Effects of CaCl2 on growth and active substance content in broccoli sprouts

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250624

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 1198-1208.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20250624

• Horticultural Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of CaCl₂ on growth and active substance content in broccoli sprouts

CHEN Mengwei¹(), ZHANG Chenglei¹, LIANG Xu², XIE Yongdong³^,^*(), YIN Xinxing¹

¹ College of Agriculture and Bioengineering, Taizhou Vocational College of Science & Technology, Taizhou 318020, Zhejiang, China
² Taizhou Huangyan Yongtuo Land Development Co., Ltd., Taizhou 318020, Zhejiang, China
³ Institute of Agro-Products Processing, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu 611130, China

Received:2025-09-28 Online:2026-06-25 Published:2026-07-14

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of CaCl₂ seed soaking on the growth and bioactive compound content of broccoli sprouts and to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of CaCl₂ on glucosinolates at the molecular level, broccoli seeds were used as the test material. Seed soaking treatments were performed using 0 (CK), 1.0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mmol·L^-1CaCl₂ solutions. Changes in growth indices, nutrient content, and glucosinolate content of the sprouts under different treatments were compared, and the expression levels of key genes involved in aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis were detected using real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that CaCl₂ treatments at different concentrations all promoted the elongation growth of broccoli sprouts, but had no significant effect on biomass, vitamin C content, and chlorophyll content. Low-concentration CaCl₂ treatments increased the contents of soluble sugars, soluble proteins, carotenoids and aliphatic glucosinolates. All CaCl₂ treatments upregulated the transcription levels of MYB28, Elong, CYP79F1, CYP83A1, UGT74B1 and ST5b genes in broccoli sprouts. The comprehensive evaluation scores based on principal component analysis showed the ranking of overall effects for the five treatments as follows: 2.5 mmol·L^-1CaCl₂>1.0 mmol·L^-1CaCl₂>CK>10.0 mmol·L^-1CaCl₂>5.0 mmol·L^-1CaCl₂. In conclusion, CaCl₂ seed soaking can promote the expression of genes related to aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis in broccoli sprouts, with the 2.5 mmol·L^-1CaCl₂ treatment showing the best effect in promoting growth and the accumulation of bioactive compounds.

Key words: CaCl₂, broccoli sprouts, glucosinolates, gene expression, bioactive compound

CLC Number:

S635.3

CHEN Mengwei, ZHANG Chenglei, LIANG Xu, XIE Yongdong, YIN Xinxing. Effects of CaCl₂ on growth and active substance content in broccoli sprouts[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2026, 38(6): 1198-1208.

Figures/Tables 10

References 38

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基因 Genes	正向引物序列(5'→3') Forward primer sequence(5'→3')	反向引物序列(5'→3') Reverse primer sequence(5'→3')	产物长度/bp Product length/bp
β-actin	CCAGAGGTCTTGTTCCAGCCATC	GTTCCACCACTGAGCACAATGTTAC	137
MYB28	TTCCTCCAAACAACGTTTTACC	TGGAACACATCGGACATAAGAA	176
Elong	AAGGTCGTCTGAAAGAGTTGGG	TGATTTCGTTGTCGTTAGTGCC	186
CYP79F1	CAAGCGGAGAAAGATCATCTTG	GGATTGTTGTAACTGCGAACTT	164
CYP83A1	ATAAGCGAGCTTATGTTGACCT	ATCATATAAGCCGTGAGACCTG	206
UGT74B1	CAGTGGTTTTTGTTTCGTTTGG	GTTGGATTCTTGTAACGCCTTT	86
ST5b	TCTCCTGAAATGTAACCCTCAC	GAGGGATATGAGTCGAGAACAG	119

基因 Genes	正向引物序列(5'→3') Forward primer sequence(5'→3')	反向引物序列(5'→3') Reverse primer sequence(5'→3')	产物长度/bp Product length/bp
β-actin	CCAGAGGTCTTGTTCCAGCCATC	GTTCCACCACTGAGCACAATGTTAC	137
MYB28	TTCCTCCAAACAACGTTTTACC	TGGAACACATCGGACATAAGAA	176
Elong	AAGGTCGTCTGAAAGAGTTGGG	TGATTTCGTTGTCGTTAGTGCC	186
CYP79F1	CAAGCGGAGAAAGATCATCTTG	GGATTGTTGTAACTGCGAACTT	164
CYP83A1	ATAAGCGAGCTTATGTTGACCT	ATCATATAAGCCGTGAGACCTG	206
UGT74B1	CAGTGGTTTTTGTTTCGTTTGG	GTTGGATTCTTGTAACGCCTTT	86
ST5b	TCTCCTGAAATGTAACCCTCAC	GAGGGATATGAGTCGAGAACAG	119

CaCl₂浓度/(mmol·L^-1) CaCl₂ concentration/(mmol·L^-1)	下胚轴长/mm Hypocotyl length/mm	主根长/mm Main root length/mm	单株可食鲜重/g Edible fresh weight per plant/g
0(CK)	38.55±1.80 b	76.35±16.69 b	0.061±0.003 a
1.0	43.04±4.92 ab	109.14±3.58 a	0.061±0.006 a
2.5	48.26±7.26 a	111.02±6.51 a	0.068±0.009 a
5.0	40.36±0.73 ab	114.37±5.79 a	0.058±0.007 a
10.0	42.74±2.49 ab	105.66±9.10 a	0.061±0.001 a

CaCl₂浓度/(mmol·L^-1) CaCl₂ concentration/(mmol·L^-1)	下胚轴长/mm Hypocotyl length/mm	主根长/mm Main root length/mm	单株可食鲜重/g Edible fresh weight per plant/g
0(CK)	38.55±1.80 b	76.35±16.69 b	0.061±0.003 a
1.0	43.04±4.92 ab	109.14±3.58 a	0.061±0.006 a
2.5	48.26±7.26 a	111.02±6.51 a	0.068±0.009 a
5.0	40.36±0.73 ab	114.37±5.79 a	0.058±0.007 a
10.0	42.74±2.49 ab	105.66±9.10 a	0.061±0.001 a

CaCl₂浓度/ (mmol·L^-1) CaCl₂ concentration/ (mmol·L^-1)	含量/(μmol·g^-1) Content/(μmol·g^-1)
CaCl₂浓度/ (mmol·L^-1) CaCl₂ concentration/ (mmol·L^-1)	GRA	PRO	GNA	GER	4HGBS	GBS	4MGBS	NGBS
0(CK)	51.23± 2.94 b	0.42± 0.02 c	1.85± 0.13 a	19.07± 0.91 bc	2.10± 0.15 a	4.04± 0.20 a	1.68± 0.07 a	0.64± 0.03 b
1.0	64.72± 3.87 a	0.72± 0.05 a	2.35± 0.14 a	20.82± 0.95 ab	1.91± 0.27 a	3.56± 0.18 ab	1.66± 0.13 a	0.69± 0.02 b
2.5	61.09± 4.70 a	0.44± 0.02 bc	2.17± 0.23 a	23.85± 1.07 a	2.08± 0.06 a	3.96± 0.13 a	1.54± 0.04 ab	0.99± 0.03 a
5.0	34.33± 7.86 c	0.45± 0.05 bc	1.59± 0.34 b	17.37± 2.63 c	1.35± 0.22 b	3.18± 0.33 b	1.27± 0.13 c	0.75± 0.08 b
10.0	39.57± 1.99 c	0.52± 0.05 b	1.79± 0.19 a	20.37± 2.04 bc	1.35± 0.40 b	3.36± 0.40 b	1.31± 0.19 bc	0.89± 0.09 a

Effects of CaCl₂ on growth and active substance content in broccoli sprouts

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指标Indicator	GRA	PRO	GNA	GER	MYB28	Elong	CYP79F1	CYP83A1	UGT74B1
PRO	0.47
GNA	0.96^**	0.65
GER	0.72	0.13	0.74
MYB28	0.52	0.21	0.60	0.79
Elong	0.51	-0.18	0.49	0.89^*	0.88^*
CYP79F1	0.47	0	0.52	0.92^*	0.91^*	0.96^*
CYP83A1	0.50	-0.18	0.48	0.87	0.88^*	1.00^**	0.95^*
UGT74B1	0.60	0.23	0.67	0.85	0.99^**	0.90^*	0.93^*	0.90^*
ST5b	0.48	0.28	0.58	0.71	0.99^**	0.81	0.86	0.82	0.97^**

主成分 Principal component	特征值 Eigenvalue	方差贡献率/% Variance contribution rate/%	累计方差贡献率/% Cumulative variance contribution rate/%
1	8.059	50.371	50.371
2	4.342	27.137	77.508
3	2.166	13.536	91.044
4	1.433	8.956	100

CaCl₂浓度/(mmol·L^-1) CaCl₂ concentration/(mmol·L^-1)	Y₁	Y₂	Y₃	Y₄	综合得分 Comprehensive score	排序 Ranking
0	0.975	-3.439	0.833	-0.239	-0.351	3
1.0	2.147	0.114	-2.296	0.524	0.849	2
2.5	2.642	2.113	1.608	0.398	2.158	1
5.0	-4.122	0.193	0.152	1.241	-1.892	5
10.0	-1.642	1.018	-0.298	-1.924	-0.764	4

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