绿芦笋品种间产量及主要营养成分周年变化测定

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231428

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (10): 2238-2246.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20231428

绿芦笋品种间产量及主要营养成分周年变化测定

张旭娟¹(), 周历萍², 俞可欣¹, 柴伟国², 潘念¹, 傅潇霞³, 施建军¹^,^*()

1.杭州佳惠农业开发有限公司,浙江杭州 311228
2.杭州市农业科学研究院,浙江杭州 310024
3.杭州市萧山区农(林)业技术推广中心,浙江杭州 311200

收稿日期:2023-12-21 出版日期:2024-10-25 发布日期:2024-10-30
作者简介:张旭娟(1986—),女,陕西彬县人,学士,高级农艺师,研究方向为蔬菜育种。E-mail:2635755911@qq.com
通讯作者: ^*施建军,E-mail:29251884@qq.com
基金资助:
浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项(蔬菜新品种选育)子课题芦笋新品种选育(2021C02065-7-2)

Determination of annual variation of yield and main nutrients of green asparagus

ZHANG Xujuan¹(), ZHOU Liping², YU Kexin¹, CHAI Weiguo², PAN Nian¹, FU Xiaoxia³, SHI Jianjun¹^,^*()

1. Hangzhou Jiahui Agricultural Development Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311228, China
2. Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
3. Xiaoshan Agricultural (Forestry) Technology Promotion Center, Hangzhou 311200, China

Received:2023-12-21 Online:2024-10-25 Published:2024-10-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过对6个绿芦笋品种在整个采收期内的生长速度、产量及不同部位的主要营养成分进行测定分析,研究我国南方设施栽培模式下绿芦笋产量和主要营养成分之间的相关性,以及不同品种主要营养成分周年变化情况,为鉴选适宜南方种植的芦笋品种提供依据。经研究,在收获季节,JH152的生长速度略快于其他品种,且该品种的单株年产量(3 220.80 g)、商品笋率(92.67%)和优质笋率(52.73%)均显著高于其他5个品种,但其嫩茎上部总黄酮和维生素C(V_C)的年平均含量较低,这可能与其生长快、产量高有关。格兰德虽单株年产量较低(2 294.51 g),但其嫩茎的总黄酮和V_C营养成分含量显著高于其他品种(总黄酮542.9 mg·kg^-1、V_C 596.8 mg·kg^-1)。在营养品质的周年表现方面,6个绿芦笋品种的主要营养成分(总黄酮、V_C和可溶性糖)因不同收获季节及嫩茎不同部位存在显著差异 (P<0.05),且相对于品种和产量而言,不同收获季节和管理方式对芦笋主要营养成分的影响更大。研究结果进一步阐明了芦笋营养品质的变化规律,同时也为育种家提供了培育优质、特质芦笋品种的依据。

关键词: 绿芦笋, 总黄酮, 维生素C, 可溶性糖, 产量, 周年表现

Abstract:

The annual variation in yield and nutritional quality of green asparagus under the cultivation mode in southern China was evaluated to provide the selection basis for asparagus farmers. Fresh spears of six cultivars were harvested in different months, to determine the growth rate, yield and main nutritional components (soluble sugar, V_C and total flavonoids) from their different parts. During the harvest season, the growth rate of JH152 was slightly faster than other cultivars, and its annual yield of 3 220.80 g per plant, commodity rate (92.67%) and high-quality (52.73%) rate were significantly higher, but the total flavonoids and vitamin C (V_C) contents in the upper segment of JH152 spears were low, which may be related to the shortest emergence time and the highest yield. Relatively, the annual yield of Grande was lower (2 294.51 g per plant), but its fresh spears retained better commercial and nutritional quality with 542.9 mg·kg^-1 total flavonoids and 596.8 mg·kg^-1 V_C. Total flavonoids, V_C and soluble sugar in spears exhibited marked seasonal variation, and their contents in different parts were significantly diverse (P<0.05), and the effects of harvest seasons and management methods on the main nutrients of green asparagus were greater than that of variety and yield. The study further elucidates the regularity of nutritional quality of green asparagus, and also provides the basis for breeding of green asparagus with high quality and yield.

Key words: green asparagus, total flavonoids, vitamin C, soluble sugar, yield, annual performance

中图分类号:

S644.6

张旭娟, 周历萍, 俞可欣, 柴伟国, 潘念, 傅潇霞, 施建军. 绿芦笋品种间产量及主要营养成分周年变化测定[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(10): 2238-2246.

ZHANG Xujuan, ZHOU Liping, YU Kexin, CHAI Weiguo, PAN Nian, FU Xiaoxia, SHI Jianjun. Determination of annual variation of yield and main nutrients of green asparagus[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(10): 2238-2246.

图/表 5

图1 六个绿芦笋品种在采收期内生长速度和主要营养成分的对比

Fig.1 Comparison of growth rates and main nutrients of six green asparagus cultivars during the harvest season

表1 六个绿芦笋品种在6次采收期内嫩茎产量和商品性的对比

Table 1 Comparison of yield and merchantability of six green asparagus cultivars during the harvest seasons

指标 Item		品种Cultivar
指标 Item		格兰德 Grande	沃克先锋 Walker pioneer	泰林 Thielim	丰岛1号 Fengdao No.1	佳芦1号 Jialu No.1	JH152
株产量	春季Spring	879.73 c	931.60 b	741.12 d	1056.67 a	976.03 b	1071.72 a
Plant yield/g	夏季Summer	1047.18 d	1216.80 c	1000.78 c	1326.92 b	1379.33 b	1688.35 a
	秋季Autumn	367.60 b	357.82 bc	244.37 d	375.00 b	321.73 c	460.73 a
	全年Full year	2294.51 d	2506.22 c	1986.27 d	2758.58 b	2677.10 b	3220.80 a
优质笋率	春季Spring	45.21 b	41.37 bc	36.51 c	29.65 d	48.76 ab	51.89 a
High-quality rate/%	夏季Summer	51.14 b	48.89 b	42.18 cd	40.21 d	44.14 c	63.50 a
	秋季Autumn	28.10 c	29.42 c	36.37 b	19.14 d	28.04 c	42.79 a
	全年Full year	41.48 b	39.89 b	38.35 b	29.67 c	40.31 b	52.73 a
商品笋率	春季Spring	96.80 a	91.76 c	89.96 c	96.30 ab	95.63 b	96.98 a
Commodity rate/%	夏季Summer	90.76 b	92.48 b	86.21 c	89.90 b	90.32 b	96.36 a
	秋季Autumn	72.58 b	79.57 a	71.84 b	73.07 b	67.88 b	84.85 a
	全年Full year	86.77 b	87.94 b	82.67 c	86.43 b	84.61 bc	92.67 a

图2 六个绿芦笋品种在全年采收期内总黄酮含量的变化趋势与对比 a,嫩茎上段;b,嫩茎中段;c,嫩茎下段;d,嫩茎平均值。下同。

Fig.2 Trend and comparison of total flavonoids content of six green asparagus cultivars during the harvest season a, Upper part; b, Middle part; c, Lower part; d, Average content of asparagus spear. The same as below.

图3 六个绿芦笋品种在全年采收期内VC含量的变化趋势与对比

Fig.3 Trend and comparison of vitamin C of six green asparagus cultivars during the harvest season

图4 六个绿芦笋品种在采收期内可溶性糖含量的变化趋势与对比

Fig.4 Trend and comparison of soluble sugar of six green asparagus cultivars during the harvest season

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绿芦笋品种间产量及主要营养成分周年变化测定

Determination of annual variation of yield and main nutrients of green asparagus

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