竹屑替代木屑栽培毛木耳的可行性及其品质综合评价

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.06.19

浙江农业学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (6): 1416-1426.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2023.06.19

竹屑替代木屑栽培毛木耳的可行性及其品质综合评价

叶雷¹^,²(), 张波¹, 杨学圳¹, 李小林¹, 张小平²^,^*(), 谭伟¹^,^*()

1.四川省食用菌研究所,四川成都 610066
2.四川农业大学资源学院,四川成都 611130

收稿日期:2022-08-10 出版日期:2023-06-25 发布日期:2023-07-04
通讯作者: *谭伟,E-mail:332528058@qq.com;张小平,E-mail:zhangxiaopingphd@126.com
作者简介:叶雷(1992—),男,四川宜宾人,博士研究生,助理研究员,研究方向为毛木耳、块菌等珍稀食(药)用菌遗传育种、高效栽培与微生物资源利用。E-mail:357148458@qq.com
基金资助:
国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-20);四川省食用菌创新团队项目(SCCXTD-2023-07)

Feasibility of Auricularia cornea cultivation with bamboo sawdust instead of wood sawdust and comprehensive evaluation of quality

YE Lei¹^,²(), ZHANG Bo¹, YANG Xuezhen¹, LI Xiaolin¹, ZHANG Xiaoping²^,^*(), TAN Wei¹^,^*()

1. Sichuan Institute of Edible Fungi, Chengdu 610066, China
2. College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China

Received:2022-08-10 Online:2023-06-25 Published:2023-07-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为评价竹屑用作毛木耳栽培代料的可行性,设计4个替代比例栽培毛木耳,以原配方为对照(CK),开展试验,对菌棒发菌、出耳单产、耳片性状,以及子实体营养成分和氨基酸组成等进行测定,并采用主成分分析、聚类热图分析、方差分析和氨基酸比值系数法等综合评价竹屑替代对毛木耳的影响。结果显示,用8%竹屑替代CK中相同比例的木屑进行毛木耳生产是可行的。用竹屑部分替代木屑,可显著(P<0.05)提高毛木耳子实体的氨基酸、灰分和蛋白质含量,显著降低粗纤维含量,且8%~16%的竹屑替代木屑还能显著提高子实体的粗多糖含量。从各处理(含CK)的毛木耳子实体中均检测到17种氨基酸,包括7种必需氨基酸,其必需氨基酸含量高于FAO(联合国粮食及农业组织)/WHO(世界卫生组织)模式谱,低于全鸡蛋模式谱,赖氨酸为第一限制性氨基酸。各处理下,干耳的铅、镉含量均符合相应的国家食品安全标准。综上,用8%的竹屑等量替代木屑不仅可用于毛木耳栽培,还能促进子实体的氨基酸积累,提高子实体的鲜味和蛋白营养。

关键词: 毛木耳, 竹屑, 主成分分析, 产量, 营养成分, 氨基酸评价

Abstract:

In order to evaluate the feasibility of bamboo sawdust in cultivation medium of Auricularia cornea, an experiment was carried out. Four treatments with different substitution proportions of bamboo sawdust instead of wood sawdust were set, as well as the original formula as the control. The mycelium growth, yield, agronomic characteristics and amino acid composition of fruiting bodies were determined. Principal component analysis (PCA), cluster heat map, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and amino acid coefficient method were used to comprehensively evaluate the effect of different treatments on artificial cultivation of A. cornea. It was shown that replacing 8% wood sawdust with bamboo sawdust worked for the cultivation of A. cornea. Substitution of wood sawdust in the medium with bamboo sawdust could significantly (P<0.05) increase the contents of amino acid, ash, and protein in fruiting bodies, and reduce crude fiber content. Besides, when the substitution proportion was 8% to 16%, it could significantly increase the crude polysaccharides content in the fruit bodies. The fruiting bodies obtained from 5 treatments all contained 17 amino acids, of which 7 were essential. The content of essential amino acids in fruiting bodies under the experiment was higher than that of FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations)/WHO (World Health Organization) model, yet lower than that of whole egg model. Lysine was the first limiting amino acid among all the essential amino acids. The lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) content of fruiting bodies under all the treatments complied with national food safety standards. In conclusion, cultivation of A. cornea with 8% bamboo sawdust instead of wood sawdust was feasible, and it could promote the accumulation of amino acids, improve the taste, and the nutritional value of protein.

Key words: Auricularia cornea, bamboo sawdust, principal component analysis, yield, nutritional ingredient, amino acid evaluation

中图分类号:

S39
S646.6

叶雷, 张波, 杨学圳, 李小林, 张小平, 谭伟. 竹屑替代木屑栽培毛木耳的可行性及其品质综合评价[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2023, 35(6): 1416-1426.

YE Lei, ZHANG Bo, YANG Xuezhen, LI Xiaolin, ZHANG Xiaoping, TAN Wei. Feasibility of Auricularia cornea cultivation with bamboo sawdust instead of wood sawdust and comprehensive evaluation of quality[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(6): 1416-1426.

图/表 9

参考文献 29

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处理 Treatment	MGR/(cm·d^-1)	MGV	CR/%	TE/mm	SA/cm²	TDY/g
CK	0.52±0.01 a	+++	5.73±0.24 c	0.68±0.03 a	3 496.80±327.34 a	114.87±2.86 a
ZX8	0.46±0.03 ab	+++	2.38±0.59 d	0.58±0.02 ab	3 224.64±161.43 ab	113.83±2.29 a
ZX16	0.45±0.05 ab	++	2.76±0.36 d	0.60±0.05 b	2 849.94±286.42 bc	106.95±6.29 ab
ZX24	0.42±0.06 b	++	7.05±0.15 b	0.55±0.03 cd	2 459.45±475.42 c	102.85±7.65 b
ZX32	0.48±0.02 ab	+	9.22±0.86 a	0.52±0.02 d	2 459.46±308.18 c	101.63±6.23 b

处理 Treatment	MGR/(cm·d^-1)	MGV	CR/%	TE/mm	SA/cm²	TDY/g
CK	0.52±0.01 a	+++	5.73±0.24 c	0.68±0.03 a	3 496.80±327.34 a	114.87±2.86 a
ZX8	0.46±0.03 ab	+++	2.38±0.59 d	0.58±0.02 ab	3 224.64±161.43 ab	113.83±2.29 a
ZX16	0.45±0.05 ab	++	2.76±0.36 d	0.60±0.05 b	2 849.94±286.42 bc	106.95±6.29 ab
ZX24	0.42±0.06 b	++	7.05±0.15 b	0.55±0.03 cd	2 459.45±475.42 c	102.85±7.65 b
ZX32	0.48±0.02 ab	+	9.22±0.86 a	0.52±0.02 d	2 459.46±308.18 c	101.63±6.23 b

处理Treatment	灰分Ash	粗纤维Crude fiber	蛋白质Protein	粗多糖Crude polysaccharides
CK	17.15±0.05 c	421.05±17.66 a	75.19±1.13 d	25.53±0.29 b
ZX8	18.65±0.35 b	383.55±2.15 b	81.32±0.98 c	26.98±0.06 a
ZX16	18.56±0.01 b	380.38±0.16 b	80.11±0.01 c	26.81±0.06 a
ZX24	18.55±0.25 b	387.95±1.35 b	87.13±0.50 a	22.63±0.02 d
ZX32	19.45±0.05 a	353.35±16.25 c	85.10±0.42 b	24.51±0.04 c

处理Treatment	灰分Ash	粗纤维Crude fiber	蛋白质Protein	粗多糖Crude polysaccharides
CK	17.15±0.05 c	421.05±17.66 a	75.19±1.13 d	25.53±0.29 b
ZX8	18.65±0.35 b	383.55±2.15 b	81.32±0.98 c	26.98±0.06 a
ZX16	18.56±0.01 b	380.38±0.16 b	80.11±0.01 c	26.81±0.06 a
ZX24	18.55±0.25 b	387.95±1.35 b	87.13±0.50 a	22.63±0.02 d
ZX32	19.45±0.05 a	353.35±16.25 c	85.10±0.42 b	24.51±0.04 c

指标Index	CK	ZX8	ZX16	ZX24	ZX32
苏氨酸Thr/(g·kg^-1)	3.95±0.04 e	4.38±0.06 d	4.52±0.01 c	4.72±0.08 b	4.85±0.03 a
缬氨酸Val/(g·kg^-1)	3.74±0.01 c	4.15±0.05 bc	4.27±0.01 b	4.53±0.07 b	5.16±0.54 a
异亮氨酸Ile/(g·kg^-1)	2.39±0.01 d	2.68±0.01 c	2.79±0.02 b	2.95±0.07 a	2.99±0.01 a
蛋氨酸Met/(g·kg^-1)	0.48±0.12 b	0.71±0.01 a	0.73±0.01 a	0.73±0.01 a	0.69±0.01 a
亮氨酸Leu/(g·kg^-1)	4.86±0.04 e	5.34±0.09 d	5.54±0.02 c	5.88±0.08 b	6.02±0.06 a
苯丙氨酸Phe/(g·kg^-1)	1.53±0.02 e	1.71±0.01 d	1.88±0.01 c	1.93±0.04 b	2.01±0.01 a
赖氨酸Lys/(g·kg^-1)	2.63±0.06 d	2.96±0.03 c	3.08±0.03 b	3.19±0.08 a	2.99±0.09 bc
天门冬氨酸Asp/(g·kg^-1)	7.01±0.07 d	7.82±0.16 c	8.03±0.02 b	8.55±0.10 a	8.59±0.12 a
丝氨酸Ser/(g·kg^-1)	3.35±0.02 c	3.89±0.03 b	3.81±0.01 b	3.92±0.10 a	3.96±0.02 a
谷氨酸Glu/(g·kg^-1)	6.81±0.04 c	7.74±0.05 b	7.76±0.04 b	8.06±0.14 a	8.17±0.09 a
甘氨酸Gly/(g·kg^-1)	3.25±0.06 d	3.58±0.04 c	3.89±0.01 b	3.93±0.03 a	4.01±0.09 a
丙氨酸Ala/(g·kg^-1)	4.69±0.11 d	5.09±0.12 c	5.41±0.09 b	5.51±0.09 b	5.73±0.11 a
酪氨酸Tyr/(g·kg^-1)	3.39±0.08 d	3.80±0.04 c	4.11±0.11 b	4.20±0.02 ab	4.26±0.09 a
组氨酸His/(g·kg^-1)	2.58±0.09 c	2.91±0.02 b	2.99±0.01 b	3.14±0.04 a	3.22±0.05 a
精氨酸Arg/(g·kg^-1)	2.95±0.04 e	3.36±0.06 d	3.46±0.01 c	3.69±0.01 b	3.58±0.03 a
脯氨酸Pro/(g·kg^-1)	3.41±0.04 c	3.68±0.01 a	3.61±0.01 b	3.57±0.01 b	3.69±0.04 a
半胱氨酸Cys/(g·kg^-1)	3.10±0.11 c	3.18±0.16 bc	3.29±0.29 abc	3.50±0.07 a	3.49±0.07 ab
EAA/(g·kg^-1)	19.57±0.29 e	21.93±0.24 d	22.80±0.07 c	23.94±0.40 b	24.71±0.37 a
NEAA/(g·kg^-1)	40.55±0.62 d	44.95±0.67 c	46.26±0.50 b	48.08±0.70 a	48.70±0.70 a
TAA/(g·kg^-1)	60.12±0.91 e	66.88±9.12 d	69.05±0.57 c	72.01±0.86 b	73.41±0.33 a
MAA/(g·kg^-1)	24.90±0.41 d	28.08±0.29 c	29.00±0.10 b	30.37±0.44 a	30.47±0.33 a
UAA/(g·kg^-1)	24.71±0.33 d	27.61±0.44 c	28.44±0.15 b	29.74±0.36 a	30.08±0.43 a
SAA/(g·kg^-1)	21.29±0.30 d	23.48±0.27 c	24.22±0.12 b	24.86±0.38 a	25.23±0.37 a
BAA/(g·kg^-1)	18.52±0.32 e	20.86±0.24 d	21.65±0.05 c	22.85±0.22 b	23.67±0.40 a
DAA/(g·kg^-1)	53.62±0.72 e	59.90±0.72 d	61.65±0.23 c	64.31±0.84 b	65.67±0.17 a
UAA/TAA	0.411±0.001 a	0.413±0.001 a	0.412±0.002 a	0.413±0.001 a	0.409±0.004 a
SAA/TAA	0.354±0.001 a	0.351±0.001 a	0.351±0.001 a	0.345±0.001 b	0.343±0.003 b
BAA/TAA	0.308±0.001 c	0.312±0.002 bc	0.313±0.002 bc	0.317±0.001 ab	0.322±0.007 a
(UAA+SAA)/BAA	2.484±0.009 a	2.449±0.006 ab	2.431±0.006 ab	2.389±0.009 bc	2.337±0.073 c

竹屑替代木屑栽培毛木耳的可行性及其品质综合评价

Feasibility of Auricularia cornea cultivation with bamboo sawdust instead of wood sawdust and comprehensive evaluation of quality

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氨基酸 Amino acids	CK	ZX8	ZX16	ZX24	ZX32	FAO/WHO模式谱 FAO/WHO model	全鸡蛋模式谱 Whole egg model
苏氨酸Thr	6.56	6.56	6.55	6.56	6.60	4.00	5.10
缬氨酸Val	6.22	6.20	6.18	6.28	7.02	5.00	7.30
异亮氨酸Ile	3.97	4.00	4.03	4.09	4.07	4.00	6.60
蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys	5.95	5.81	5.82	5.87	5.70	3.50	5.50
亮氨酸Leu	8.09	7.99	8.02	8.17	8.20	7.00	8.80
苯丙氨酸+酪氨 Phe+Tyr	8.19	8.23	8.67	8.51	8.55	6.00	10.00
赖氨酸Lys	4.37	4.43	4.45	4.44	4.08	5.50	6.40
合计Total	43.35	43.22	43.72	43.92	44.22	35.00	49.70

氨基酸 Amino acids	CK		ZX8		ZX16		ZX24		ZX32
氨基酸 Amino acids	RAA	RC	RAA	RC	RAA	RC	RAA	RC	RAA	RC
苏氨酸Thr	1.64	1.29	1.64	1.30	1.64	1.28	1.64	1.28	1.65	1.28
缬氨酸Val	1.24	0.98	1.24	0.98	1.24	0.97	1.26	0.98	1.40	1.09
异亮氨酸Ile	0.99	0.78	1.00	0.79	1.01	0.79	1.02	0.80	1.02	0.79
蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸Met+Cys	1.70	1.34	1.66	1.31	1.66	1.30	1.68	1.31	1.63	1.26
亮氨酸Leu	1.16	0.91	1.14	0.90	1.15	0.90	1.17	0.91	1.17	0.91
苯丙氨酸+酪氨 Phe+Tyr	1.37	1.07	1.37	1.08	1.45	1.13	1.42	1.10	1.43	1.10
赖氨酸Lys	0.79	0.63	0.81	0.64	0.81	0.63	0.81	0.63	0.74	0.57

指标Index	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4	PC5
特征值Eigenvalue	21.59	2.62	1.91	0.82	0.62
方差贡献率Variance contribution rate/%	74.46	9.03	6.59	2.83	2.14
累积方差贡献率Cumulative variance contribution rate/%	74.46	83.49	90.08	92.91	95.05
苏氨酸Thr	0.215	-0.011	0.021	—	—
缬氨酸Val	0.177	-0.045	0.313	—	—
异亮氨酸Ile	0.213	-0.039	0.002	—	—
蛋氨酸Met	0.165	0.218	-0.250	—	—
亮氨酸Leu	0.213	-0.071	0.035	—	—
苯丙氨酸Phe	0.210	-0.016	0.048	—	—
赖氨酸Lys	0.184	0.028	-0.330	—	—
天门冬氨酸Asp	0.213	-0.049	-0.036	—	—
丝氨酸Ser	0.207	0.079	-0.071	—	—
谷氨酸Glu	0.211	0.066	-0.053	—	—
甘氨酸Gly	0.213	-0.029	-0.009	—	—
丙氨酸Ala	0.210	0.006	0.062	—	—
酪氨酸Tyr	0.209	0.013	-0.038	—	—
组氨酸His	0.214	0.001	-0.012	—	—
精氨酸Arg	0.208	-0.027	-0.165	—	—
脯氨酸Pro	0.166	0.354	0.038	—	—
半胱氨酸Cys	0.164	-0.182	0.061	—	—
总氨基酸TAA	0.215	-0.006	0.002	—	—
灰分Ash	0.196	0.179	0.135	—	—
粗纤维Crude fiber	-0.183	-0.211	-0.136	—	—
蛋白质Protein	0.194	-0.146	-0.102	—	—
粗多糖Crude polysaccharides	-0.095	0.547	0.041	—	—
铅Pb	0.068	0.390	0.472	—	—
镉Cd	0.210	0.025	0.083	—	—
MGR	-0.102	-0.066	0.489	—	—
CR	0.088	-0.424	0.383	—	—
TE	-0.189	-0.016	-0.067	—	—
SA	-0.171	0.142	-0.069	—	—
TDY	-0.143	0.119	0.077	—	—

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