不同钝化产品对水稻生产中镉、铅、砷的钝化效果

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230079

浙江农业学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (1): 1-8.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230079

不同钝化产品对水稻生产中镉、铅、砷的钝化效果

杨西帆¹^,²(), 郭彬², 裘高扬², 刘俊丽², 童文彬³^,^*(), 杨海峻³, 祝伟东³, 毛聪妍³

1.浙江工业大学环境学院,浙江杭州 310032
2.浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所,浙江杭州 310021
3.衢州市衢江区农业农村局,浙江衢州 324022

收稿日期:2023-01-19 出版日期:2024-01-25 发布日期:2024-02-18
作者简介:杨西帆(1998—),男,山东聊城人,硕士,主要从事受污染耕地安全利用研究。E-mail: 2112027172@zjut.edu.cn
通讯作者: * 童文彬,E-mail:zjqztwb@163.com
基金资助:
衢州市衢江区农业局财政专项(2021R20A80D01);省部共建农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室专项

Inhibiting effects of immobilization agents on cadmium, lead and arsenic in rice production

YANG Xifan¹^,²(), GUO Bin², QIU Gaoyang², LIU Junli², TONG Wenbin³^,^*(), YANG Haijun³, ZHU Weidong³, MAO Congyan³

1. College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
2. Institute of Environment, Resource, Soil and Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China
3. Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Qujiang Distrcit, Quzhou City, Quzhou 324022, Zhejiang, China

Received:2023-01-19 Online:2024-01-25 Published:2024-02-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用田间试验,持续2年(2021—2022年)研究了市售6种钝化剂不同施用量(0、2 250、4 500、6 750 kg·hm^-2)对土壤中镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、砷(As)有效态含量,土壤pH值,及稻米Cd、Pb、As含量的影响。结果表明,选择适宜用量的钝化剂可显著(P<0.05)提高土壤pH值,降低土壤有效态Cd、Pb、As含量。其中,施用6 750 kg·hm^-2长效型钝化剂的效果在2021年最优,土壤pH值由5.00提高至6.98,土壤有效态Cd、Pb含量分别显著降低82.2%和98.6%。此外,长效型钝化剂在4 500 kg·hm^-2用量下,第二年的稻米镉含量仍可显著降低90.8%。综上,在对比的6种钝化剂中,长效型钝化剂阻控水稻籽粒Cd富集的效果和持效性最优,推测与其碳酸钙含量较高有关。

关键词: 水稻, 重金属, 钝化剂, 碳酸钙

Abstract:

In the present study, a field experiment was conducted with different application rates (0, 2 250, 4 500, 6 750 kg·hm^-2) of commercial immobilization agents to examine their inhibiting effect on soil available cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) contents, soil pH value and Cd, Pb, As contents in rice grains for 2 years (2021—2022). It was shown that application of appropriate rate of immobilization agents significantly (P<0.05) increased soil pH value and decreased soil available Cd, Pb, As contents in soil. Among the 6 immobilization agents, the best effect in 2021 was noted in the treatment of application of 6 750 kg·hm^-2 long-acting passivator, as the soil pH value was significanlty increased from 5.00 to 6.98, the soil available Cd, Pb contents were significantly decreased by 82.2%, 98.6%, respectively. Besides, in 2022, application of 4 550 kg·hm^-2 long-acting passivator also significantly decreased Cd content in rice grains by 90.8%. In general, the long-acting passivator had the best effect and persistence among all the used immobilization agent, which might be related to its high content of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃).

Key words: rice, heavy metal, immobilization agents, calcium carbonate

中图分类号:

杨西帆, 郭彬, 裘高扬, 刘俊丽, 童文彬, 杨海峻, 祝伟东, 毛聪妍. 不同钝化产品对水稻生产中镉、铅、砷的钝化效果[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(1): 1-8.

YANG Xifan, GUO Bin, QIU Gaoyang, LIU Junli, TONG Wenbin, YANG Haijun, ZHU Weidong, MAO Congyan. Inhibiting effects of immobilization agents on cadmium, lead and arsenic in rice production[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(1): 1-8.

图/表 7

参考文献 17

[1]	李剑睿, 徐应明, 林大松, 等. 农田重金属污染原位钝化修复研究进展[J]. 生态环境学报, 2014, 23(4): 721-728.
	LI J R, XU Y M, LIN D S, et al. In situ immobilization remediation of heavy metals in contaminated soils: a review[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2014, 23(4): 721-728. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[2]	汪涛, 高国龙, 王庆, 等. 无机有机复合材料对重金属污染土壤的修复效应[J]. 环境科技, 2018, 31(5): 29-34.
	WANG T, GAO G L, WANG Q, et al. Inorganic-organic amendments for immobilization of heavy metal contaminants in soil[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2018, 31(5): 29-34. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]	王雷, 刘常升, 安成强. 镀锌层无机物与有机物复合无铬钝化研究进展[J]. 电镀与精饰, 2011, 33(3): 22-26.
	WANG L, LIU C S, AN C Q. Progress of chromium-free passivation for zinc plating[J]. Plating & Finishing, 2011, 33(3): 22-26. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]	王荐, 吴运金, 王梦杰, 等. 凹凸棒石-稻秸复合材料的制备及其对污染土壤中镉钝化效果的研究[J]. 土壤, 2022, 54(4): 802-809.
	WANG J, WU Y J, WANG M J, et al. Preparation of attapulgite-rice straw composite and its effect on passivation of Cd in contaminated soil[J]. Soils, 2022, 54(4): 802-809. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[5]	郭彬, 刘琛, 傅庆林, 等. 有机-无机型钝化剂对水稻土镉钝化效果研究[J]. 核农学报, 2017, 31(6): 1173-1178.
	GUO B, LIU C, FU Q L, et al. Study on the effect of organic-inorganic passivant on cadmium passivation in paddy soils[J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, 2017, 31(6): 1173-1178. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6]	王凯荣, 张玉烛, 胡荣桂. 不同土壤改良剂对降低重金属污染土壤上水稻糙米铅镉含量的作用[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2007, 26(2): 476-481.
	WANG K R, ZHANG Y Z, HU R G. Effects of different types of soil amelioration materials on reducing concentrations of Pb and Cd in brown rice in heavy metal polluted paddy soils[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2007, 26(2): 476-481. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]	徐隆华, 王佳盟, 韩研科, 等. 轻中度污染耕地安全利用与治理修复技术措施探讨[J]. 农业开发与装备, 2022(3): 121-123.
	XU L H, WANG J M, HAN Y K, et al. Discussion on technical measures for safe utilization, treatment and restoration of lightly and moderately polluted cultivated land[J]. Agricultural Development & Equipments, 2022(3): 121-123. (in Chinese)
[8]	张振兴, 纪雄辉, 谢运河, 等. 水稻不同生育期施用生石灰对稻米镉含量的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2016, 35(10): 1867-1872.
	ZHANG Z X, JI X H, XIE Y H, et al. Effects of quicklime application at different rice growing stage on the cadmium contents in rice grain[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2016, 35(10): 1867-1872. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	朱国武, 胡平, 符明金, 等. 氢氧化钙对土壤中有效镉的时效性[J]. 四川有色金属, 2020(3): 46-47.
	ZHU G W, HU P, FU M J, et al. Time effect of calcium hydroxide on available cadmium in soil[J]. Sichuan Nonferrous Metals, 2020(3): 46-47. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]	焦常锋, 常会庆, 王启震, 等. 碳酸钙和壳聚糖联用对高pH值石灰性土壤砷污染的钝化[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(11): 234-240.
	JIAO C F, CHANG H Q, WANG Q Z, et al. Passivation effects of calcium carbonate and chitosan on arsenic pollution in high pH calcareous soil[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2020, 36(11): 234-240. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]	王孝堂. 土壤酸度对重金属形态分配的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 1991, 28(1): 103-107.
	WANG X T. Effect of soil acidity on distribution and chemical forms of heavy metals in soil[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 1991, 28(1): 103-107. (in Chinese)
[12]	蔡美芳, 李开明, 谢丹平, 等. 我国耕地土壤重金属污染现状与防治对策研究[J]. 环境科学与技术, 2014, 37(S2): 223-230.
	CAI M F, LI K M, XIE D P, et al. The status and protection strategy of farmland soils polluted by heavy metals[J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2014, 37(S2): 223-230. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	邵学新, 吴明, 蒋科毅. 土壤重金属污染来源及其解析研究进展[J]. 广东微量元素科学, 2007, 14(4): 1-6.
	SHAO X X, WU M, JIANG K Y. Research progress in sources identification of soil heavy metal pollution[J]. Guangdong Trace Elements Science, 2007, 14(4): 1-6. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]	贾然然. 土壤调理剂通用标准有望今年出台[J]. 中国农资, 2016(17): 6.
	JIA R R. The general standard of soil conditioner is expected to be introduced this year[J]. China Agri-Production News, 2016(17): 6. (in Chinese)
[15]	张传琦. 土壤中重金属砷、镉、铅、铬、汞有效态浸提剂的研究[D]. 合肥: 安徽农业大学, 2011.
	ZHANG C Q. Heavy metals in soil arsenic, cadmium, lead, chromium, mercury extraction agents available[D]. Hefei: Anhui Agricultural University, 2011. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]	韩春梅, 王林山, 巩宗强, 等. 土壤中重金属形态分析及其环境学意义[J]. 生态学杂志, 2005, 24(12): 1499-1502.
	HAN C M, WANG L S, GONG Z Q, et al. Chemical forms of soil heavy metals and their environmental significance[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2005, 24(12): 1499-1502. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]	张小敏, 张秀英, 钟太洋, 等. 中国农田土壤重金属富集状况及其空间分布研究[J]. 环境科学, 2014, 35(2): 692-703.
	ZHANG X M, ZHANG X Y, ZHONG T Y, et al. Spatial distribution and accumulation of heavy metal in arable land soil of China[J]. Environmental Science, 2014, 35(2): 692-703. (in Chinese with English abstract)

年份 Year	钝化剂 Immobilization agent	不同钝化剂施用量水平下的土壤有效态As含量 Soil available As content under diiferent application rates of immobilization agents
年份 Year	钝化剂 Immobilization agent	L0	L1	L2	L3
2021	A	0.081±0.008 a	0.074±0.012 ab	0.065±0.009 b	0.060±0.009 b
	B	0.053±0.010 a	0.032±0.004 b	0.013±0.004 c	0.024±0.006 b
	C	0.039±0.006 a	0.037±0.001 a	0.022±0.002 b	0.010±0.003 c
	D	0.066±0.002 a	0.009±0.005 d	0.034±0.002 b	0.024±0.003 c
	E	0.082±0.003 a	0.041±0.002 c	0.024±0.004 d	0.075±0.003 b
	F	0.112±0.003 a	0.080±0.007 b	0.078±0.004 bc	0.067±0.009 c
2022	A	0.067±0.028 a	0.083±0.035 a	0.068±0.025 a	0.102±0.081 a
	B	0.038±0.083 a	0.001±0.024 b	0.089±0.034 a	0.118±0.050 a
	C	0.150±0.031 a	0.122±0.066 a	0.039±0.036 b	0.093±0.057 a
	D	0.135±0.001 a	0.055±0.025 ab	0.005±0.045 b	0.027±0.048 ab
	E	0.229±0.007 a	0.052±0.042 b	0.063±0.045 b	0.084±0.034 b
	F	0.076±0.087 a	0.030±0.061 a	0.087±0.045 a	0.053±0.033 a

年份 Year	钝化剂 Immobilization agent	不同钝化剂施用量水平下的土壤有效态As含量 Soil available As content under diiferent application rates of immobilization agents
年份 Year	钝化剂 Immobilization agent	L0	L1	L2	L3
2021	A	0.081±0.008 a	0.074±0.012 ab	0.065±0.009 b	0.060±0.009 b
	B	0.053±0.010 a	0.032±0.004 b	0.013±0.004 c	0.024±0.006 b
	C	0.039±0.006 a	0.037±0.001 a	0.022±0.002 b	0.010±0.003 c
	D	0.066±0.002 a	0.009±0.005 d	0.034±0.002 b	0.024±0.003 c
	E	0.082±0.003 a	0.041±0.002 c	0.024±0.004 d	0.075±0.003 b
	F	0.112±0.003 a	0.080±0.007 b	0.078±0.004 bc	0.067±0.009 c
2022	A	0.067±0.028 a	0.083±0.035 a	0.068±0.025 a	0.102±0.081 a
	B	0.038±0.083 a	0.001±0.024 b	0.089±0.034 a	0.118±0.050 a
	C	0.150±0.031 a	0.122±0.066 a	0.039±0.036 b	0.093±0.057 a
	D	0.135±0.001 a	0.055±0.025 ab	0.005±0.045 b	0.027±0.048 ab
	E	0.229±0.007 a	0.052±0.042 b	0.063±0.045 b	0.084±0.034 b
	F	0.076±0.087 a	0.030±0.061 a	0.087±0.045 a	0.053±0.033 a

年份 Year	钝化剂 Immobilization agent	不同钝化剂施用量水平下的稻米As含量 As content in rice grains under diiferent application rates of immobilization agents
年份 Year	钝化剂 Immobilization agent	L0	L1	L2	L3
2021	A	0.046±0.072 a	0.097±0.065 a	0.001±0.070 a	0.048±0.042 a
	B	0.120±0.041 a	0.087±0.049 a	0.029±0.012 b	0.065±0.063 ab
	C	0.167±0.072 a	0.109±0.053 a	0.125±0.062 a	0.179±0.036 a
	D	0.085±0.052 b	0.081±0.077 b	0.066±0.077 b	0.199±0.078 a
	E	0.110±0.02 a	0.105±0.076 a	0.110±0.040 a	0.011±0.038 b
	F	0.050±0.076 c	0.065±0.045 bc	0.142±0.043 ab	0.197±0.045 a
2022	A	0.531±0.043 a	ND	0.207±0.091 a	ND
	B	0.546±0.147 a	0.465±0.001 a	ND	0.129±0.129 b
	C	0.103±0.103 b	0.436±0.075 a	0.179±0.130 b	0.385±0.122 a
	D	0.248±0.120 a	0.457±0.151 a	0.403±0.143 a	0.258±0.356 a
	E	0.592±0.238 a	0.296±0.014 a	0.508±0.259 a	0.407±0.289 a
	F	0.189±0.001 a	0.524±0.249 b	ND	0.236±0.001 a

年份 Year	钝化剂 Immobilization agent	不同钝化剂施用量水平下的稻米As含量 As content in rice grains under diiferent application rates of immobilization agents
年份 Year	钝化剂 Immobilization agent	L0	L1	L2	L3
2021	A	0.046±0.072 a	0.097±0.065 a	0.001±0.070 a	0.048±0.042 a
	B	0.120±0.041 a	0.087±0.049 a	0.029±0.012 b	0.065±0.063 ab
	C	0.167±0.072 a	0.109±0.053 a	0.125±0.062 a	0.179±0.036 a
	D	0.085±0.052 b	0.081±0.077 b	0.066±0.077 b	0.199±0.078 a
	E	0.110±0.02 a	0.105±0.076 a	0.110±0.040 a	0.011±0.038 b
	F	0.050±0.076 c	0.065±0.045 bc	0.142±0.043 ab	0.197±0.045 a
2022	A	0.531±0.043 a	ND	0.207±0.091 a	ND
	B	0.546±0.147 a	0.465±0.001 a	ND	0.129±0.129 b
	C	0.103±0.103 b	0.436±0.075 a	0.179±0.130 b	0.385±0.122 a
	D	0.248±0.120 a	0.457±0.151 a	0.403±0.143 a	0.258±0.356 a
	E	0.592±0.238 a	0.296±0.014 a	0.508±0.259 a	0.407±0.289 a
	F	0.189±0.001 a	0.524±0.249 b	ND	0.236±0.001 a

年份 Year	钝化剂 Immobilization agent	不同钝化剂施用量水平下的土壤有效态Pb含量 Soil available Pb contents under diiferent application rates of immobilization agents
年份 Year	钝化剂 Immobilization agent	L0	L1	L2	L3
2021	A	0.520±0.073 a	0.430±0.054 a	0.407±0.076 a	0.301±0.060 a
	B	0.381±0.151 a	0.197±0.125 b	0.077±0.062 c	0.232±0.024 ab
	C	0.338±0.072 a	0.118±0.092 b	0.107±0.046 b	0.090±0.080 b
	D	0.312±0.093 a	0.133±0.020 b	0.156±0.055 b	0.108±0.040 b
	E	0.234±0.047 a	0.086±0.056 bc	0.034±0.041 c	0.110±0.053 b
	F	0.368±0.050 a	0.044±0.024 b	0.042±0.048 b	0.005±0.002 c
2022	A	0.323±0.003 a	0.288±0.015 a	0.302±0.009 a	0.318±0.035 a
	B	0.115±0.031 b	0.211±0.042 a	0.093±0.065 b	0.062±0.051 b
	C	0.106±0.040 a	0.120±0.006 a	0.089±0.068 a	0.112±0.014 a
	D	0.071±0.001 a	0.064±0.032 a	0.047±0.020 a	0.051±0.033 a
	E	0.092±0.065 a	0.072±0.050 a	0.090±0.101 a	0.093±0.061 a
	F	0.023±0.030 a	0.025±0.049 a	0.003±0.101 a	0.023±0.023 a

不同钝化产品对水稻生产中镉、铅、砷的钝化效果

Inhibiting effects of immobilization agents on cadmium, lead and arsenic in rice production

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 7

参考文献 17

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	裴惠民, 巫明明, 翟荣荣, 叶靖, 金月, 朱仪, 侯建军, 朱国富, 叶胜海. 低镉水稻基因功能与新品种培育研究进展[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(9): 2012-2020.
[2]	陈星星, 虞雯煊, 徐健炜, 张鹏. 裙带菜不同部位重金属含量特征分析及健康风险评估[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(8): 1794-1804.
[3]	谭诗逸, 俞国红, 薛向磊, 赵颖雷, 许宝玉, 张成浩. 工厂化水稻育秧盘搬运装置设计与试验[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(7): 1545-1555.
[4]	张智, 何豪豪, 郁妙, 许剑锋. 化肥减量配施土壤改良剂对土壤酸度、土壤养分和水稻产量的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(6): 1301-1308.
[5]	林小兵, 黎江, 成艳红, 王斌强, 何绍浪, 黄尚书, 黄欠如. 不同有机物料对土壤微生物生物量、矿质氮含量与水稻产量的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(6): 1309-1318.
[6]	苏扬, 商小兰, 钱忠明, 吴林根, 黄佳琦, 庄海峰, 赵宇飞, 党洪阳, 徐立军. 腐熟剂与生物炭协同强化秸秆还田对土壤质量和水稻生长的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(5): 1139-1148.
[7]	应永飞, 韩东轩, 孟芳, 俞遴, 沈佳栾, 汪开英. 沼液替代化肥对水稻产量、品质和土壤特性的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(4): 880-891.
[8]	宋欣录, 范书红, 武桄旗, 展梦琪, 侯倩, 李明月, 徐艳. 铜-菲复合污染对分蘖期水稻根系生理特性和污染物积累的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(3): 521-529.
[9]	雷志伟, 李新欣, 徐恒, 张恒, 朱英, 张华. 利用染色体片段替换系鉴定水稻二化螟抗性QTL[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(3): 530-537.
[10]	谢昶琰, 金雨濛, 张苗, 董青君, 李青, 纪力, 钟平, 陈川, 章安康. 利用河道淤泥开发机插水稻秧苗营养土及其应用效果[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(3): 538-547.
[11]	兰雪成, 赵凤亮, 张光旭, 李杨, 郭晓红. 纳米氧化锌和纳米氧化硅对水稻种子萌发的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(2): 269-277.
[12]	李建强, 魏倩倩, 刘晓霞, 张均华, 朱春权. 优化施肥措施对水稻产量和土壤养分平衡的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(2): 438-446.
[13]	韩笑, 刘旭杰, 石吕, 张晋, 单海勇, 石晓旭, 严旖旎, 刘建, 薛亚光. 麦秸行间集覆还田下控释氮肥减施对水稻产量、品质与氮肥利用率的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(1): 1-13.
[14]	王芸, 俞朝, 沈泓, 曹米娜, 周其耀, 胡智鹏, 金崇伟, 冯英. 硅锌叶面肥对芹菜镉积累和营养品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(1): 61-66.
[15]	吴浩峰, 林朝阳, 沈志成. 耐草甘膦和啶嘧磺隆的转基因水稻研究[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2024, 36(9): 1957-1968.

年份 Year	钝化剂 Immobilization agent	不同钝化剂施用量水平下的稻米Pb含量 Pb contents in rice grains under diiferent application rates of immobilization agents
年份 Year	钝化剂 Immobilization agent	L0	L1	L2	L3
2021	A	0.012±0.022 a	0.038±0.069 a	0.169±0.207 a	0.124±0.170 a
	B	0.152±0.220 a	0.110±0.150 a	0.184±0.062 a	0.013±0.008 b
	C	0.111±0.104 a	0.204±0.146 a	0.380±0.183 a	0.004±0.007 b
	D	0.001±0.004 a	0.081±0.073 a	0.321±0.402 a	0.015±0.020 b
	E	0.084±0.033 a	0.072±0.045 a	0.030±0.040 b	0.001±0.009 c
	F	0.128±0.126 a	0.016±0.014 b	0.070±0.068 b	0.174±0.157 a
2022	A	0.268±0.268 b	ND	ND	0.804±0.001 a
	B	ND	1.489±0.001 a	1.341±0.246 a	0.825±0.042 b
	C	0.727±0.118 a	0.027±0.027 c	ND	0.384±0.384 b
	D	0.091±0.091 b	0.223±0.109 a	0.011±0.016 c	0.487±0.256 a
	E	0.619±0.406 a	ND	0.439±0.285 a	0.257±0.163 a
	F	ND	0.556±0.281 a	0.001±0.024 b	0.048±0.001 b

年份 Year	钝化剂 Immobilization agent	不同钝化剂施用量水平下的稻米Pb含量 Pb contents in rice grains under diiferent application rates of immobilization agents
年份 Year	钝化剂 Immobilization agent	L0	L1	L2	L3
2021	A	0.012±0.022 a	0.038±0.069 a	0.169±0.207 a	0.124±0.170 a
	B	0.152±0.220 a	0.110±0.150 a	0.184±0.062 a	0.013±0.008 b
	C	0.111±0.104 a	0.204±0.146 a	0.380±0.183 a	0.004±0.007 b
	D	0.001±0.004 a	0.081±0.073 a	0.321±0.402 a	0.015±0.020 b
	E	0.084±0.033 a	0.072±0.045 a	0.030±0.040 b	0.001±0.009 c
	F	0.128±0.126 a	0.016±0.014 b	0.070±0.068 b	0.174±0.157 a
2022	A	0.268±0.268 b	ND	ND	0.804±0.001 a
	B	ND	1.489±0.001 a	1.341±0.246 a	0.825±0.042 b
	C	0.727±0.118 a	0.027±0.027 c	ND	0.384±0.384 b
	D	0.091±0.091 b	0.223±0.109 a	0.011±0.016 c	0.487±0.256 a
	E	0.619±0.406 a	ND	0.439±0.285 a	0.257±0.163 a
	F	ND	0.556±0.281 a	0.001±0.024 b	0.048±0.001 b

年份 Year	钝化剂 Immobilization agent	不同钝化剂施用量水平下的土壤pH值 Soil pH value under diiferent application rates of immobilization agents
年份 Year	钝化剂 Immobilization agent	L0	L1	L2	L3
2021	A	4.94±0.07 a	5.03±0.22 a	5.67±0.94 a	5.15±0.06 a
	B	5.05±0.36 a	5.36±0.26 a	5.86±0.39 a	5.29±0.22 a
	C	5.06±0.06 b	5.36±0.35 a	5.41±0.11 a	5.65±0.25 a
	D	5.01±0.04 b	5.98±0.67 a	5.39±0.14 ab	5.64±0.14 a
	E	4.97±0.15 b	5.42±0.52 ab	6.08±0.63 a	5.56±0.17 ab
	F	5.00±0.07 c	5.89±0.53 bc	6.56±1.01 ab	6.98±0.58 a
2022	A	5.66±0.64 a	5.55±0.05 a	5.44±0.12 a	5.33±0.22 a
	B	5.69±0.21 a	5.84±0.26 a	5.47±0.17 a	5.67±0.11 a
	C	5.68±0.12 a	6.12±0.36 a	5.55±0.06 b	5.82±0.34 a
	D	5.60±0.13 a	5.76±0.04 a	5.63±0.25 a	5.70±0.09 a
	E	5.70±0.18 a	5.55±0.26 ab	5.39±0.09 b	5.89±0.22 a
	F	5.77±0.14 b	5.60±0.22 b	6.30±0.39 a	6.31±0.53 a

年份 Year	钝化剂 Immobilization agent	不同钝化剂施用量水平下的土壤pH值 Soil pH value under diiferent application rates of immobilization agents
年份 Year	钝化剂 Immobilization agent	L0	L1	L2	L3
2021	A	4.94±0.07 a	5.03±0.22 a	5.67±0.94 a	5.15±0.06 a
	B	5.05±0.36 a	5.36±0.26 a	5.86±0.39 a	5.29±0.22 a
	C	5.06±0.06 b	5.36±0.35 a	5.41±0.11 a	5.65±0.25 a
	D	5.01±0.04 b	5.98±0.67 a	5.39±0.14 ab	5.64±0.14 a
	E	4.97±0.15 b	5.42±0.52 ab	6.08±0.63 a	5.56±0.17 ab
	F	5.00±0.07 c	5.89±0.53 bc	6.56±1.01 ab	6.98±0.58 a
2022	A	5.66±0.64 a	5.55±0.05 a	5.44±0.12 a	5.33±0.22 a
	B	5.69±0.21 a	5.84±0.26 a	5.47±0.17 a	5.67±0.11 a
	C	5.68±0.12 a	6.12±0.36 a	5.55±0.06 b	5.82±0.34 a
	D	5.60±0.13 a	5.76±0.04 a	5.63±0.25 a	5.70±0.09 a
	E	5.70±0.18 a	5.55±0.26 ab	5.39±0.09 b	5.89±0.22 a
	F	5.77±0.14 b	5.60±0.22 b	6.30±0.39 a	6.31±0.53 a