不同覆盖材料对设施葡萄根系分布及土壤理化特性的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.10.18

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10): 2240-2250.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.10.18

不同覆盖材料对设施葡萄根系分布及土壤理化特性的影响

商佳胤¹(), 张新建², 李凯¹, 张鹤¹, 王丹¹

1.天津市农业科学院林业果树研究所,天津 300383
2.天津市农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,天津 300383

收稿日期:2021-05-26 出版日期:2022-10-25 发布日期:2022-10-26
作者简介:商佳胤 (1981—),男,山东阳信人,硕士,副研究员,主要从事葡萄栽培生理研究。 E-mail: shangjiayin2007@163.com.cn
基金资助:
天津市林果现代农业产业技术体系(ITTFPRS2018005);天津市农业科技成果转化与推广项目(201701030);第二批天津市人才发展特殊支持计划高层次创新创业团队

Effects of different covering materials on root distribution and soil physical and chemical properties of protected cultivation of grape

SHANG Jiayin¹(), ZHANG Xinjian², LI Kai¹, ZHANG He¹, WANG Dan¹

1. Forestry and Pomology Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300383, China
2. Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environmental Science, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300383, China

Received:2021-05-26 Online:2022-10-25 Published:2022-10-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了明确日光温室栽培葡萄行间适宜的覆盖材料,采用3种不同材质的覆盖材料,使用沟壕垂直剖面法研究其对不同土层的葡萄根系数、土壤含水量、pH值、电导率(EC)以及土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶活性的影响。结果表明:覆盖无纺布、地布、地膜处理,葡萄直径<2 mm吸收根比例较高,分别为59.46%、71.43%、52.53%,而对照组中2~5 mm的根系数量更高,为41.10%;覆盖材料可以显著提升葡萄根系总数,覆盖无纺布还可以显著提升0~20 cm 根系分布比例(36.93%),对照组为15.07%;覆盖地膜、地布可以提高土壤表层的保水效果;覆盖材料会提高土壤浅层的pH值,降低EC值;覆盖材料对土壤酶活性有一定的影响,其中对土壤蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性的作用尤为明显。通过综合分析以透气性较佳的无纺布作为覆盖材料效果最好。

关键词: 覆盖材料, 设施葡萄, 根系, 土壤

Abstract:

In order to find out the suitable covering materials for protected cultivation of grape, three kinds of covering materials were used to investigate the effects of different covering materials on the number of grape root system, soil water content, pH, EC, and enzyme activity indexes of soil urease, phosphatase, invertase and hydrogen peroxidase in different soil layers. The results showed that the proportion of absorbable roots with diameter less than 2 mm was 59.46%, 71.43% and 52.53% respectively under the treatments of non-woven cloth, ground cloth and plastic film covering, while the number of roots with diameter of 2-5 mm was 41.10% in the control; the total number of roots of protected cultivation of grape could be significantly increased by covering materials. The distribution proportion of roots with diameter of 0-20 cm could be significantly increased by covering non-woven cloth (36.93%), which was 15.07% for control; covering materials had little effect on soil water content, but covering materials could increase the pH value of shallow soil and reduce the EC value; covering materials had a certain effect on soil enzyme activities, especially on the activities of soil invertase and hydrogen peroxidase. It could be seen that the use of covering materials in protected cultivation of grape had a certain positive effect on grape root growth and soil physical and chemical properties, and the non-woven cloth with better air permeability was the best covering material.

Key words: covering materials, protected cultivation of grape, root system, soil

中图分类号:

S663.1

商佳胤, 张新建, 李凯, 张鹤, 王丹. 不同覆盖材料对设施葡萄根系分布及土壤理化特性的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(10): 2240-2250.

SHANG Jiayin, ZHANG Xinjian, LI Kai, ZHANG He, WANG Dan. Effects of different covering materials on root distribution and soil physical and chemical properties of protected cultivation of grape[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(10): 2240-2250.

图/表 15

参考文献 36

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根系粗度 Root size/mm	地膜A Film A		地布B Floor cloth B		无纺布C Non woven fabric C		对照组CK
根系粗度 Root size/mm	数量 Number	百分比 Percent/%	数量 Number	百分比 Percent/%	数量 Number	百分比 Percent/%	数量 Number	百分比 Percent/%
≥10	2 b	2.02 c	4 a	4.40 a	5 a	4.50 a	3 b	4.11 b
5~<10	14 a	14.14 b	5 b	5.49 c	18 a	16.22 b	16 a	21.92 a
2~<5	31 a	31.31 b	17 c	18.68 c	22 b	19.82 c	30 a	41.10 a
<2	52 b	52.53 c	65 a	71.43 a	66 a	59.46 b	24 c	32.88 d
合计Total	99 b	100.00	91 c	100.00	111 a	100.00	73 d	100.00

根系粗度 Root size/mm	地膜A Film A		地布B Floor cloth B		无纺布C Non woven fabric C		对照组CK
根系粗度 Root size/mm	数量 Number	百分比 Percent/%	数量 Number	百分比 Percent/%	数量 Number	百分比 Percent/%	数量 Number	百分比 Percent/%
≥10	2 b	2.02 c	4 a	4.40 a	5 a	4.50 a	3 b	4.11 b
5~<10	14 a	14.14 b	5 b	5.49 c	18 a	16.22 b	16 a	21.92 a
2~<5	31 a	31.31 b	17 c	18.68 c	22 b	19.82 c	30 a	41.10 a
<2	52 b	52.53 c	65 a	71.43 a	66 a	59.46 b	24 c	32.88 d
合计Total	99 b	100.00	91 c	100.00	111 a	100.00	73 d	100.00

土层深度 Depth of soil/ mm	地膜A Film A		地布B Floor cloth B		无纺布C Non woven fabric C		对照组CK
土层深度 Depth of soil/ mm	数量 Number	百分比 Percent/%	数量 Number	百分比 Percent/%	数量 Number	百分比 Percent/%	数量 Number	百分比 Percent/%
0~<10	2 b	2.02 b	4 b	4.40 b	16 a	14.41 a	1 b	1.37 b
10~<20	11 c	11.11 c	34 a	37.34 a	25 b	22.52 b	10 c	13.70 c
20~<30	46 a	46.46 a	22 c	24.18 b	25 c	22.52 b	37 b	50.68 a
30~<40	10 a	10.10 b	11 a	12.09 a	4 b	3.60 c	10 a	13.70 a
40~<50	5 a	5.05 c	4 a	4.40 c	7 a	6.31 b	6 a	8.22 a
50~<60	11 b	11.11 a	3 d	3.30 c	14 a	12.61 a	6 c	8.22 b
60~<70	8 b	8.08 b	10 b	10.99 b	17 a	15.32 a	2 c	2.74 c
70~<80	6 a	6.06 a	3 b	3.30 b	3 b	2.70 b	1 c	1.37 c
总计Total	99 b	100	91 c	100	111 a	100	73 d	100

土层深度 Depth of soil/ mm	地膜A Film A		地布B Floor cloth B		无纺布C Non woven fabric C		对照组CK
土层深度 Depth of soil/ mm	数量 Number	百分比 Percent/%	数量 Number	百分比 Percent/%	数量 Number	百分比 Percent/%	数量 Number	百分比 Percent/%
0~<10	2 b	2.02 b	4 b	4.40 b	16 a	14.41 a	1 b	1.37 b
10~<20	11 c	11.11 c	34 a	37.34 a	25 b	22.52 b	10 c	13.70 c
20~<30	46 a	46.46 a	22 c	24.18 b	25 c	22.52 b	37 b	50.68 a
30~<40	10 a	10.10 b	11 a	12.09 a	4 b	3.60 c	10 a	13.70 a
40~<50	5 a	5.05 c	4 a	4.40 c	7 a	6.31 b	6 a	8.22 a
50~<60	11 b	11.11 a	3 d	3.30 c	14 a	12.61 a	6 c	8.22 b
60~<70	8 b	8.08 b	10 b	10.99 b	17 a	15.32 a	2 c	2.74 c
70~<80	6 a	6.06 a	3 b	3.30 b	3 b	2.70 b	1 c	1.37 c
总计Total	99 b	100	91 c	100	111 a	100	73 d	100

主蔓距离 Level distance/cm	地膜A Film A		地布B Floor cloth B		无纺布C Non woven fabric C		对照组CK
主蔓距离 Level distance/cm	数量 Number	百分比 Percent/%	数量 Number	百分比 Percent/%	数量 Number	百分比 Percent/%	数量 Number	百分比 Percent/%
-40~<-30	13 a	13.13 b	8 b	8.79 d	12 a	10.81 c	12 a	16.44 a
-30~<-20	8 b	8.08 b	14 a	15.38 a	10 b	9.01 b	7 b	9.59 b
-20~<-10	14 a	14.14 a	2 c	2.20 d	14 a	12.61 b	6 b	8.22 c
-10~<0	12 a	12.12 b	12 a	13.19 b	13 a	11.71 b	12 a	16.44 a
0~<10	10 b	10.10 d	17 a	18.68 a	16 a	14.41 d	9 b	12.33 c
10~<20	22 a	22.22 a	13 b	14.29 c	20 a	18.02 b	10 b	13.70 c
20~<30	11 ab	11.11 a	10 b	10.99 a	13 a	11.71 a	9 b	12.33 a
30~<40	9 b	9.09 c	15 a	16.48 a	13 a	11.72 b	8 b	10.96 b
总计Total	99 b	100.00	91 c	100.00	111 a	100.00	73 d	100.00

不同覆盖材料对设施葡萄根系分布及土壤理化特性的影响

Effects of different covering materials on root distribution and soil physical and chemical properties of protected cultivation of grape

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项目 Item	根系数量 Root number	水分含量 Moisture content	pH	EC	脲酶 Urease	酸性磷酸酶 Acid phosphatase	蔗糖酶 Invertase	过氧化氢酶 Catalase
根系数量Root number	1
水分含量Moisture content	0.160	1
pH	-0.084	0.485^*	1
EC	-0.134	0.001	-0.263	1
脲酶 Urease	-0.492^*	-0.393	-0.496^*	0.337	1
酸性磷酸酶Acid phosphatase	-0.287	-0.553^*	-0.367	-0.310	0.420	1
蔗糖酶Invertase	0.837^**	-0.021	-0.219	-0.135	-0.508^*	-0.076	1
过氧化氢酶Catalase	-0.193	-0.220	-0.171	0.150	0.522^*	0.204	-0.064	1.000

成分 Component	初始特征值Initial eigenvalue			载荷平方和Load sum of squares
成分 Component	总计 Total	方差百分比 Variance percentage/%	累积百分比 Cumulative percentage/%	总计 Total	方差百分比 Variance percentage/%	累积百分比 Cumulative percentage/%
1	2.894	36.181	36.181	2.894	36.181	36.181
2	1.872	23.401	59.582	1.872	23.401	59.582
3	1.360	16.996	76.578	1.360	16.996	76.578
4	0.837	10.463	87.042
5	0.474	5.920	92.962
6	0.292	3.652	96.613
7	0.212	2.654	99.268
8	0.059	0.732	100.000

变量 Variable	主成分1 PC1	主成分2 PC2	主成分3 PC3
根系数Root number (X₁)	-0.665	0.630	0.210
水分含量 Moisture content (X₂)	-0.608	-0.508	0.194
pH(X₃)	-0.504	-0.647	-0.306
EC(X₄)	0.257	-0.158	0.867
脲酶Urease (X₅)	0.903	-0.042	0.201
酸性磷酸酶 Acid phosphatase(X₆)	0.613	0.377	-0.569
蔗糖酶Invertase (X₇)	-0.532	0.788	0.136
过氧化氢酶 Catalase (X₈)	0.537	0.093	0.223

项目 Item	地膜A Film A	地布B Floor cloth B	无纺布C Non woven fabric C	对照组CK
主成分1 PC1	-4.512 6	3.636 2	5.173 1	-4.296 7
主成分2 PC2	0.828 5	-0.616 3	-1.361 0	0.827 0
主成分3 PC3	-1.396 4	3.450 4	4.638 3	-6.692 3
贡献率Contribution rate/%	-0.716 5	2.207 7	2.805 0	-4.394 5
排名Rank	3	2	1	4

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