秸秆直接还田与炭化还田对热带土壤-水稻系统氨挥发的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.12.12

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12): 2689-2699.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.12.12

秸秆直接还田与炭化还田对热带土壤-水稻系统氨挥发的影响

林智文¹^,²(), 张鹏¹^,², 吴天昊²^,³, 单颖², 邹刚华², 赵凤亮²^,^*(), 郑桂萍¹^,^*()

1.黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,黑龙江大庆 163319
2.中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所,海南海口 571101
3.贵州大学精细化工研究开发中心,贵州贵阳 550025

收稿日期:2022-01-12 出版日期:2022-12-25 发布日期:2022-12-26
作者简介:郑桂萍,E-mail: byndzgp@163.com
*赵凤亮,E-mail: zfl7409@163.com;
林智文(1995—),男,四川成都人,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤氮素循环研究。E-mail:1129042477@qq.com
通讯作者: 赵凤亮,郑桂萍
基金资助:
海南省自然科学基金(321RC625)

Effects of straw and straw-derived biochar returning on ammonia volatilization in tropical soil-rice system

LIN Zhiwen¹^,²(), ZHANG Peng¹^,², WU Tianhao²^,³, SHAN Ying², ZOU Ganghua², ZHAO Fengliang²^,^*(), ZHENG Guiping¹^,^*()

1. College of Agriculture,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319, Heilongjiang, China
2. Institute of Environmental and Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
3. Center for Research and Development of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China

Received:2022-01-12 Online:2022-12-25 Published:2022-12-26
Contact: ZHAO Fengliang,ZHENG Guiping

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氨挥发是稻田氮损失的主要形式之一。本研究采用温室土柱试验方法,设置不施氮肥(0N)、秸秆还田 (ST)、生物炭(秸秆炭化)还田(BI)、常规施肥(CF)、秸秆还田配施氮肥(NST)、生物炭还田配施氮肥(NBI)6个处理,研究等量氮素投入条件下秸秆还田及其炭化还田对热带土壤-水稻系统氨挥发排放的影响。结果表明,与CF处理相比,NST处理在分蘖期显著(P<0.05)降低了田面水的pH值,提高了田面水的NH₄⁺-N含量;NBI处理显著(P<0.05)提高了水稻成熟期的土壤pH值和土壤NH₄⁺-N含量,降低了土壤NO₃^--N含量。总的来看,NBI处理在试验条件下对土壤氨挥发具有较好的抑制作用,氨累积挥发量较CF处理显著(P<0.05)降低28.9%。

关键词: 热带土壤, 氨挥发, 水稻秸秆, 生物炭

Abstract:

Ammonia volatilization is one of the main forms of nitrogen loss in paddy fields. In the present study, soil column experiment was adopted with 6 treatments, namely, no nitrogen fertilizer (0N), straw returning (ST), straw-derived biochar returning (BI), conventional fertilization (CF), straw returning with nitrogen fertilizer (NST), straw-derived biochar returning with nitrogen fertilizer (NBI), to evaluate the effects of straw and straw-derived biochar returning on ammonia volatilization in the tropical soil-rice system. The results showed that, compared with the CK treatment, NST treatment significantly (P<0.05) reduced the pH, yet increased the NH₄⁺-N content of surface water at the tillering stage. NBI treatment significantly (P<0.05) elevated the pH and NH₄⁺-N content of soil, yet decreased soil NO₃^--N content as compared with the CF treatment. Overall, NBI treatment could inhibit ammonia volatilization under the experiment conditions, as its cumulative ammonia volatilization was significantly (P<0.05) decreased by 28.9% than that of CF treatment.

Key words: tropical soil, ammonia volatilization, rice straw, biochar

中图分类号:

S153

林智文, 张鹏, 吴天昊, 单颖, 邹刚华, 赵凤亮, 郑桂萍. 秸秆直接还田与炭化还田对热带土壤-水稻系统氨挥发的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(12): 2689-2699.

LIN Zhiwen, ZHANG Peng, WU Tianhao, SHAN Ying, ZOU Ganghua, ZHAO Fengliang, ZHENG Guiping. Effects of straw and straw-derived biochar returning on ammonia volatilization in tropical soil-rice system[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(12): 2689-2699.

图/表 8

图1 水稻不同生育期各处理田面水的pH值动态变化箭头表示施肥时期。下同。

Fig.1 Dynamic change of pH values of surface water under different treatments at different growth periods The arrow indicates the fertilization period. The same as below.

表1 水稻不同生育期各处理的土壤pH值

Table 1 Soil pH value under different treatments at different growth stages

处理 Treatment	分蘖期 Tillering stage	穗分化期 Panicle differentiation stage	成熟期 Mature stage
0N	6.60±0.02 c	6.54±0.05 bc	6.92±0.07 a
ST	6.47±0.03 d	6.49±0.05 c	6.58±0.03 bc
BI	6.71±0.03 ab	6.55±0.02 bc	6.83±0.06 a
CF	6.72±0.02 ab	6.64±0.03 ab	6.39±0.03 c
NST	6.66±0.01 bc	6.62±0.03 ab	6.52±0.10 bc
NBI	6.75±0.02 a	6.72±0.03 a	6.72±0.07 ab

图2 水稻不同生育期各处理田面水NH4+-N、NO3--N含量的动态变化

Fig.2 Dynamic changes of NH4+-N and NO3--N contents in surface water under different treatments at different growth stages

图3 水稻不同生育期各处理土壤NH4+-N含量的动态变化同一时期不同处理柱上无相同字母的表示差异显著(P<0.05)。下同。

Fig.3 Dynamic changes of soil NH4+-N content under different treatments at different growth stages Bars marked without the same letters indicated significant difference at P<0.05 within treatments at the same growth period. The same as below.

图4 水稻不同生育期各处理土壤NO3--N含量的动态变化

Fig.4 Dynamic changes of soil NO3--N content under different treatments at different growth stages

图5 水稻不同生育期各处理的土壤氨挥发排放通量的动态变化

Fig.5 Dynamic changes of ammonia volatilization flux under different treatments at different growth stages

图6 水稻不同生育期氨累积挥发量

Fig.6 Cumulative ammonia volatilization of rice under different growth stages

表2 氨挥发排放通量与环境因子的相关性

Table 2 Correlation within ammonia volatilization flux and environmental factors

指标 Index	氨挥发排放通量 Ammonia volatilization emission flux	田面水pH值 pH value of surface water	田面水NH₄⁺-N 含量 NO₃^--N content of surface water	田面水NO₃^--N 含量 NO₃^--N content of surface water	土壤pH值 pH value of soil	土壤NH₄⁺-N 含量 NH₄⁺-N content of soil
田面水pH	-0.035
pH value of surface water
田面水NH₄⁺-N含量	0.198^*	-0.193^*
NH₄⁺-N content of surface water
田面水NO₃^--N含量	0.168	0.331^**	-0.050
NO₃^--N content of surface water
土壤pH值 pH value of soil	-0.163	0.159	0.016	-0.030
土壤NH₄⁺-N含量	0.233	-0.189	0.284^*	0.193	0.072
NH₄⁺-N content of soil
土壤NO₃^--N含量含量	-0.256	0.275^*	-0.146	-0.035	-0.419^**	-0.468^**
NO₃^--N content of soil

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秸秆直接还田与炭化还田对热带土壤-水稻系统氨挥发的影响

Effects of straw and straw-derived biochar returning on ammonia volatilization in tropical soil-rice system

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