基于数量性状的伏牛山野生中华猕猴桃资源综合评价

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221510

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 2354-2363.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221510

基于数量性状的伏牛山野生中华猕猴桃资源综合评价

杨迪¹(), 张乃群¹^,^*(), 王雪勇², 张军³^,^*(), 王新军³

1.南阳师范学院生命科学与农业工程学院,河南南阳 473061
2.河南伏牛山国家级自然保护区黄石庵管理局,河南南阳 473000
3.商洛学院生物医药与食品工程学院,陕西商洛 726000

收稿日期:2022-10-27 出版日期:2023-10-25 发布日期:2023-10-31
作者简介:杨迪(1993—),男,河南南阳人,硕士,研究方向为植物学。E-mail:amazingdaliyang@163.com
通讯作者: ^*张军,E-mail:bjzhangjun@126.com;张乃群,E-mail:zhnq@nynu.edu.cn
基金资助:
陕西省科技厅项目(2022FP-33);商洛市科技局项目(2021-Z-0025)

Comprehensive evaluation of wild Actinidia chinensis resources in Funiu Mountain based on quantitative traits

YANG Di¹(), ZHANG Naiqun¹^,^*(), WANG Xueyong², ZHANG Jun³^,^*(), WANG Xinjun³

1. College of Life Science and Agricultural Engineering, Nanyang Normal University, Nanyang 473061, Henan, China
2. Huangshi’an Administration of Henan Funiu Mountain National Nature Reserve, Nanyang 473000, Henan, China
3. College of Biopharmaceutical and Food Engineering, Shangluo University, Shangluo 726000, Shaanxi, China

Received:2022-10-27 Online:2023-10-25 Published:2023-10-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解伏牛山野生中华猕猴桃种质资源特征特性,筛选出优良种质,对该地区野生中华猕猴桃资源进行调查、收集,结合地理因子,采用方差分析、相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析等方法对其叶长、叶宽、叶柄长等13个数量表型性状进行分析比较。结果表明:13个数量性状的变异范围为10.81%~47.56%,遗传多样性指数为2.90~2.94;果心大小和相对果心大小在不同经度存在显著差异,果心大小和果实横径在不同纬度存在显著差异,各数量性状间相关性较强;聚类分析将收集的19份伏牛山野生中华猕猴桃种质分为3类,第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类分别有7、3、9份种质,其中第Ⅱ类种质有叶片大、果实大且比例适中的特点。综上所述,伏牛山野生中华猕猴桃具有丰富的表型多样性,根据种质的表型特征,筛选出优良种质3份,可用于育种利用与生产开发。

关键词: 伏牛山, 中华猕猴桃, 表型多样性, 叶片, 果实

Abstract:

In order to study the characteristics of wild Actinidia chinensis germplasm resources in Funiu Mountain and screen out excellent germplasm, the wild A. chinensis resources in this area were investigated and collected. Combined with geographical factors, 13 quantitative phenotypic traits such as leaf length, leaf width and petiole length were analyzed and compared by variance analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the variation of 13 quantitative traits ranged from 10.81% to 47.56%, and the genetic diversity index ranged from 2.90 to 2.94. The size of fruit core and relative core size were significantly different at different longitudes, and the size of fruit core and fruit width were significantly different at different dimensions, and the quantitative traits were closely related to each other. The 19 wild A. chinensis germplasms collected from Funiu Mountain could be divided into 3 groups by cluster analysis. There were 7, 3 and 9 germplasms in groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ, respectively. The germplasms in group Ⅱ had large leaves, large fruits and moderate proportion. In summary, Funiu Mountain wild A. chinensis had rich phenotypic diversity. According to the phenotypic characteristics of the germplasm, 3 excellent germplasms were screened out, which could be used for breeding and production development.

Key words: Funiu Mountain, Actinidia chinensis, phenotypic diversity, leaf, fruit

中图分类号:

S663.4

杨迪, 张乃群, 王雪勇, 张军, 王新军. 基于数量性状的伏牛山野生中华猕猴桃资源综合评价[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(10): 2354-2363.

YANG Di, ZHANG Naiqun, WANG Xueyong, ZHANG Jun, WANG Xinjun. Comprehensive evaluation of wild Actinidia chinensis resources in Funiu Mountain based on quantitative traits[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(10): 2354-2363.

图/表 9

图1 伏牛山野生中华猕猴桃

Fig.1 Wild Actinidia chinensis in Funiu Mountain

表1 19份野生中华猕猴桃种质的采集信息

Table 1 Collection information list of 19 wild Actinidia chinensis germplasms

编号No.	经度Longitude/E	纬度Latitude/N	海拔Altitude/m	果实形状Fruit shape
ZH1	111°45'19.65″	33°35'11.99″	919.0	长圆形Long elliptic
ZH2	111°45'20.97″	33°35'11.21″	930.5	椭圆或近圆形Ellipse or nearly circular
ZH3	111°45'19.68″	33°35'11.55″	897.9	长圆形Long elliptic
ZH4	111°45'17.48″	33°35'14.96″	886.5	长圆形Long elliptic
ZH5	111°45'17.45″	33°35'15.17″	894.9	长圆形Long elliptic
ZH6	111°45'18.29″	33°35'18.99″	926.5	长圆形Long elliptic
ZH7	111°45'19.63″	33°35'22.72″	951.7	椭圆或近圆形Ellipse or nearly circular
ZH8	111°45'17.68″	33°35'15.55″	906.4	长圆形Long elliptic
ZH9	111°45'17.49″	33°35'15.17″	909.7	长圆形Long elliptic
ZH10	111°45'9.32″	33°35'9.30″	845.1	长圆形Long elliptic
ZH11	111°45'9.31″	33°35'8.90″	840.5	椭圆或近圆形Ellipse or nearly circular
ZH12	111°44'58.61″	33°34'56.83″	826.2	长圆形Long elliptic
ZH13	111°44'19.15″	33°34'55.05″	734.0	椭圆或近圆形Ellipse or nearly circular
ZH14	111°43'5.85″	33°38'6.15″	825.8	长圆形Long elliptic
ZH15	111°43'6.34″	33°38'8.12″	818.2	长圆形Long elliptic
ZH16	111°42'29.36″	33°38'40.15″	842.3	长圆形Long elliptic
ZH17	111°42'29.62″	33°38'40.10″	841.0	长圆形Long elliptic
ZH18	111°41'58.08″	33°39'24.35″	944.8	长圆形Long elliptic
ZH19	111°41'57.86″	33°39'24.49″	928.2	长圆形Long elliptic

表2 伏牛山野生中华猕猴桃数量性状变异与遗传多样性分析

Table 2 Analysis of quantitative trait variation and genetic diversity of wild Actinidia chinensis in Funiu Mountain

性状 Traits	$x -$ ± $S x -$	极差 Extreme difference	最小值 Minimum value	最大值 Maximum value	变异系数 CV/%	遗传多样性指数 H'
叶长Leaf length/cm	12.30±2.10	11.32	7.34	18.66	17.07	2.93
叶宽Leaf width/cm	14.03±1.65	9.77	9.92	19.69	11.76	2.94
叶柄长Petiole length/cm	9.82±1.67	17.6	1.01	18.61	17.01	2.93
叶形指数Leaf index	0.88±0.14	0.87	0.68	1.55	15.91	2.93
叶柄长/叶长Petiole length/Leaf length	0.83±0.20	1.87	0.12	1.99	24.10	2.92
果实纵径Fruit length/cm	3.88±0.67	2.52	2.63	5.15	17.27	2.93
果实横径Fruit width/cm	3.46±0.38	1.76	2.60	4.36	10.98	2.94
果柄长Fruit stalk length/cm	3.89±1.85	4.09	2.45	6.54	47.56	2.92
果形指数Fruit shape index	1.11±0.12	0.66	0.75	1.41	10.81	2.94
果柄长/果实纵径Fruit stalk length/Fruit Length	1.05±0.35	1.68	0.58	2.26	33.33	2.90
果心大小Size of fruit core/cm	0.88±0.28	1.62	0.45	2.07	31.82	2.91
相对果心大小Relative core size	0.25±0.06	0.32	0.15	0.47	24.00	2.92
单果重Single fruit weight/g	25.77±7.28	24.19	14.87	39.06	28.25	2.91

表2 伏牛山野生中华猕猴桃数量性状变异与遗传多样性分析

Table 2 Analysis of quantitative trait variation and genetic diversity of wild Actinidia chinensis in Funiu Mountain

性状 Traits	$x -$ ± $S x -$	极差 Extreme difference	最小值 Minimum value	最大值 Maximum value	变异系数 CV/%	遗传多样性指数 H'
叶长Leaf length/cm	12.30±2.10	11.32	7.34	18.66	17.07	2.93
叶宽Leaf width/cm	14.03±1.65	9.77	9.92	19.69	11.76	2.94
叶柄长Petiole length/cm	9.82±1.67	17.6	1.01	18.61	17.01	2.93
叶形指数Leaf index	0.88±0.14	0.87	0.68	1.55	15.91	2.93
叶柄长/叶长Petiole length/Leaf length	0.83±0.20	1.87	0.12	1.99	24.10	2.92
果实纵径Fruit length/cm	3.88±0.67	2.52	2.63	5.15	17.27	2.93
果实横径Fruit width/cm	3.46±0.38	1.76	2.60	4.36	10.98	2.94
果柄长Fruit stalk length/cm	3.89±1.85	4.09	2.45	6.54	47.56	2.92
果形指数Fruit shape index	1.11±0.12	0.66	0.75	1.41	10.81	2.94
果柄长/果实纵径Fruit stalk length/Fruit Length	1.05±0.35	1.68	0.58	2.26	33.33	2.90
果心大小Size of fruit core/cm	0.88±0.28	1.62	0.45	2.07	31.82	2.91
相对果心大小Relative core size	0.25±0.06	0.32	0.15	0.47	24.00	2.92
单果重Single fruit weight/g	25.77±7.28	24.19	14.87	39.06	28.25	2.91

表3 经度对伏牛山野生中华猕猴桃数量性状的影响

Table 3 Effect of longitude on quantitative traits of wild Actinidia chinensis in Funiu Mountain

经度 Longitude/E	性状Trait
经度 Longitude/E	果心大小 Size of fruit core/cm	相对果心大小 Relative core size
111°41'	0.75±0.11 b	0.25±0.01 b
111°42'	0.92±0.12 b	0.25±0.04 b
111°43'	1.51±0.30 a	0.38±0.01 a
111°44'	0.84±0.25 b	0.22±0.06 b
111°45'	0.79±0.17 b	0.23±0.03 b

表4 纬度对伏牛山野生中华猕猴桃数量性状的影响

Table 4 Effect of latitude on quantitative traits of wild Actinidia chinensis in Funiu Mountain

纬度 Latitude/N	性状Trait
纬度 Latitude/N	果实横径 Fruit width/cm	果心大小 Size of fruit core/cm
33°34'	3.76±0.09 a	0.84±0.25 ab
33°35'	3.36±0.31 ab	0.79±0.17 ab
33°38'	3.81±0.38 a	1.21±0.39 a
33°39'	3.04±0.25 b	0.75±0.11 b

图2 地理因子与数量性状的相关性分析

Fig.2 Correlation analysis between geographical factors and quantitative traits

表5 伏牛山野生中华猕猴桃数量性状的主成分分析

Table 5 Principal component analysis of quantitative traits of wild Actinidia chinensis in Funiu Mountain

数量性状 Quantitative traits	主成分Principal component
数量性状 Quantitative traits	1	2	3	4	5	总载荷量Total loadings
叶长Leaf length	0.224	-0.674	0.083	0.624	-0.120	0.137
叶宽Leaf width	0.037	0.126	0.073	0.937	-0.041	1.132
叶柄长Petiole length	0.128	0.702	0.034	0.376	-0.038	1.202
叶形指数Leaf index	0.168	-0.803	0.013	0.007	-0.085	-0.7
叶柄长/叶长Petiole length/Leaf length	-0.070	0.953	-0.010	-0.133	0.057	0.797
果实纵径Fruit length	0.884	-0.094	0.373	0.233	-0.046	1.35
果实横径Fruit width	0.472	-0.113	0.644	0.427	0.062	1.492
果柄长Fruit stalk length	-0.038	0.058	-0.059	-0.030	0.992	0.923
果形指数Fruit shape index	0.940	-0.054	-0.027	-0.051	-0.218	0.59
果柄长/果实纵径Fruit stalk length/Fruit Length	-0.494	0.109	-0.227	-0.140	0.809	0.057
果心大小Size of fruit core	0.168	-0.016	0.966	0.163	-0.080	1.201
相对果心大小Relative core size	0.040	0.052	0.950	-0.066	-0.163	0.813
单果重Single fruit weight	0.598	-0.200	0.309	0.562	-0.231	1.038
特征值Eigenvalue	5.055	2.435	1.556	1.457	1.113
方差贡献率Variance contribution rate/%	38.884	18.727	11.969	11.205	8.560
累计贡献率Contribution rate/%	38.884	57.611	69.580	80.786	89.346

图3 基于欧氏距离的19份伏牛山野生中华猕猴桃种质聚类图

Fig.3 Clustering map of 19 wild Actinidia chinensis germplasms in Funiu Mountain based on Euclidean distance

表6 不同聚类分组的数量性状差异性分析

Table 6 Difference analysis of quantitative characters of different cluster groups

数量性状Quantitative traits	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ
叶长Leaf length/cm	12.80±1.53 b	14.99±1.24 a	11.01±1.73 b
叶宽Leaf width/cm	14.36±1.01 a	15.68±2.05 a	13.22±1.57 a
叶柄长Petiole length/cm	9.78±1.92 a	9.76±1.43 a	9.87±1.73 a
叶形指数Leaf index	0.90±0.12 a	0.96±0.05 a	0.85±0.14 a
叶柄长/叶长Petiole length/Leaf length	0.79±0.21 a	0.65±0.11 a	0.92±0.18 a
果实纵径Fruit length/cm	3.98±0.64 b	4.83±0.13 a	3.48±0.40 b
果实横径Fruit width/cm	3.47±0.36 b	3.97±0.36 a	3.29±0.26 b
果柄长Fruit stalk length/cm	3.34±0.46 a	3.88±0.37 a	4.32±0.98 a
果形指数Fruit shape index	1.15±0.13 a	1.22±0.11 a	1.05±0.09 a
果柄长/果实纵径Fruit stalk length/Fruit Length	0.85±0.11 b	0.81±0.06 b	1.29±0.37 a
果心大小Size of fruit core/cm	0.84±0.13 a	1.19±0.53 a	0.81±0.22 a
相对果心大小Relative core size	0.24±0.03 a	0.29±0.11 a	0.24±0.05 a
单果重Single fruit weight/g	28.88±2.58 b	37.31±1.93 a	19.51±3.27 c

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基于数量性状的伏牛山野生中华猕猴桃资源综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation of wild Actinidia chinensis resources in Funiu Mountain based on quantitative traits

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