不同CO2浓度和氮水平对冬小麦光合和生长特性的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.12.02

浙江农业学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12): 2594-2602.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2022.12.02

不同CO₂浓度和氮水平对冬小麦光合和生长特性的影响

吴浩(), 张雪松(), 王丹

南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,江苏南京 210000

收稿日期:2021-09-26 出版日期:2022-12-25 发布日期:2022-12-26
作者简介:*张雪松,E-mail: lntlzxs@163.com
吴浩(1995—),女,安徽安庆人,硕士研究生,主要从事植物生态方面的研究。E-mail:wuhaodly@foxmail.com
通讯作者: 张雪松
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31500503);国家自然科学基金(31770485);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20150894)

Effects of different CO₂ concentration and nitrogen rates on photosynthesis and growth of winter wheat

WU Hao(), ZHANG Xuesong(), WANG Dan

School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210000, China

Received:2021-09-26 Online:2022-12-25 Published:2022-12-26
Contact: ZHANG Xuesong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示高CO₂浓度处理下,不同氮水平对冬小麦光合作用、生物量积累和产量的影响,利用开顶式气室(OTC),以冬小麦品种宁麦13为试验材料,开展不同CO₂浓度(C,环境CO₂浓度;T,高CO₂浓度,比环境CO₂浓度高200 μmol·mol^-1)和氮水平(LN,低氮,90 kg·hm^-2;HN,高氮,240 kg·hm^-2)的交互试验,测定不同处理下不同生育期冬小麦的光合特性、叶片碳氮含量、地上部生物量和产量。结果表明,CO₂浓度升高提高了冬小麦的净光合速率,在低氮水平下增幅为78.4%,在高氮水平下增幅为77.2%。在开花期和灌浆期,高氮水平对冬小麦地上部干物质量积累有明显促进作用。各处理中,C-LN的产量最低,T-HN的产量最高,且二者差异显著(P<0.05)。以上结果说明,在未来CO₂浓度升高条件下,可通过增施适量的氮肥提升冬小麦的生物量和产量。

关键词: 冬小麦, 高CO₂浓度, 施氮水平, 光合生理, 生物量, 产量

Abstract:

In order to elucidate the interactive effects of different nitrogen rates on photosynthesis, biomass accumulation and yield of winter wheat under the elevated CO₂ concentration, the winter wheat variety Ningmai 13 was selected as the test material, and an experiment with different CO₂ concentrations (C, ambient CO₂ concentration; T, higher CO₂ concentration, ambient CO₂ concentration+200 μmol·mol^-1) and different N levels (LN, low nitrogen, 90 kg·hm^-2; HN, high nitrogen, 240 kg·hm^-2) was conducted, and the photosynthetic characteristics, carbon and nitrogen content in leaves, biomass and yield of winter wheat at different growth stages under different treatments were measured. It was shown that the higher CO₂ concentration increased the net photosynthetic rate of winter wheat by 78.4% under the low nitrogen level and 77.2% under the high nitrogen level. At the flowering stage and the filling stage, high nitrogen level increased the above-ground biomass accumulation of winter wheat. Among all the treatments, the yield of C-LN was the smallest, yet the yield of T-HN was the highest, and the difference between them was significant (P<0.05). Therefore, it was inferred that under the elevated CO₂ concentration in the future, the biomass accumulation and yield of winter wheat could be increased by increasing the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer.

Key words: winter wheat, high CO₂ concentration, nitrogen application level, photosynthetic physiology, biomass, yield

中图分类号:

S512.1

吴浩, 张雪松, 王丹. 不同CO₂浓度和氮水平对冬小麦光合和生长特性的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2022, 34(12): 2594-2602.

WU Hao, ZHANG Xuesong, WANG Dan. Effects of different CO₂ concentration and nitrogen rates on photosynthesis and growth of winter wheat[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2022, 34(12): 2594-2602.

图/表 5

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盆型 Pot type	氮水平 N level	不同时期的施用量 Application rate at different growth stages
盆型 Pot type	氮水平 N level	播种期 Sowing stage	返青期 Regreening stage	拔节期 Jointing stage
小号盆栽	LN	0.393	0.112	0.056
Small pot	HN	1.050	0.300	0.150
中号盆栽	LN	0.890	0.254	0.127
Medium pot	HN	2.360	0.674	0.337
大号盆栽	LN	1.280	0.366	0.183
Large pot	HN	3.210	0.917	0.450

盆型 Pot type	氮水平 N level	不同时期的施用量 Application rate at different growth stages
盆型 Pot type	氮水平 N level	播种期 Sowing stage	返青期 Regreening stage	拔节期 Jointing stage
小号盆栽	LN	0.393	0.112	0.056
Small pot	HN	1.050	0.300	0.150
中号盆栽	LN	0.890	0.254	0.127
Medium pot	HN	2.360	0.674	0.337
大号盆栽	LN	1.280	0.366	0.183
Large pot	HN	3.210	0.917	0.450

年份 Year	生育期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	碳含量 Carbon content/(mg·g^-1)	氮含量 Nitrogen content/(mg·g^-1)	C/N
2019	拔节期Jointing stage	C-LN	37.81±0.32 a	5.00±0.19 b	7.61±0.35 a
		C-HN	36.75±0.19 a	5.57±0.01 a	6.60±0.04 b
		T-LN	37.11±0.28 a	5.17±0.20 ab	7.21±0.27 ab
		T-HN	36.85±0.56 a	4.99±0.10 b	7.40±0.24 a
	孕穗—抽穗期	C-LN	37.58±0.45 b	4.76±0.19 ab	7.93±0.24 a
	Booting-heading stage	C-HN	37.40±0.17 b	4.61±0.19 ab	8.16±0.38 a
		T-LN	39.36±0.29 a	5.10±0.18 a	7.75±0.34 a
		T-HN	36.58±0.57 b	4.17±0.21 b	8.86±0.52 a
	开花期Flowering stage	C-LN	39.06±0.07 b	3.97±0.10 a	9.87±0.25 a
		C-HN	39.17±0.26 b	4.03±0.29 a	9.88±0.76 a
		T-LN	41.29±0.41 a	3.91±0.27 a	9.76±0.58 a
		T-HN	40.3±0.81 ab	4.10±0.07 a	9.84±0.22 a
	灌浆期Filling stage	C-LN	38.69±0.44 a	1.20±0.10 a	29.80±0.49 a
		C-HN	36.40±0.49 b	1.42±0.06 a	24.88±0.25 b
		T-LN	39.31±0.07 a	1.22±0.04 a	31.61±1.14 a
		T-HN	38.09±0.67 a	1.43±0.19 a	24.07±0.74 b
2020	开花期Flowering stage	C-LN	41.75±0.56 a	2.75±0.17 c	15.44±0.78 a
		C-HN	42.35±0.21 a	4.39±0.07 a	10.64±0.55 b
		T-LN	41.92±0.07 a	3.48±0.23 b	12.34±0.82 b
		T-HN	42.35±0.34 a	3.62±0.18 b	11.84±0.50 b
	灌浆期Filling stage	C-LN	38.73±0.33 c	1.67±0.01 b	23.27±0.40 a
		C-HN	40.90±0.14 a	2.92±0.12 a	14.11±0.51 b
		T-LN	39.88±0.09 b	1.68±0.14 b	24.76±2.12 a
		T-HN	40.33±0.004 ab	2.84±0.23 a	14.77±1.24 b

年份 Year	生育期 Growth stage	处理 Treatment	碳含量 Carbon content/(mg·g^-1)	氮含量 Nitrogen content/(mg·g^-1)	C/N
2019	拔节期Jointing stage	C-LN	37.81±0.32 a	5.00±0.19 b	7.61±0.35 a
		C-HN	36.75±0.19 a	5.57±0.01 a	6.60±0.04 b
		T-LN	37.11±0.28 a	5.17±0.20 ab	7.21±0.27 ab
		T-HN	36.85±0.56 a	4.99±0.10 b	7.40±0.24 a
	孕穗—抽穗期	C-LN	37.58±0.45 b	4.76±0.19 ab	7.93±0.24 a
	Booting-heading stage	C-HN	37.40±0.17 b	4.61±0.19 ab	8.16±0.38 a
		T-LN	39.36±0.29 a	5.10±0.18 a	7.75±0.34 a
		T-HN	36.58±0.57 b	4.17±0.21 b	8.86±0.52 a
	开花期Flowering stage	C-LN	39.06±0.07 b	3.97±0.10 a	9.87±0.25 a
		C-HN	39.17±0.26 b	4.03±0.29 a	9.88±0.76 a
		T-LN	41.29±0.41 a	3.91±0.27 a	9.76±0.58 a
		T-HN	40.3±0.81 ab	4.10±0.07 a	9.84±0.22 a
	灌浆期Filling stage	C-LN	38.69±0.44 a	1.20±0.10 a	29.80±0.49 a
		C-HN	36.40±0.49 b	1.42±0.06 a	24.88±0.25 b
		T-LN	39.31±0.07 a	1.22±0.04 a	31.61±1.14 a
		T-HN	38.09±0.67 a	1.43±0.19 a	24.07±0.74 b
2020	开花期Flowering stage	C-LN	41.75±0.56 a	2.75±0.17 c	15.44±0.78 a
		C-HN	42.35±0.21 a	4.39±0.07 a	10.64±0.55 b
		T-LN	41.92±0.07 a	3.48±0.23 b	12.34±0.82 b
		T-HN	42.35±0.34 a	3.62±0.18 b	11.84±0.50 b
	灌浆期Filling stage	C-LN	38.73±0.33 c	1.67±0.01 b	23.27±0.40 a
		C-HN	40.90±0.14 a	2.92±0.12 a	14.11±0.51 b
		T-LN	39.88±0.09 b	1.68±0.14 b	24.76±2.12 a
		T-HN	40.33±0.004 ab	2.84±0.23 a	14.77±1.24 b

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	分蘖数 Tiller number/m^-2	籽粒数 Grain number/m^-2	产量 Yield/(g·m^-2)
2019	C-LN	280.50±17.82 a	7 750±732 a	199.38±16.79 b
	C-HN	305.25±8.25 a	7 308±251 a	221.39±17.11 ab
	T-LN	305.25±49.27 a	7 600±754 a	220.58±15.93 ab
	T-HN	330.00±43.13 a	8 229±638 a	248.67±11.15 a
2020	C-LN	243.38±27.26 a	2 597±530 b	38.81±8.47 c
	C-HN	251.63±52.77 a	4 277±605 b	97.92±11.51 b
	T-LN	247.50±26.09 a	3 741±395 b	69.18±3.74 bc
	T-HN	341.00±34.38 a	6 375±1 102 a	139.63±25.33 a

不同CO₂浓度和氮水平对冬小麦光合和生长特性的影响

Effects of different CO₂ concentration and nitrogen rates on photosynthesis and growth of winter wheat

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