Screening and identification of soybean germplasm for low nitrogen tolerance during seedling stage

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240119

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 965-976.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20240119

• Crop Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Screening and identification of soybean germplasm for low nitrogen tolerance during seedling stage

HE Guoxin¹^,²(), LI Sujuan²(), WANG Jian³, TAO Xiaoyuan⁴, YE Zihong¹, CHEN Guang³^,^*(), XU Shengchun¹^,²^,⁴^,^*()

1. School of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
2. Public Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
3. Institute of Digital Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
4. Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311258, China

Received:2024-02-01 Online:2025-05-25 Published:2025-06-11

Abstract

Abstract:

To enhance the nitrogen use efficiency of soybean varieties tolerant to low nitrogen, it is crucial to screen and accurately identify the characters of germplasm resources. In this study, 557 soybean germplasms were used as experimental materials. Hydroponic experiments were conducted under normal nitrogen conditions (7.5 mmol·L^-1) and low nitrogen conditions (0.75 mmol·L^-1). Fourteen physiological indicators related to low nitrogen tolerance, including biomass, root length, and relative chlorophyll content, were measured. The low nitrogen characteristics of germplasm resources were evaluated using analysis of variance, correlation analysis, fuzzy membership function method, principal component comprehensive evaluation method, and clustering analysis. Under low nitrogen stress, except for no significant differences in the actual photosynthetic efficiency of the second trifoliate and the quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation in the first trifoliate, the other 12 indicators showed significant differences. Principal component analysis was used to transform the nitrogen tolerance coefficients of the 12 significantly changed traits into five comprehensive indicators, with a cumulative contribution rate of 80.87%. Based on the principal component comprehensive evaluation value (D), the 557 soybean germplasm resources were clustered into five types: low nitrogen-tolerant type, relatively low nitrogen-tolerant type, moderately low nitrogen-tolerant type, low nitrogen-sensitive type, and low nitrogen-sensitive type. Low nitrogen-tolerant types, including varieties such as Shidou 2, YJ002313, and AMURSKAYA 402, were identified, as well as low nitrogen-sensitive types, including varieties such as Kec14-705, Zhongye 1, 97 Jian 23, Piheidou, and Yongchengdazilvdou. Based on stepwise linear regression analysis, underground length, underground dry weight, root-to-shoot ratio (RL/SL), quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation in the second trifoliate, and relative chlorophyll content in the first trifoliate were identified as key important features for evaluating soybean low nitrogen tolerance characteristics. This study identified excellent soybean germplasm with low nitrogen tolerance, providing the material foundation for the breeding of soybean varieties with low nitrogen tolerance.

Key words: soybean, low nitrogen stress, germplasm resource screening, physiological traits, principal component comprehensive evaluation method

CLC Number:

S565.1

HE Guoxin, LI Sujuan, WANG Jian, TAO Xiaoyuan, YE Zihong, CHEN Guang, XU Shengchun. Screening and identification of soybean germplasm for low nitrogen tolerance during seedling stage[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(5): 965-976.

Figures/Tables 10

References 36

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性状 Trait	低氮胁迫条件Low-nitrogen stress conditions					正常氮条件Normal nitrogen conditions
性状 Trait	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV/%	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV/%
SL/cm	10.20	79.60	34.41	9.68	28.13	12.10	80.20	36.38	10.63	29.21
SW/(g·plant^-1)	0.03	2.76	0.80	0.37	46.82	0.04	3.92	1.07	0.55	51.38
RL/cm	7.10	73.20	28.00	8.49	30.32	2.40	87.10	24.77	6.97	28.15
RW/(g·plant^-1)	0.01	2.25	0.22	0.16	73.02	0.01	1.58	0.19	0.15	78.50
RW/SW	0.02	5.92	0.32	0.34	106.79	0.01	8.06	0.22	0.30	136.79
RL/SL	0.21	2.78	0.87	0.33	37.52	0.09	3.10	0.73	0.27	36.43
Phi2_1	0.01	0.81	0.63	0.09	14.66	0.02	0.82	0.62	0.10	16.22
Phi2_2	0.05	0.82	0.64	0.09	14.82	0.02	0.83	0.64	0.10	16.25
PhiNPQ_1	0.06	0.97	0.20	0.09	45.12	0.04	0.97	0.19	0.11	56.05
PhiNPQ_2	0.05	0.93	0.18	0.09	51.41	0.02	0.96	0.17	0.12	69.18
PhiNO_1	0.02	0.38	0.18	0.05	26.36	0.01	0.50	0.19	0.06	29.98
PhiNO_2	0.02	0.45	0.18	0.04	25.34	0.02	0.42	0.19	0.06	30.79
SPAD_1	6.53	50.05	24.72	7.34	29.70	6.53	77.80	35.99	6.47	17.98
SPAD_2	6.53	73.86	29.39	7.48	25.45	6.53	78.25	38.91	5.81	14.95

性状 Trait	低氮胁迫条件Low-nitrogen stress conditions					正常氮条件Normal nitrogen conditions
性状 Trait	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV/%	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV/%
SL/cm	10.20	79.60	34.41	9.68	28.13	12.10	80.20	36.38	10.63	29.21
SW/(g·plant^-1)	0.03	2.76	0.80	0.37	46.82	0.04	3.92	1.07	0.55	51.38
RL/cm	7.10	73.20	28.00	8.49	30.32	2.40	87.10	24.77	6.97	28.15
RW/(g·plant^-1)	0.01	2.25	0.22	0.16	73.02	0.01	1.58	0.19	0.15	78.50
RW/SW	0.02	5.92	0.32	0.34	106.79	0.01	8.06	0.22	0.30	136.79
RL/SL	0.21	2.78	0.87	0.33	37.52	0.09	3.10	0.73	0.27	36.43
Phi2_1	0.01	0.81	0.63	0.09	14.66	0.02	0.82	0.62	0.10	16.22
Phi2_2	0.05	0.82	0.64	0.09	14.82	0.02	0.83	0.64	0.10	16.25
PhiNPQ_1	0.06	0.97	0.20	0.09	45.12	0.04	0.97	0.19	0.11	56.05
PhiNPQ_2	0.05	0.93	0.18	0.09	51.41	0.02	0.96	0.17	0.12	69.18
PhiNO_1	0.02	0.38	0.18	0.05	26.36	0.01	0.50	0.19	0.06	29.98
PhiNO_2	0.02	0.45	0.18	0.04	25.34	0.02	0.42	0.19	0.06	30.79
SPAD_1	6.53	50.05	24.72	7.34	29.70	6.53	77.80	35.99	6.47	17.98
SPAD_2	6.53	73.86	29.39	7.48	25.45	6.53	78.25	38.91	5.81	14.95

性状 Trait	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV/%	F值 F value	显著性 Significance
SPAD_1	0.21	2.03	0.70	0.20	28.82	<2.2×10^-16	***
SPAD_2	0.25	1.45	0.76	0.17	22.00	<2.2×10^-16	***
SW/(g·plant^-1)	0.25	4.10	0.84	0.42	49.48	<2.2×10^-16	***
RL/SL	0.51	3.27	1.24	0.40	32.37	<2.2×10^-16	***
RL/cm	0.53	2.73	1.17	0.36	30.62	<2.2×10^-16	***
PhiNO_2	0.44	4.81	0.98	0.35	35.60	<2.2×10^-16	***
PhiNO_1	0.47	8.54	0.99	0.40	40.01	<2.2×10^-16	***
SL/cm	0.44	2.18	0.97	0.22	22.42	<2.2×10^-16	***
RW/SW	0.13	18.33	1.93	1.65	85.15	<2.2×10^-16	***
RW/(g·plant^-1)	0.18	15.16	1.47	1.21	82.17	<2.2×10^-16	***
PhiNPQ_2	0.13	5.51	1.24	0.65	52.51	1.32×10^-11	***
Phi2_1	0.46	7.56	1.05	0.35	33.60	1.22×10^-4	***
PhiNPQ_1	0.19	4.25	1.11	0.48	43.44	0.22
Phi2_2	0.46	7.89	1.04	0.41	39.11	0.87

性状 Trait	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV/%	F值 F value	显著性 Significance
SPAD_1	0.21	2.03	0.70	0.20	28.82	<2.2×10^-16	***
SPAD_2	0.25	1.45	0.76	0.17	22.00	<2.2×10^-16	***
SW/(g·plant^-1)	0.25	4.10	0.84	0.42	49.48	<2.2×10^-16	***
RL/SL	0.51	3.27	1.24	0.40	32.37	<2.2×10^-16	***
RL/cm	0.53	2.73	1.17	0.36	30.62	<2.2×10^-16	***
PhiNO_2	0.44	4.81	0.98	0.35	35.60	<2.2×10^-16	***
PhiNO_1	0.47	8.54	0.99	0.40	40.01	<2.2×10^-16	***
SL/cm	0.44	2.18	0.97	0.22	22.42	<2.2×10^-16	***
RW/SW	0.13	18.33	1.93	1.65	85.15	<2.2×10^-16	***
RW/(g·plant^-1)	0.18	15.16	1.47	1.21	82.17	<2.2×10^-16	***
PhiNPQ_2	0.13	5.51	1.24	0.65	52.51	1.32×10^-11	***
Phi2_1	0.46	7.56	1.05	0.35	33.60	1.22×10^-4	***
PhiNPQ_1	0.19	4.25	1.11	0.48	43.44	0.22
Phi2_2	0.46	7.89	1.04	0.41	39.11	0.87

性状 Traits	主成分1 PCA1	主成分2 PCA2	主成分3 PCA3	主成分4 PCA4	主成分5 PCA5
SL	-0.21	0.31	0.74	-0.04	0.34
RL	0.54	-0.34	0.68	0.05	-0.24
SW	-0.14	0.22	0.83	0.20	0.01
RW	0.08	0.20	0.12	0.91	0.07
RW/SW	0.20	0.13	-0.38	0.80	0.08
RL/SL	0.66	-0.50	0.19	0.07	-0.47
Phi2_1	0.70	0.54	-0.09	-0.15	0.14
PhiNO_1	0.71	0.51	-0.02	-0.23	0.17
PhiNO_2	0.66	0.52	0.00	-0.09	0.07
PhiNPQ_2	-0.20	-0.55	0.11	-0.03	0.48
SPAD_1	-0.52	0.53	0.08	0.00	-0.32
SPAD_2	-0.51	0.68	0.01	-0.05	-0.33
特征值 Eigenvectors	2.83	2.43	1.93	1.61	0.91
贡献率Contribution ratio/%	23.56	20.24	16.07	13.44	7.55
累计贡献率Cumulative contribution ratio/%	23.56	43.80	59.87	73.31	80.87

Screening and identification of soybean germplasm for low nitrogen tolerance during seedling stage

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种质 Germplasm	D值 D value	低氮耐性评价 Low nitrogen tolerance evaluation	种质类型 Germplasm type
石豆2号 Shidou 2	0.84	耐低氮Tolerant to low nitrogen	国内资源Domestic resources
YJ002313	0.77	耐低氮Tolerant to low nitrogen	国外资源Foreign resources
AMURSKAYA 402	0.74	耐低氮Tolerant to low nitrogen	国外资源Foreign resources
RENTA	0.72	较耐低氮Moderately tolerant to low nitrogen	国外资源Foreign resources
GARAVTT	0.72	较耐低氮Moderately tolerant to low nitrogen	国外资源Foreign resources
冀HJ116 Yi HJ116	0.71	较耐低氮Moderately tolerant to low nitrogen	国内资源Domestic resources
WDD02788	0.71	较耐低氮Moderately tolerant to low nitrogen	国外资源Foreign resources
冀豆11 Yidou 11	0.71	较耐低氮Moderately tolerant to low nitrogen	国内资源Domestic resources
潍豆7号 Weidou 7	0.70	较耐低氮Moderately tolerant to low nitrogen	国内资源Domestic resources
P73-7	0.70	较耐低氮Moderately tolerant to low nitrogen	国外资源Foreign resources
克c14-705 Ke c14-705	0.24	低氮敏感Sensitive to low nitrogen	未知Unknown
中野1号 Zhongye 1	0.24	低氮敏感Sensitive to low nitrogen	国内资源Domestic resources
97鉴2 397 Jian 23	0.24	低氮敏感Sensitive to low nitrogen	国内资源Domestic resources
皮黑豆 Piheidou	0.24	低氮敏感Sensitive to low nitrogen	国内资源Domestic resources
永城大籽绿豆 Yongchengdazilvdou	0.24	低氮敏感Sensitive to low nitrogen	国内资源Domestic resources
OKSKAY-1	0.23	低氮敏感Sensitive to low nitrogen	国外资源Foreign resources
KG-20	0.22	低氮敏感Sensitive to low nitrogen	国外资源Foreign resources
WDD02945	0.21	低氮敏感Sensitive to low nitrogen	国外资源Foreign resources
OAC OXFord	0.21	低氮敏感Sensitive to low nitrogen	国外资源Foreign resources
99nf40	0.15	低氮敏感Sensitive to low nitrogen	国内资源Domestic resources

指标Index	估计值Estimate	标准误差Standard error	t值t value	P值 P value	显著性Significance
截距 Intercept	0.39	0.03	15.32	<2×10^-16	***
RL	-0.06	0.02	-3.59	<0.001	***
RW	-0.01	0	-3.62	<0.001	***
RL/SL	0.15	0.02	9.17	<2×10^-16	***
PhiNPQ_2	-0.02	0.01	-3.76	<0.001	***
SPAD_1	0.04	0.02	1.79	0.07

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