稻茬免耕带旋播种小麦的田间杂草防除效果与小麦产量

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20241075

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (10): 2129-2137.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20241075

稻茬免耕带旋播种小麦的田间杂草防除效果与小麦产量

刘胜男¹(), 朱建义¹, 李明², 赵浩宇¹, 熊涛², 汤永禄², 周小刚¹, 李朝苏²^,^*()

1.四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所,农业农村部西南作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,四川成都 610066
2.四川省农业科学院作物研究所(四川省种质资源中心),四川成都 610061

收稿日期:2024-12-11 出版日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2025-11-13
作者简介:刘胜男(1988—),女,河南开封人,硕士,助理研究员,主要从事农田杂草综合防控技术研究。E-mail:hnulshn2006@163.com
通讯作者: *李朝苏,Email:xiaoli1755@163.com
基金资助:
四川省自然科学基金(青年科学基金)(2023NSFSC1259);国家现代农业产业技术体系四川创新团队项目(SCCXTD-2024-2)

Weed control efficacy and wheat yield in no-tillage rotary sowing after rice stubble

LIU Shengnan¹(), ZHU Jianyi¹, LI Ming², ZHAO Haoyu¹, XIONG Tao², TANG Yonglu², ZHOU Xiaogang¹, LI Chaosu²^,^*()

1. Institute of Plant Protection, Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China
2. Crop Research Institute(Germplasm Center of Sichuan Province), Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610061, China

Received:2024-12-11 Online:2025-10-25 Published:2025-11-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确四川稻茬免耕带旋播种小麦田的杂草群落特征与高效防除技术,于2019—2021年小麦季设置不除草(CK)、苗期除草(T1)、播种前除草+苗期除草(T2)、播种前除草(T3)和播种后封闭除草(T4)5种模式,系统调查不同模式下杂草的种类、数量、鲜重与小麦产量。结果表明:田间共发现16种杂草,其中2019—2020年11种,2020—2021年13种;棒头草为唯一禾本科杂草,占绝对优势;阔叶杂草以猪殃殃和碎米荠为主。T4处理杂草种类数最少(2~4种),各处理杂草种类多集中于3~7种。2年杂草密度差异较大,CK与T3处理于拔节初期达峰值;T4处理的杂草密度与鲜重始终最低,T1与T2处理苗期除草后杂草鲜重降低。小麦产量差异主要由穗数和穗粒数决定。2020年杂草密度较高,T1、T2、T4处理较CK分别增产5.85%、15.92%和14.42%;2021年杂草密度较低,仅T2、T4处理显著增产。综上,播种前除草+苗期除草或播后封闭除草均可有效控草并提高小麦产量,可在稻茬免耕带旋播种小麦生产中因地制宜选用。

关键词: 小麦田, 稻茬免耕带旋播种, 除草模式, 杂草群落, 防治效果, 产量

Abstract:

To investigate the characteristics of weed communities and effective control strategies in no-tillage rotary sown wheat fields after rice stubble in Sichuan, five weed management regimes were established during the wheat growing seasons from 2019 to 2021: no weed control throughout the growth period (CK), weed control at early tillering stage (T1), weed control before wheat seeding and at the early tillering stage (T2), weed control before wheat seeding (T3), weed control during wheat seeding and sprout (T4). The study analyzed species composition, population density, fresh weight of weed, and wheat yield. Results indicated that a total of 16 weed species were identified in the wheat fields, with 11 species recorded in 2019-2020 and 13 species recorded in 2020-2021. Polypogon fugax was the sole dominant grass weed, whereas Galium spurium and Cardamine occulta were the primary broadleaf weeds. The number of weed species per treatment ranged from 3 to 7, while T4 treatment consistently showed the lowest diversity, with only 2 to 4 species. Although total weed density varied significantly between the two years, both CK and T3 treatments showed peak weed density at the early jointing stage of wheat. T4 treatment maintained consistently low weed density and fresh weight, while T1 and T2 treatments effectively suppressed weeds after application. Wheat yield was primarily influenced by spike number and grains per spike. In 2020, T1, T2, and T4 treatments increased wheat yield by 5.85%, 15.92% and 14.42%, respectively, under higher weed pressure. In 2021, only T2 and T4 treatments showed yield improvements. For wheat fields employing the no-tillage rotary sowing after rice stubble, both T2 and T4 treatments demonstrated effective weed suppression and significant yield enhancement. The choice between these two methods should be based on the specific weed infestation conditions encountered during production.

Key words: wheat field, no-tillage rotary sowing after rice stubble, weeding pattern, weed community, control efficacy, yield

中图分类号:

S451.1

刘胜男, 朱建义, 李明, 赵浩宇, 熊涛, 汤永禄, 周小刚, 李朝苏. 稻茬免耕带旋播种小麦的田间杂草防除效果与小麦产量[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(10): 2129-2137.

LIU Shengnan, ZHU Jianyi, LI Ming, ZHAO Haoyu, XIONG Tao, TANG Yonglu, ZHOU Xiaogang, LI Chaosu. Weed control efficacy and wheat yield in no-tillage rotary sowing after rice stubble[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(10): 2129-2137.

图/表 5

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年份 Year	调查时期 Survey period	鲜重Fresh weight
年份 Year	调查时期 Survey period	棒头草 Polypogon fugax	猪殃殃 Galium spurium	其他阔叶杂草 Other broad-leaved weeds	总杂草 Total weeds
2020	ETS	52.70±15.80	0.31±0.17	6.67±2.07	59.68±16.56
	EJS	211.40±81.63	3.45±1.80	7.45±3.04	222.30±83.51
	MS	438.91±61.57	9.45±3.62	35.74±9.31	484.10±60.79
2021	ETS	172.00±18.20	4.00±0.40	45.00±4.90	221.00±23.50
	EJS	232.00±16.80	22.00±2.50	15.00±2.40	269.00±11.90
	HS	2 337.00±152.10	110.00±11.20	124.00±5.40	2 571.00±146.30

年份 Year	调查时期 Survey period	鲜重Fresh weight
年份 Year	调查时期 Survey period	棒头草 Polypogon fugax	猪殃殃 Galium spurium	其他阔叶杂草 Other broad-leaved weeds	总杂草 Total weeds
2020	ETS	52.70±15.80	0.31±0.17	6.67±2.07	59.68±16.56
	EJS	211.40±81.63	3.45±1.80	7.45±3.04	222.30±83.51
	MS	438.91±61.57	9.45±3.62	35.74±9.31	484.10±60.79
2021	ETS	172.00±18.20	4.00±0.40	45.00±4.90	221.00±23.50
	EJS	232.00±16.80	22.00±2.50	15.00±2.40	269.00±11.90
	HS	2 337.00±152.10	110.00±11.20	124.00±5.40	2 571.00±146.30

处理 Treatment	年份 Year	调查时期 Survey period	防效Control efficacy
处理 Treatment	年份 Year	调查时期 Survey period	棒头草 Polypogon fugax	猪殃殃 Galium spurium	其他阔叶杂草 Other broad-leaved weeds	总杂草 Total weeds
T1	2020	EJS	70.53±11.88 b	32.50±19.70 b	90.77±10.94 a	71.43±11.22 b
		MS	99.13±0.41 a	95.79±8.45 a	99.80±0.63 a	99.11±0.25 a
	2021	EJS	70.69±2.34 a	93.18±1.06 a	100.00±0 a	74.16±0.29 b
		HS	98.03±0.45 a	91.82±1.26 a	100.00±0 a	97.86±0.82 a
T2	2020	ETS	72.74±7.28 b	-377.33±76.64 a	90.26±7.98 b	72.91±7.57 b
		EJS	88.96±9.47 a	97.08±6.23 a	100.00±0 a	89.63±8.46 a
		MS	99.12±0.25 a	93.67±8.59 a	100.00±0 a	99.12±0.23 a
	2021	ETS	47.09±5.23 c	37.50±4.30 c	37.78±7.09 b	45.02±1.87 c
		EJS	74.57±8.73 b	90.91±2.55 a	60.00±3.67 b	75.09±1.28 b
		HS	98.89±0.16 a	93.64±1.53 a	100.00±0 a	98.72±0.65 a
T3	2020	ETS	45.20±20.54 c	-204.67±15.30 a	78.21±15.77 c	48.21±19.12 c
		EJS	41.73±21.44 c	-254.17±42.84 c	-59.09±23.11 b	36.65±22.18 c
		MS	46.50±7.43 c	-6.07±10.11 b	67.52±16.91 b	46.90±6.34 c
	2021	ETS	72.67±13.78 b	75.00±4.32 b	97.78±2.22 a	77.83±1.62 b
		EJS	56.90±1.62 c	27.27±8.60 b	20.00±9.84 c	52.42±2.92 c
		HS	13.56±7.04 c	21.82±3.09 b	-8.87±13.58 b	12.84±2.85
T4	2020	ETS	97.06±2.80 a	-327.00±79.80 a	100.00±0 a	95.96±2.23 a
		EJS	88.00±5.85 a	-147.50±26.76 c	98.89±3.51 a	85.85±5.64 a
		MS	93.90±2.58 b	-42.05±15.27 b	99.60±1.26 a	91.96±2.76 b
	2021	ETS	99.42±0.25 a	50.00±2.44 a	100.00±0 a	98.64±0.76 a
		EJS	96.12±2.19 a	-40.91±19.94 c	100.00±0 a	85.13±1.80 a
		HS	88.02±2.73 b	56.36±3.18 b	90.32±2.94 a	86.78±1.99 b

处理 Treatment	年份 Year	调查时期 Survey period	防效Control efficacy
处理 Treatment	年份 Year	调查时期 Survey period	棒头草 Polypogon fugax	猪殃殃 Galium spurium	其他阔叶杂草 Other broad-leaved weeds	总杂草 Total weeds
T1	2020	EJS	70.53±11.88 b	32.50±19.70 b	90.77±10.94 a	71.43±11.22 b
		MS	99.13±0.41 a	95.79±8.45 a	99.80±0.63 a	99.11±0.25 a
	2021	EJS	70.69±2.34 a	93.18±1.06 a	100.00±0 a	74.16±0.29 b
		HS	98.03±0.45 a	91.82±1.26 a	100.00±0 a	97.86±0.82 a
T2	2020	ETS	72.74±7.28 b	-377.33±76.64 a	90.26±7.98 b	72.91±7.57 b
		EJS	88.96±9.47 a	97.08±6.23 a	100.00±0 a	89.63±8.46 a
		MS	99.12±0.25 a	93.67±8.59 a	100.00±0 a	99.12±0.23 a
	2021	ETS	47.09±5.23 c	37.50±4.30 c	37.78±7.09 b	45.02±1.87 c
		EJS	74.57±8.73 b	90.91±2.55 a	60.00±3.67 b	75.09±1.28 b
		HS	98.89±0.16 a	93.64±1.53 a	100.00±0 a	98.72±0.65 a
T3	2020	ETS	45.20±20.54 c	-204.67±15.30 a	78.21±15.77 c	48.21±19.12 c
		EJS	41.73±21.44 c	-254.17±42.84 c	-59.09±23.11 b	36.65±22.18 c
		MS	46.50±7.43 c	-6.07±10.11 b	67.52±16.91 b	46.90±6.34 c
	2021	ETS	72.67±13.78 b	75.00±4.32 b	97.78±2.22 a	77.83±1.62 b
		EJS	56.90±1.62 c	27.27±8.60 b	20.00±9.84 c	52.42±2.92 c
		HS	13.56±7.04 c	21.82±3.09 b	-8.87±13.58 b	12.84±2.85
T4	2020	ETS	97.06±2.80 a	-327.00±79.80 a	100.00±0 a	95.96±2.23 a
		EJS	88.00±5.85 a	-147.50±26.76 c	98.89±3.51 a	85.85±5.64 a
		MS	93.90±2.58 b	-42.05±15.27 b	99.60±1.26 a	91.96±2.76 b
	2021	ETS	99.42±0.25 a	50.00±2.44 a	100.00±0 a	98.64±0.76 a
		EJS	96.12±2.19 a	-40.91±19.94 c	100.00±0 a	85.13±1.80 a
		HS	88.02±2.73 b	56.36±3.18 b	90.32±2.94 a	86.78±1.99 b

处理 Treatment	年份 Year	产量 Yield/(kg·hm^-2)	穗数 Spikes/(10⁴ hm^-2)	穗粒数 Kernels per spike	千粒重 Thousand grain weight/g
CK	2020	6 533.05±278.05 c	324.56±27.27 b	34.76±0.62 c	47.31±0.17 a
	2021	6 704.15±328.99 b	382.18±3.75 a	39.99±2.01 a	45.06±0.21 a
T1	2020	6 914.99±217.14 b	379.38±17.18 a	35.10±0.07 c	46.25±1.78 a
	2021	6 840.98±225.44 b	397.18±35.57 a	37.46±1.31 b	44.36±0.47 a
T2	2020	7 573.30±282.17 a	400.29±15.73 a	37.44±0.14 b	47.62±0.05 a
	2021	7 231.46±243.21 a	375.25±15.00 a	40.12±0.69 a	45.30±0.52 a
T3	2020	6 650.65±266.45 bc	339.93±7.36 b	37.36±0.02 b	48.23±0.80 a
	2021	6 813.67±218.29 b	382.86±0.57 a	39.70±1.59 ab	44.65±1.29 a
T4	2020	7 474.98±149.22 a	378.84±8.45 a	40.04±1.14 a	47.07±1.34 a
	2021	7 224.06±207.71 a	398.20±7.27 a	40.29±0.30 a	44.92±0.29 a

稻茬免耕带旋播种小麦的田间杂草防除效果与小麦产量

Weed control efficacy and wheat yield in no-tillage rotary sowing after rice stubble

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