水生动植物协同净化系统对鳜鱼养殖池塘水质与经济效益的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221119

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 1709-1719.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221119

水生动植物协同净化系统对鳜鱼养殖池塘水质与经济效益的影响

杨坤¹(), 侯冠军¹^,^*(), 赵秀侠¹, 方婷¹, 王利军²

1.安徽省农业科学院水产研究所,水产增养殖安徽省重点实验室,安徽合肥 230031
2.滁州隆财渔业有限公司,安徽滁州 239060

收稿日期:2022-08-02 出版日期:2023-07-25 发布日期:2023-08-17
作者简介:杨坤(1981—),女,河北邯郸人,硕士,助理研究员,研究方向为养殖尾水治理。E-mail:yykk117@163.com
通讯作者: *侯冠军,E-mail:hgj2005hf@163.com
基金资助:
安徽省水产产业技术体系(皖农科〔2021〕711号);合肥市农业行业首席专家工作室(合农〔2020〕31号);滁州市重点研究开发专项(2019ZN015);安徽省重点研究与开发计划生态环境专项(2022107020008);安徽省农业科学院青年英才计划项目(QNYC-202108)

Effects of aquatic animals-plants synergistic purification system on water quality and economic benefit in mandarin fish pond

YANG Kun¹(), HOU Guanjun¹^,^*(), ZHAO Xiuxia¹, FANG Ting¹, WANG Lijun²

1. Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture and Enhancement of Anhui Province, Fisheries Research Institute, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
2. Chuzhou Longcai Fisheries Co., Ltd., Chuzhou 239060, Anhui, China

Received:2022-08-02 Online:2023-07-25 Published:2023-08-17
Contact: HOU Guanjun

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究水生动植物协同净化系统(褶纹冠蚌+水蕹菜+水稻)对鳜鱼养殖池塘水质与经济效益的影响,设计3个处理,分别为0-F组(对照组,无净化系统)、10%-F组(净化组,水蕹菜和水稻覆盖率各5%)和30%-F组(净化组,水蕹菜和水稻覆盖率各15%),净化组中各塘褶纹冠蚌密度均为每667 m² 50只。试验期间定期监测水质和蚌生长情况,结束时测定鳜鱼成活率、产量与水生植物收获量。结果显示:各处理组水温、pH值无显著差异,但净化组的透明度始终高于对照组;试验结束时,0-F组的总氮(TN)质量浓度比初始增加35.5%,10%-F组和30%-F组的TN质量浓度分别比初始时降低23.8%和49.0%,NH⁺₄-N质量浓度分别增加167%、53%和34%,COD_Mn质量浓度分别增加138.5%、100.0%和88.9%,各组总磷(TP)质量浓度随时间呈现波动式下降趋势;水质、鳜鱼成活率、产量和经济效益均以30%-F组最优,10%-F组次之,0-F组最差。10%-F组水蕹菜和水稻单产均高于30%-F组,蚌湿重增长率30%-F组高于10%-F组。总体而言,动植物协同净化系统可明显提升鳜鱼养殖池塘水质与经济效益,且植物覆盖率为30%的净化系统应用效果优于覆盖率为10%的净化系统。

关键词: 协同净化, 覆盖率, 水蕹菜, 水稻, 褶纹冠蚌, 水质

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of the synergistic purification system of aquatic animals-plants (Ipomoea aquatica+Oryza sativa+Cristaria plicata) on water quality and economic benefits of mandarin fish (Siniperca chuatsi) culture ponds, one control group (0-F, without purification system) and two purification groups with a plant coverage rate of 10% (10%-F, 5% coverage for each of water spinach and rice) and 30% (30%-F, 15% for each of water spinach and rice) were set up. Crested mussels were also hunging cultured (50 ind per 667m²) in the ponds in the latter two groups. The water quality and growth rate of mussels were regularly monitored during the experiment, and the survival rate, yield and harvest of aquatic plants were determined at the end of the experiment. The results showed that there was no significant difference in water temperature and pH value among different groups. The water transparency of the purification groups was always higher than that of the control group. Compared with the initial mass concentration, the final mass concentration of total nitrogen (TN) in the 0-F group increased by 35.5%, and that of the 10%-F group and 30%-F group decreased by 23.8% and 49.0%, respectively. The final mass concentration of NH⁺₄-N in 0-F group, 10%-F group and 30%-F group increased by 167%, 53% and 34% of the initial mass concentration, respectively. The final mass concentration of COD_Mn in 0-F group, 10%-F group and 30%-F group increased by 138.5%, 100.0% and 88.9% compared with the initial mass concentration, respectively. The total phosphorus (TP) mass concentration in each group showed a fluctuating downward trend with time. At the end of the experiment, the water quality, mandarin fish survival rate, yield and economic benefit were the best in the 30%-F group, followed by the 10%-F group, and the 0-F group was the worst. The per unit area yields of water spinach and rice in the 10%-F group were higher than those in the 30%-F group. The wet weight growth rate of mussels in 30%-F group was higher than that of 10%-F group. In general, the synergistic purification system can significantly improve the water quality and economic benefits of mandarin fish ponds, and the application effect of the purification system with 30% plant coverage was slightly better than that of purification system with 10% plant coverage.

Key words: synergistic purification, coverage rate, Ipomoea aquatica, Oryza sativa, Cristaria plicata, water quality

中图分类号:

S969.38

杨坤, 侯冠军, 赵秀侠, 方婷, 王利军. 水生动植物协同净化系统对鳜鱼养殖池塘水质与经济效益的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(7): 1709-1719.

YANG Kun, HOU Guanjun, ZHAO Xiuxia, FANG Ting, WANG Lijun. Effects of aquatic animals-plants synergistic purification system on water quality and economic benefit in mandarin fish pond[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(7): 1709-1719.

图/表 7

图1 试验塘布局和净化材料安置示意图 A,塘口位置布局平面图;B,池塘内部布局平面图;C,褶纹冠蚌安置示意图。

Fig.1 Layout of ponds and position of purification materials in different ponds A, Layout of ponds location; B, Layout of experimental equipment in ponds; C, Layout of mussels positon.

图2 试验期间各组水温、pH值、溶解氧和透明度的变化不同小写字母表示不同处理组同时间点差异显著(P<0.05),相同小写字母或者无字母表示不同处理组同时间点差异不显著(P>0.05)。

Fig.2 Changes of water temperature, pH value, dissolved oxygen mass concentration and transparency of each group during the experiment Different letters represented significant differences between different treatments at the same time (P<0.05), the same letters or no letter represented no significant differences between different treatments at the same time(P>0.05).

图3 试验期间各组TN、NH+4-N和TP的质量浓度

Fig.3 Mass concentration changes of TN, NH+4-N and TP in each group during the experiment

图4 试验期间各组CODMn质量浓度的变化

Fig.4 Mass concentration changes of CODMn in each group during the experiment

表1 鱼类的成活率和产量

Table 1 The survival rates and yields of fish of each group

组别 Group	鳜鱼 Mandarin fish		鲢 Silver carp		鳙 Bighead carp		细鳞斜颌鲴 Small scale yellowfin
组别 Group	成活率 Survival rate/%	产量 Yield/kg	成活率 Survival rate/%	产量 Yield/kg	成活率 Survival rate/%	产量 Yield/kg	成活率 Survival rate/%	产量 Yield/kg
0-F	88.6 a	1 180.7 a	91.7 b	185.3 a	93.3 a	150.3 b	86.7 a	24.0 a
10%-F	89.1 a	1 209.5 a	94.1 a	182.7 b	95.2 a	160.9 ab	90.8 a	22.6 a
30%-F	90.2 a	1 243.2 a	95.3 a	187.6 a	96.7 a	165.4 a	88.9 a	21.6 a

表2 水质净化生物的生长和产量

Table 2 Growth of mussels and yields of plants in each group

组别 Group	蚌Mussel				水稻单位面积产量 Rice yield per unit area/kg	水蕹菜单位浮床产量 Water spinach yield per floating-bed/kg
组别 Group	成活率 Survival rate/%	湿重相对增长率 Relative growth rate of wet weight/%	壳长相对增长率 Relative growth rate of shell length/%	壳宽相对增长率 Relative growth rate of shell width/%	水稻单位面积产量 Rice yield per unit area/kg	水蕹菜单位浮床产量 Water spinach yield per floating-bed/kg
10%-F	100.0	27.8	4.8	10.7	0.33	3.74
30%-F	100.0	29.8	3.6	16.7	0.28	2.59

表3 各组效益概算

Table 3 Estimates of benefit in each group

组别 Group	销售额/元Sales volume /yuan						成本支出/元 Cost/yuan	经济效益/元 Economic benefit/yuan
组别 Group	鳜鱼 Mandarin fish	鲢 Silver carp	鳙 Bighead carp	细鳞斜颌鲴 Small scale yellowfin	水稻 Rice	水蕹菜 Water spinach	成本支出/元 Cost/yuan	经济效益/元 Economic benefit/yuan
0-F	75 564.8	2 220.0	3 000.0	480.0	0	0	43 039.4	38 225.4
10%-F	77 440.0	2 192.4	3 220.0	432.0	495.0	598.4	42 666.3	41 711.5
30%-F	79 552.0	2 251.0	3 300.0	452.0	1 237.5	1 241.6	45 978.1	42 056.0

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水生动植物协同净化系统对鳜鱼养殖池塘水质与经济效益的影响

Effects of aquatic animals-plants synergistic purification system on water quality and economic benefit in mandarin fish pond

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