元种 Qingyuanzhong	P59	白花扁芋Baihuabianyu	P91	青田腰子芋Qingtianyaoziyu
P28	开化种Kaihuazhong	P60	泰顺种Taishunzhong	P92	青田红皮Qingtianhongpi
P29	衢江种 Qujiangzhong	P61	贵坑种Guikengzhong	P93	缙云猪腰芋Jinyunzhuyaoyu
P30	太真种Taizhenzhong	P62	平湖种Pinghuzhong	P94	河北种Hebeizhong
P31	黄岩种Huangyanzhong	P63	桐乡种Tongxiangzhong	P95	前村种Qiancunzhong
P32	诸暨种Zhujizhong	P64	德清种Deqingzhong

编号 Code	名称 Name	编号 Code	名称 Name	编号 Code	名称 Name
P01	黄肉洋芋Huangrouyangyu	P33	同山种Tongshanzhong	P65	上虞种Shangyuzhong
P02	白肉洋芋Bairouyangyu	P34	浬浦种Lipuzhong	P66	大麦黄Damaihuang
P03	圆洋芋Yuanyangyu	P35	蘑菇洋芋Moguyangyu	P67	武义红皮Wuyihongpi
P04	淳安黄皮Chun’anhuangpi	P36	仙居红皮Xianjuhongpi	P68	新宅种Xinzhaizhong
P05	淳安红皮Chun’anhongpi	P37	朱溪种Zhuxizhong	P69	浦江种Pujiangzhong
P06	建德种Jiandezhong	P38	仙居小黄皮Xianjuxiaohuangpi	P70	浦江红皮Pujianghongpi
P07	宁海红皮Ninghaihongpi	P39	梁山种Liangshanzhong	P71	磐安小黄皮Pan’anxiaohuangpi
P08	宁海种Ninghaizhong	P40	黄洋芋Huangyangyu	P72	磐安红皮Pan’anhongpi
P09	登杆土豆Denggantudou	P41	浪广种Langguangzhong	P73	紫皮土豆Zipitudou
P10	甘肃种Gansuzhong	P42	临安种Lin’anzhong	P74	扁籽Bianzi
P11	红洋番薯Hongyangfanshu	P43	贼勿偷zeiwutou	P75	圆籽Yuanzi
P12	泰顺芋Taishunyu	P44	瑞安种Ruianzhong	P76	东阳种Dongyangzhong
P13	沿溪红皮Yanxihongpi	P45	嘉善种Jiashanzhong	P77	讨饭洋芋Taofanyangyu
P14	大莱种Dalaizhong	P46	干窑种Ganyaozhong	P78	柯城种Kechengzhong
P15	麻铺种Mapuzhong	P47	萧山种Xiaoshanzhong	P79	常山种Changshanzhong
P16	沿溪种Yanxizhong	P48	立夏黄Lixiahuang	P80	社阳种Sheyangzhong
P17	大溪口种Daxikouzhong	P49	桐庐种Tongluzhong	P81	龙游种Longyouzhong
P18	柳城种Liuchengzhong	P50	航头种Hangtouzhong	P82	定海大黄芋Dinghaidahuangyu
P19	南阳种Nanyangzhong	P51	象山种Xiangshanzhong	P83	黄岩大黄芋Huangyandahuangyu
P20	西川种Xichuanzhong	P52	象山红皮Xiangshanhongpi	P84	三门小黄皮Sanmenxiaohuangpi
P21	长兴种Changxingzhong	P53	慈溪种Cixizhong	P85	三门红皮Sanmenhongpi
P22	河山种Heshanzhong	P54	瓯海种Ouhaizhong	P86	黄皮洋芋Huangpiyangyu
P23	南庄种Nanzhuangzhong	P55	大门种Damenzhong	P87	仙居猪腰芋Xianjuzhuyaoyu
P24	景宁种Jingningzhong	P56	岩头种Yantouzhong	P88	温岭小洋芋Wenlingxiaoyangyu
P25	大均种Dajunzhong	P57	永嘉种Yongjiazhong	P89	水岙种Shuiaozhong
P26	黄田种Huangtianzhong	P58	平阳种Pingyangzhong	P90	莲都种Lianduzhong
P27	庆元种 Qingyuanzhong	P59	白花扁芋Baihuabianyu	P91	青田腰子芋Qingtianyaoziyu
P28	开化种Kaihuazhong	P60	泰顺种Taishunzhong	P92	青田红皮Qingtianhongpi
P29	衢江种 Qujiangzhong	P61	贵坑种Guikengzhong	P93	缙云猪腰芋Jinyunzhuyaoyu
P30	太真种Taizhenzhong	P62	平湖种Pinghuzhong	P94	河北种Hebeizhong
P31	黄岩种Huangyanzhong	P63	桐乡种Tongxiangzhong	P95	前村种Qiancunzhong
P32	诸暨种Zhujizhong	P64	德清种Deqingzhong

性状Trait	性状描述与赋值Description and assignment of trait
株形Plant type	直立=1;半直立=2;开展=3 Erect=1; Semi-erect=2; Spreading=3
植株繁茂性Plant vigor	强=1;中=2;弱=3 Vigorous=1; Medium=2; Weak=3
叶色Leaf colour	浅绿=1;绿=2;深绿=3 Light green=1; Green=2; Dark green=3
茎色Stem colour	绿=1;褐=2;紫=3;深紫=4 Green=1; Brown=2; Purple=3; Dark purple=4
花冠色Corolla colou	白=1;黄=2;浅紫=3;紫=4 White=1; Yellow=2; Light purple=3; Purple=4
薯形Tuber shape	圆形=1;卵形=2;扁椭圆=3;椭圆形=4;长方=5;纺锤=6 Round=1; Ovate=2; Flat elliptic=3; Elliptic=4; Oblong=5; Fusiform=6
芽眼深浅Eye depth	浅=1;中=2;深=3 Shallow=1; Medium=2; Deep=3
皮色Skin colour	白=1;浅黄=2;黄=3;褐=4;浅红=5;红=6;紫=7 Cream=1; Light yellow=2; Yellow=3; Brown=4; Reddish=5; Red=6; Purple=7
肉色Flesh colour	白=1;浅黄=2;黄=3;深黄=4 White=1; Light yellow=2; Yellow=3; Dark yellow=4
块茎大小Tuber size	小=1;中=2;大=3 Small=1; Medium=2;Large=3
熟性Maturity	早熟(60~69 d)=1;中早熟(70~79 d)=2;中熟(80~89 d)=3;中晚熟(90~99 d)=4;晚(≥100 d)=5 Early(60-69 d)=1; Middle-early(70-79 d)=2; Middle(80-89 d)=3; Middle-late (90-99 d)=4; Late(≥100 d)=5
食味 Flavor	差=1;中等=2;优=3 Poor=1; Fair=2; Good=3
病毒病Viral disease	无=1;很轻=2;轻=3;中等=4;重=5;极重=6 Absent=1; Very slight=2; Slight=3; Medium=4; Severe=5; Very severe=6

性状Trait	性状描述与赋值Description and assignment of trait
株形Plant type	直立=1;半直立=2;开展=3 Erect=1; Semi-erect=2; Spreading=3
植株繁茂性Plant vigor	强=1;中=2;弱=3 Vigorous=1; Medium=2; Weak=3
叶色Leaf colour	浅绿=1;绿=2;深绿=3 Light green=1; Green=2; Dark green=3
茎色Stem colour	绿=1;褐=2;紫=3;深紫=4 Green=1; Brown=2; Purple=3; Dark purple=4
花冠色Corolla colou	白=1;黄=2;浅紫=3;紫=4 White=1; Yellow=2; Light purple=3; Purple=4
薯形Tuber shape	圆形=1;卵形=2;扁椭圆=3;椭圆形=4;长方=5;纺锤=6 Round=1; Ovate=2; Flat elliptic=3; Elliptic=4; Oblong=5; Fusiform=6
芽眼深浅Eye depth	浅=1;中=2;深=3 Shallow=1; Medium=2; Deep=3
皮色Skin colour	白=1;浅黄=2;黄=3;褐=4;浅红=5;红=6;紫=7 Cream=1; Light yellow=2; Yellow=3; Brown=4; Reddish=5; Red=6; Purple=7
肉色Flesh colour	白=1;浅黄=2;黄=3;深黄=4 White=1; Light yellow=2; Yellow=3; Dark yellow=4
块茎大小Tuber size	小=1;中=2;大=3 Small=1; Medium=2;Large=3
熟性Maturity	早熟(60~69 d)=1;中早熟(70~79 d)=2;中熟(80~89 d)=3;中晚熟(90~99 d)=4;晚(≥100 d)=5 Early(60-69 d)=1; Middle-early(70-79 d)=2; Middle(80-89 d)=3; Middle-late (90-99 d)=4; Late(≥100 d)=5
食味 Flavor	差=1;中等=2;优=3 Poor=1; Fair=2; Good=3
病毒病Viral disease	无=1;很轻=2;轻=3;中等=4;重=5;极重=6 Absent=1; Very slight=2; Slight=3; Medium=4; Severe=5; Very severe=6

性状 Trait	性状频率 Trait frequency/%							多样性指数 Diversity index
性状 Trait	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	多样性指数 Diversity index
株形Plant type	15.79	82.11	2.11	0	0	0	0	0.771
植株繁茂性Plant vigor	69.47	29.47	1.05	0	0	0	0	0.954
叶色Leaf colour	5.26	81.05	13.68	0	0	0	0	0.862
茎色Stem colour	84.21	6.32	8.42	1.05	0	0	0	0.830
花冠色Corolla colour	72.92	10.42	10.42	6.25	0	0	0	1.262
薯形Tuber shape	3.16	10.53	5.26	69.47	5.26	6.32	0	1.563
芽眼深浅Eye depth	29.47	65.26	5.26	0	0	0	0	1.145
皮色Skin colour	2.11	3.16	82.11	0	7.37	4.21	1.05	1.047
肉色Flesh colour	6.32	3.16	62.11	28.42	0	0	0	1.352
块茎大小Tuber size	65.26	33.68	1.05	0	0	0	0	1.000
熟性Maturity	1.05	14.74	80.00	4.21	0	0	0	0.960
食味 Flavor	0	7.37	92.63	0	0	0	0	0.380
病毒病Virus disease	16.84	55.79	21.05	2.11	4.21	0	0	1.686

浙江省马铃薯种质资源的表型鉴定与多样性分析

Phenotypic identification and diversity analysis of potato germplasm resources in Zhejiang Province, China

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性状 Trait	最大值 Maximum	最小值 Minimum	平均值 Average	标准差 Standard deviation	变异系数 Coefficient of variation/%	多样性指数 Diversity index
株高Plant height/cm	98.3	37.5	67.3	12.39	18.41	2.762
茎粗Stem diameter/mm	11.3	4.1	7.5	1.13	15.17	2.753
主茎数Number of main stems	7.6	1.8	4.3	1.16	26.75	2.955
单株块茎数Number of tubers per plant	15.8	6.2	11.2	2.07	18.57	2.818
块茎产量Tuber yield/(t·hm^-2)	33.2	6.6	18.0	5.36	29.82	2.969
块茎干物质含量Tuber dry matter content/%	25.8	18.1	22.3	1.96	8.80	2.795

类型 Type	株高范围 Range of plant height/cm	种质 Germplasm
高株型 High plant	75.3~84.8	P03、P04、P06、P09、P10、P15、P26、P27、P28、P29、P49、P51、P53、P55、P59、P60、P62、P68、P69、P71、P76、P77、P84
中株型 Medium plant	60.3~74.8	P08、P12、P14、P18、P19、P22、P23、P24、P25、P32、P33、P38、P41、P42、P44、P46、P48、P50、P57、P61、P63、P78、P79、P80、P81、P88、P89、P90
低株型Low plant	37.5~56.7	P16、P20、P21、P30、P34、P35、P45、P47、P64、P65、P66

编号 Code	皮色 Skin color	肉色 Flesh color	块茎大小 Tuber size	薯形 Tuber shape	熟性 Maturity	病毒病 Viral disease	株高 Plant height/cm	块茎产量 Tuber yield/ (kg·hm^-2)	单株块茎数 Number of tubers per plant	块茎干物质含量 Tuber dry matter content/%	食味 Flavor
P59	3	3	1	3	3	2	84.8	28.0	13.7	20.2	3
P26	3	3	1	4	3	1	78.3	27.0	13.1	24.4	3
P38	4	4	1	1	2	2	66.7	26.8	14.6	23.4	3
P03	3	3	1	4	2	1	83.2	26.7	14.2	23.4	3
P88	3	3	1	1	3	2	67.6	10.9	15.8	23.4	3
P44	4	4	1	2	3	1	71.6	14.9	12.4	25.8	3

编号 Code	皮色 Skin color	肉色 Flesh color	块茎大小 Tuber size	薯形 Tuber shape	熟性 Maturity	病毒病 Viral disease	株高 Plant height/cm	块茎产量 Tuber yield/ (kg·hm^-2)	单株块茎数 Number of tubers per plant	块茎干物质含量 Tuber dry matter content/%	食味 Flavor
P01	3	4	2	4	2	1	76.5	27.7	11.2	20.6	3
P02	1	1	2	5	2	1	48.7	25.6	10.5	18.6	2
P17	3	3	2	4	3	1	70.4	20.5	8.7	23.9	3
P31	4	4	2	2	3	2	73.1	13.1	10.2	20.6	3
P37	3	3	2	5	2	1	65.2	23.9	10.8	20.2	3
P39	3	3	2	4	3	1	56.7	16.9	10.6	25.1	3
P40	3	3	2	4	3	1	73.6	17.5	10.7	25.5	3
P43	3	4	2	4	3	2	47.6	17.5	10.3	21.2	3
P54	3	3	3	6	3	2	54.2	23.7	6.4	18.6	2
P56	3	3	2	4	3	2	62.7	9.2	8.6	22.3	3
P58	3	3	2	4	3	1	77.3	17.1	9.6	20.8	3
P74	2	1	2	6	3	2	52.4	18.8	6.2	18.4	2
P75	3	3	2	2	3	1	51.6	14.1	7.4	21.8	3
P82	3	3	2	4	3	1	72.5	14.1	9.8	23.6	3
P83	3	3	2	4	3	1	74.6	16.1	9.7	23.8	3
P86	3	3	2	4	3	1	43.5	13.7	10.3	21.8	3
P87	3	3	2	5	3	1	53.4	22.0	11.6	19.6	3
P91	2	1	2	3	2	2	53.6	18.9	11.3	18.9	2
P93	1	1	2	5	2	2	78.9	28.3	12.1	18.2	3
P94	3	3	2	4	1	1	71.3	33.2	11.6	18.1	2
P95	3	3	2	4	2	1	74.6	27.7	9.2	19.8	3

编号 Code	皮色 Skin color	肉色 Flesh color	块茎大小 Tuber size	薯形 Tuber shape	熟性 Maturity	病毒病 Viral disease	株高 Plant height/cm	块茎产量 Tuber yield/ (kg·hm^-2)	单株块茎数 Number of tubers per plant	块茎干物质含量 Tuber dry matter content/%	食味 Flavor
P05	5	1	2	3	3	3	53.8	18.3	7.2	19.8	2
P07	5	1	2	6	4	3	62.1	10.8	6.7	18.5	3
P11	5	4	2	6	3	3	54.7	18.4	10.9	19.8	3
P13	5	3	2	4	3	2	43.9	16.3	7.8	23.7	3
P36	5	4	2	5	3	3	53.2	10.9	8.6	23.2	3
P67	5	4	2	4	3	2	76.1	17.8	7.8	18.7	3
P92	5	2	2	6	3	3	59.3	19.5	7.6	19.4	3
P72	6	4	2	4	4	1	98.3	18.1	7.3	19.9	3
P52	6	4	2	3	3	2	74.6	16.5	7.2	19.2	3
P70	6	4	2	3	4	1	96.4	16.2	7.9	18.3	2
P85	6	4	2	4	3	3	48.3	17.5	10.2	19.3	3
P73	7	4	2	6	4	2	89.7	13.4	7.3	23.6	3

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