重庆30份茶树种质资源农艺性状与生化成分多样性

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.07.10

浙江农业学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 1244-1255.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2021.07.10

重庆30份茶树种质资源农艺性状与生化成分多样性

翟秀明¹^,²(), 李解¹^,², 唐敏¹^,², 胡方洁¹^,², 张军¹^,², 侯渝嘉¹^,²^,^*(), 徐泽¹^,²

1.重庆市农业科学院茶叶研究所,重庆 402160
2.重庆市茶叶工程技术研究中心,重庆 402160

收稿日期:2021-02-02 出版日期:2021-07-25 发布日期:2021-08-06
通讯作者: 侯渝嘉
作者简介:*侯渝嘉,E-mail: 564661213@qq.com
翟秀明(1987—),山东泰安人,助理研究员,研究方向为茶树遗传育种。E-mail: zhaitheresa@163.com
基金资助:
“第三次全国农作物种质资源普查与收集行动”专项;2019年永川区自然科学基金(Ycstc);2019年永川区自然科学基金(2019nb0104);重庆市农委现代山地特色高效农业茶叶产业技术体系创新团队建设项目[2021(6)号];重庆市鲁渝科技协作计划(cstc2019jscx-lyjsAX0001)

Diversity analysis of 30 tea (Camelia sinensis) germplasm resources in Chongqing based on agronomic traits and biochemical components

ZHAI Xiuming¹^,²(), LI Jie¹^,², TANG Min¹^,², HU Fangjie¹^,², ZHANG Jun¹^,², HOU Yujia¹^,²^,^*(), XU Ze¹^,²

1. Tea Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
2. Chongqing Engineering Technology Research Center of Tea Industry, Chongqing 402160, China

Received:2021-02-02 Online:2021-07-25 Published:2021-08-06
Contact: HOU Yujia

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了更好地开发利用重庆茶树种质资源,了解重庆茶树资源的遗传多样性,本研究对已保存的30份茶树种质资源的30个农艺性状和5个主要生化成分指标进行鉴定评价。结果表明:重庆茶树资源在农艺性状与主要生化成分上存在不同程度的变异,农艺性状变异系数介于11.01%~53.54%,平均变异系数29.13%;多样性指数介于0.32~2.04,平均多样性指数1.16;主要生化成分变异系数介于11.87%~28.56%,平均变异系数19.4%;多样性指数介于1.91~2.07,平均多样性指数2.00;前9个主成分累计贡献率达74.85%,包含了35个性状指标的大部分信息,可以用来进行综合评价重庆茶树种质资源;通过聚类分析将30份重庆茶树资源分为3个类群,第Ⅰ、第Ⅱ类群属于红绿兼制类型,第Ⅲ类群是开发红茶的优质原料;筛选出芽色变异材料1份,芽叶绒毛特多类型材料3份,特早生茶树材料10份,高茶多酚特异资源21份,高咖啡碱特异资源4份。

关键词: 重庆, 茶树资源, 农艺性状, 生化成分, 多样性

Abstract:

In order to better develop and utilize tea germplasm resources in Chongqing and understand their genetic diversity, 30 agronomic traits and five main biochemical component indices of 30 preserved resources were identified and evaluated in this study. The results showed that there were varying degrees of variation in agronomic traits and main biochemical components of Chongqing tea resources. Coefficient variation of agronomic traits were 11.01%-53.54%, the average coefficient variation was 29.13%. The diversity index was 0.32-2.04, the average diversity index was 1.16; Coefficient variation of the main biochemical components was 11.87%-28.56%, the average coefficient variation was 19.4%; The diversity index was between 1.91-2.07, and the average diversity index was 2.00. The cumulative contribution rate of the first nine principal components was up to 74.85%, which contained most of the information of 35 trait indicators, could be used to comprehensively evaluate Chongqing tea germplasm resources. Through cluster analysis, 30 Chongqing tea resources were divided into three groups, the Ⅰ and Ⅱ groups might be applied to process green tea and black tea, the Ⅲ group was the high-quality raw materials for black tea. This study screened 1 germplasm with bud color variation, 3 germplasms with thick fluff in bud and leaves, 10 germplasms with early budding, 21 germplasms with high tea polyphenol, 4 germplasms with high caffeine.

Key words: Chongqing, tea germplasm resources, agronomic trait, biochemical composition, diversity

中图分类号:

S571.1

翟秀明, 李解, 唐敏, 胡方洁, 张军, 侯渝嘉, 徐泽. 重庆30份茶树种质资源农艺性状与生化成分多样性[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2021, 33(7): 1244-1255.

ZHAI Xiuming, LI Jie, TANG Min, HU Fangjie, ZHANG Jun, HOU Yujia, XU Ze. Diversity analysis of 30 tea (Camelia sinensis) germplasm resources in Chongqing based on agronomic traits and biochemical components[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2021, 33(7): 1244-1255.

图/表 7

表1 30份重庆茶树资源基本情况

Table 1 Basic information of 30 tea plant germplasms in Chongqing

序号No.	名称Name	来源Origin	序号No.	名称Name	来源Origin
1	酉阳1号 Youyang1	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	16	永川1 Yongchuan1	永川茶山竹海 Chashan Zhuhai, Yongchuan District
2	酉阳3号 Youyang3	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	17	永川2 Yongchuan2	永川茶山竹海 Chashan Zhuhai, Yongchuan District
3	酉阳9号 Youyang9	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	18	永川3 Yongchuan3	永川茶山竹海 Chashan Zhuhai, Yongchuan District
4	酉阳11号 Youyang11	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	19	永川4 Yongchuan4	永川茶山竹海 Chashan Zhuhai, Yongchuan District
5	酉阳4-1 Youyang4-1	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	20	永川5 Yongchuan5	永川茶山竹海 Chashan Zhuhai, Yongchuan District
6	酉阳4-2 Youyang4-2	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	21	虎老溪2号 Hulaoxi2	武隆石桥乡 Shiqiao Town, Wulong County
7	酉阳4-3 Youyang4-3	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	22	虎老溪3号 Hulaoxi3	武隆石桥乡 Shiqiao Town, Wulong County
8	酉阳5号 Youyang5	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	23	虎老溪4号 Hulaoxi4	武隆石桥乡 Shiqiao Town, Wulong County
9	酉阳6号 Youyang6	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	24	虎老溪5号 Hulaoxi5	武隆石桥乡 Shiqiao Town, Wulong County
10	酉阳7号 Youyang7	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	25	虎老溪1号 Hulaoxi1	武隆石桥乡 Shiqiao Town, Wulong County
11	酉阳10号 Youyang10	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	26	南川3 Nanchuan3	南川区德隆镇茶树村 Chashu Village, Delong Town, Nanchuan District
12	酉阳8号 Youyang8	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	27	南川2 Nanchuan2	南川区德隆镇茶树村 Chashu Village, Delong Town, Nanchuan District
13	酉阳12号 Youyang12	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	28	南川1 Nanchuan1	南川区德隆镇茶树村 Chashu Village, Delong Town, Nanchuan District
14	酉阳13号 Youyang13	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	29	木皮槽2号 Mupicao2	江津区蔡家镇清溪村 Qingxi Village, Caijia Town, Jiangjin District
15	酉阳14号 Youyang14	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	30	木皮槽1号 Mupicao1	江津区蔡家镇清溪村 Qingxi Village, Caijia Town, Jiangjin District

表1 30份重庆茶树资源基本情况

Table 1 Basic information of 30 tea plant germplasms in Chongqing

序号No.	名称Name	来源Origin	序号No.	名称Name	来源Origin
1	酉阳1号 Youyang1	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	16	永川1 Yongchuan1	永川茶山竹海 Chashan Zhuhai, Yongchuan District
2	酉阳3号 Youyang3	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	17	永川2 Yongchuan2	永川茶山竹海 Chashan Zhuhai, Yongchuan District
3	酉阳9号 Youyang9	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	18	永川3 Yongchuan3	永川茶山竹海 Chashan Zhuhai, Yongchuan District
4	酉阳11号 Youyang11	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	19	永川4 Yongchuan4	永川茶山竹海 Chashan Zhuhai, Yongchuan District
5	酉阳4-1 Youyang4-1	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	20	永川5 Yongchuan5	永川茶山竹海 Chashan Zhuhai, Yongchuan District
6	酉阳4-2 Youyang4-2	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	21	虎老溪2号 Hulaoxi2	武隆石桥乡 Shiqiao Town, Wulong County
7	酉阳4-3 Youyang4-3	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	22	虎老溪3号 Hulaoxi3	武隆石桥乡 Shiqiao Town, Wulong County
8	酉阳5号 Youyang5	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	23	虎老溪4号 Hulaoxi4	武隆石桥乡 Shiqiao Town, Wulong County
9	酉阳6号 Youyang6	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	24	虎老溪5号 Hulaoxi5	武隆石桥乡 Shiqiao Town, Wulong County
10	酉阳7号 Youyang7	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	25	虎老溪1号 Hulaoxi1	武隆石桥乡 Shiqiao Town, Wulong County
11	酉阳10号 Youyang10	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	26	南川3 Nanchuan3	南川区德隆镇茶树村 Chashu Village, Delong Town, Nanchuan District
12	酉阳8号 Youyang8	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	27	南川2 Nanchuan2	南川区德隆镇茶树村 Chashu Village, Delong Town, Nanchuan District
13	酉阳12号 Youyang12	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	28	南川1 Nanchuan1	南川区德隆镇茶树村 Chashu Village, Delong Town, Nanchuan District
14	酉阳13号 Youyang13	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	29	木皮槽2号 Mupicao2	江津区蔡家镇清溪村 Qingxi Village, Caijia Town, Jiangjin District
15	酉阳14号 Youyang14	酉阳宜居乡 Yiju Town, Youyang County	30	木皮槽1号 Mupicao1	江津区蔡家镇清溪村 Qingxi Village, Caijia Town, Jiangjin District

表2 描述型性状指标与赋值标准

Table 2 Descriptive traits and assignment criterion

观测部位 Observation site	序号 No.	性状指标 Indicators	赋值标准 Assignment criterion
植株Plant	1	树型Tree type	灌木Shrub,1;小乔木Small arbor,2;乔木Arbor,3
新梢 New shoot	2	芽叶色泽Bud color	玉白色White,1;黄绿色Yellow green,2;淡绿色Light green,3;绿色Gree n,4;紫绿色Purplish green,5
	3	芽叶绒毛Shoots pubescence	无Absent,0;少Rare,1;中Medium,2;多Dense,3;特多A lot,4;
	4	一芽一叶期 One bud and one leaf stage	特早Extra-early,1;早Early,2;中Medium,3;晚Late,4
	5	一芽二叶期 One bud and two leaf stage	特早Extra-early,1;早Early,2;中Medium,3;晚Late,4
叶片	6	叶片大小 Leaf size	小叶Small leaf,1;中叶Middle leaf,2;大叶Big leaf,3;特大叶Especially big,4
Mature leaf	7	叶形 Leaf shape	近圆形Near circular,1;卵形Oval,2;椭圆形Ellipse,3;长椭圆形Long oval,4
	8	叶色 Leaf color	黄绿色Yellow green,1;浅绿色Light green,2;绿色Green,3;深绿色Deep green,4
	9	叶尖 Leaf apex	急尖Sharp,1;渐尖Acuminate,2;钝尖Blunt,3;圆尖Round,4
	10	叶缘 Leaf margin	平Flat,1;微波Microwave,2;波Wave,3
	11	叶面 Leaf surface	平Flat,1;微隆起Micro uplift,2;隆起Uplift,3
	12	叶身 Transection shape	内折Inner fold,1;平Flat,2;稍背卷Ratherish back roll,3
花Flower	13	花萼色泽 Calyx anthocyanin colouring	绿色Green,1;紫红色Mauve,2
	14	花瓣颜色 Petal color	白色White,1;淡绿色Light green,2;淡红色Light red,3
	15	花瓣质地 Petal texture	薄Thin,1;中Medium,2;厚Thick,3
	16	子房绒毛 Ovary pubescence	无Absent,1;有Exist,2
	17	花柱裂位 Stylet cracking location	低Low,1;中Medium,2;高High,3
	18	雌雄蕊相对高度 Pistil stamen relative height	雌蕊低Lower,1;雌雄蕊等高Equal,2;雌蕊高Higher,3

表3 重庆茶树种质资源农艺性状与主要生化成分的变异统计和多样性分析

Table 3 Statistical analysis of diversity of agronomic traits and the main biochemical components of tea germplasm resources in Chongqing

性状 Traits	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	平均值 Mean	标准差 s	变异系数 CV/%	多样性指数 H’
树型Tree type	1.00	3.00	2.00	0.45	22.36	0.64
发芽密度Sprouting density/m^-2	181.82	2 200.00	668.73	283.46	42.39	1.96
一芽二叶长Length of two leaf and a bud/cm	2.80	8.30	4.54	0.93	20.55	1.99
一芽二叶百芽重Weight of 100 two leaf and a bud/g	9.50	48.90	19.90	7.22	36.32	1.71
一芽一叶期One bud and one leaf stage	1.00	4.00	2.26	0.96	42.61	1.27
一芽二叶期One bud and two leaf stage	1.00	4.00	2.02	0.97	47.76	1.19
叶长Leaf length/cm	4.00	17.30	8.40	1.99	23.71	2.00
叶宽Leaf width/cm	2.20	7.20	4.06	0.89	21.83	2.04
叶脉对数Lateral veins logarithmic	5.00	9.00	6.76	0.87	12.86	1.28
芽叶色泽Bud color	1.00	5.00	2.58	0.97	37.47	1.06
芽叶绒毛Shoots pubescence	0	4.00	2.63	1.41	53.54	1.44
叶片大小Leaf size	1.00	3.00	1.92	0.62	32.19	0.93
叶形Leaf shape	2.00	4.00	3.36	0.52	15.59	0.76
叶色Leaf color	1.00	4.00	3.06	0.49	15.97	0.68
叶尖Leaf apex	1.00	4.00	1.93	0.68	35.17	1.00
叶缘Leaf margin	1.00	3.00	2.04	0.94	46.06	0.96
叶面Leaf surface	1.00	3.00	1.54	0.70	45.43	0.94
叶身Transection shape	1.00	3.00	1.54	0.58	37.58	0.84
萼片数Calyx number	4.00	7.00	5.06	0.56	11.01	0.81
性状 Traits	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	平均值 Mean	标准差 s	变异系数 CV/%	多样性指数 H’
花冠直径短Short diameter of corolla/cm	1.20	5.50	2.69	0.76	28.30	1.89
花冠直径长Long diameter of corolla/cm	1.80	6.10	3.46	0.86	24.74	1.91
花瓣数Petals number	4.00	10.00	6.28	1.11	17.69	1.25
花柱长度Stylet length	0.40	2.60	1.15	0.31	26.77	1.91
柱头开裂数Stylet dehiscence number	2.00	5.00	3.04	0.37	12.32	0.40
花萼色泽Calyx anthocyanin colouring	1.00	2.00	1.14	0.35	30.72	0.41
花瓣颜色Petal color	1.00	2.00	1.59	0.49	30.97	0.68
花瓣质地Petal texture	1.00	3.00	2.14	0.41	19.11	0.55
子房绒毛Ovary pubescence	1.00	2.00	1.90	0.30	15.79	0.32
花柱裂位Stylet cracking location	1.00	3.00	2.58	0.73	28.32	0.78
雌雄蕊相对高度Pistil stamen relative height	1.00	3.00	2.02	0.79	38.99	1.09
水浸出物Water extracts/%	27.54	48.49	36.48	4.33	11.87	1.91
咖啡碱 Caffeine/%	2.08	5.84	3.95	0.86	21.75	2.05
茶多酚 Tea polyphenols/%	19.24	43.47	28.15	4.99	17.74	1.96
氨基酸 Amino acids/%	1.11	5.86	3.18	0.91	28.56	2.00
可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/%	2.25	5.05	3.45	0.59	17.08	2.07

表3 重庆茶树种质资源农艺性状与主要生化成分的变异统计和多样性分析

Table 3 Statistical analysis of diversity of agronomic traits and the main biochemical components of tea germplasm resources in Chongqing

性状 Traits	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	平均值 Mean	标准差 s	变异系数 CV/%	多样性指数 H’
树型Tree type	1.00	3.00	2.00	0.45	22.36	0.64
发芽密度Sprouting density/m^-2	181.82	2 200.00	668.73	283.46	42.39	1.96
一芽二叶长Length of two leaf and a bud/cm	2.80	8.30	4.54	0.93	20.55	1.99
一芽二叶百芽重Weight of 100 two leaf and a bud/g	9.50	48.90	19.90	7.22	36.32	1.71
一芽一叶期One bud and one leaf stage	1.00	4.00	2.26	0.96	42.61	1.27
一芽二叶期One bud and two leaf stage	1.00	4.00	2.02	0.97	47.76	1.19
叶长Leaf length/cm	4.00	17.30	8.40	1.99	23.71	2.00
叶宽Leaf width/cm	2.20	7.20	4.06	0.89	21.83	2.04
叶脉对数Lateral veins logarithmic	5.00	9.00	6.76	0.87	12.86	1.28
芽叶色泽Bud color	1.00	5.00	2.58	0.97	37.47	1.06
芽叶绒毛Shoots pubescence	0	4.00	2.63	1.41	53.54	1.44
叶片大小Leaf size	1.00	3.00	1.92	0.62	32.19	0.93
叶形Leaf shape	2.00	4.00	3.36	0.52	15.59	0.76
叶色Leaf color	1.00	4.00	3.06	0.49	15.97	0.68
叶尖Leaf apex	1.00	4.00	1.93	0.68	35.17	1.00
叶缘Leaf margin	1.00	3.00	2.04	0.94	46.06	0.96
叶面Leaf surface	1.00	3.00	1.54	0.70	45.43	0.94
叶身Transection shape	1.00	3.00	1.54	0.58	37.58	0.84
萼片数Calyx number	4.00	7.00	5.06	0.56	11.01	0.81
性状 Traits	最小值 Minimum	最大值 Maximum	平均值 Mean	标准差 s	变异系数 CV/%	多样性指数 H’
花冠直径短Short diameter of corolla/cm	1.20	5.50	2.69	0.76	28.30	1.89
花冠直径长Long diameter of corolla/cm	1.80	6.10	3.46	0.86	24.74	1.91
花瓣数Petals number	4.00	10.00	6.28	1.11	17.69	1.25
花柱长度Stylet length	0.40	2.60	1.15	0.31	26.77	1.91
柱头开裂数Stylet dehiscence number	2.00	5.00	3.04	0.37	12.32	0.40
花萼色泽Calyx anthocyanin colouring	1.00	2.00	1.14	0.35	30.72	0.41
花瓣颜色Petal color	1.00	2.00	1.59	0.49	30.97	0.68
花瓣质地Petal texture	1.00	3.00	2.14	0.41	19.11	0.55
子房绒毛Ovary pubescence	1.00	2.00	1.90	0.30	15.79	0.32
花柱裂位Stylet cracking location	1.00	3.00	2.58	0.73	28.32	0.78
雌雄蕊相对高度Pistil stamen relative height	1.00	3.00	2.02	0.79	38.99	1.09
水浸出物Water extracts/%	27.54	48.49	36.48	4.33	11.87	1.91
咖啡碱 Caffeine/%	2.08	5.84	3.95	0.86	21.75	2.05
茶多酚 Tea polyphenols/%	19.24	43.47	28.15	4.99	17.74	1.96
氨基酸 Amino acids/%	1.11	5.86	3.18	0.91	28.56	2.00
可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/%	2.25	5.05	3.45	0.59	17.08	2.07

表4 农艺性状和主要生化成分的主成分分析

Table 4 Principal component analysis of agronomic traits and main biochemical components

性状 Traits	成分Component
性状 Traits	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
发芽密度Sprouting density	-0.572	-0.260	-0.177	-0.373	0.340	-0.032	0.175	0.193	-0.174
一芽二叶长Length of two leaf and a bud	0.719	0.265	-0.006	-0.156	-0.090	0.270	-0.051	0.314	0.137
一芽二叶百芽重	0.526	0.195	-0.109	0.014	-0.029	0.260	-0.365	0.375	0.333
Weight of 100 two leaf and a bud
叶长 Leaf length	0.434	-0.039	0.624	0.153	0.047	0.129	-0.098	-0.002	-0.084
叶宽 Leaf width	0.713	-0.101	0.389	0.215	0.136	-0.157	-0.081	-0.012	0.105
叶脉对数Lateral veins logarithmic	0.373	0.362	0.254	0.111	-0.502	-0.384	0.008	-0.163	-0.105
萼片数Calyx number	0.283	0.253	-0.483	-0.230	0.380	-0.183	-0.269	-0.169	0.003
花冠直径短Short diameter of corolla	0.886	-0.192	-0.028	0.120	0.032	0.079	0.089	0.077	-0.135
花冠直径长Long diameter of corolla	0.885	-0.165	-0.010	0.164	-0.058	0.031	0.094	0.038	-0.105
花瓣数Petals number	0.866	-0.136	-0.166	0.224	0.044	0.111	-0.085	-0.133	-0.027
花柱长度Stylet length	0.827	-0.026	0.052	0.220	0.049	-0.133	0.186	0.075	-0.013
柱头开裂数Stylet dehiscence number	0.735	-0.092	-0.257	0.127	-0.048	0.071	-0.112	-0.450	-0.133
树型Tree type	0.949	-0.124	-0.181	-0.051	-0.025	0.040	-0.015	-0.024	0.002
芽叶绒毛Shoots pubescence	-0.789	0.135	0.047	-0.121	0.160	0.075	-0.186	-0.196	0.042
一芽一叶期One bud and one leaf stage	0.033	0.817	-0.181	0.134	-0.121	0.375	0.094	-0.018	-0.138
一芽二叶期One bud and two leaf stage	-0.013	0.752	-0.195	0.119	-0.214	0.388	0.010	0.088	-0.286
芽叶色泽Bud color	0.451	0.173	0.451	-0.070	0.125	-0.046	0.224	-0.151	0.060
叶片大小Leaf size	0.739	-0.151	0.145	0.097	-0.086	0.183	-0.094	0.158	0.099
叶形Leaf shape	0.170	0.117	0.318	-0.557	-0.337	0.205	-0.007	-0.035	-0.083
叶色Leaf color	0.188	0.446	-0.084	-0.071	0.109	-0.441	0.052	0.353	0.112
花萼色泽Calyx anthocyanin colouring	-0.041	0.441	0.049	0.049	-0.180	-0.111	0.481	-0.075	0.217
花瓣颜色Petal color	-0.509	0.458	-0.142	0.097	-0.209	-0.183	-0.108	0.099	-0.317
花瓣质地Petal texture	0.805	-0.061	-0.086	0.021	0.180	0.049	0.014	0.142	-0.159
子房绒毛Ovary pubescence	-0.851	0.090	0.276	-0.069	0.019	-0.072	0.177	0.236	0.020
花柱裂位Stylet cracking location	0.117	0.498	-0.099	-0.293	0.123	0.048	-0.079	-0.458	0.466
雌雄蕊相对高度	0.100	0.267	-0.018	0.568	0.530	-0.101	0.226	-0.050	0.016
Pistil stamen relative height
叶尖Leaf apex	-0.528	-0.193	-0.185	0.275	-0.031	0.099	0.360	0.129	0.135
叶缘Leaf margin	-0.354	-0.204	0.293	0.083	-0.210	-0.187	-0.510	0.044	0.075
叶面Leaf surface	-0.156	0.499	0.367	0.163	0.502	0.169	-0.163	-0.050	-0.027
叶身Transection shape	-0.192	0.558	0.371	0.101	0.192	-0.014	-0.098	0.060	-0.008
咖啡碱Caffeine	0.580	0.193	-0.131	-0.052	-0.304	-0.283	0.212	-0.092	0.288
氨基酸Amino acids	-0.577	-0.266	-0.083	0.361	-0.117	0.316	0.043	0.070	0.326
茶多酚Tea polyphenols	0.669	0.134	-0.012	-0.460	0.170	0.039	0.108	0.289	0.149
水浸出物Water extracts	0.695	0.071	0.078	-0.410	0.173	-0.221	0.070	0.045	-0.220
可溶性糖Soluble sugar	0.013	-0.250	0.285	-0.337	0.090	0.453	0.336	-0.253	-0.050
特征值Eigenvalues	11.638	3.574	2.038	2.004	1.699	1.552	1.366	1.278	1.049
贡献率Contribution rate/%	33.252	10.211	5.823	5.726	4.853	4.433	3.902	3.653	2.997
累计贡献率	33.252	43.463	49.286	55.012	59.865	64.299	68.200	71.853	74.850
Accumulative contribution rate/%

表4 农艺性状和主要生化成分的主成分分析

Table 4 Principal component analysis of agronomic traits and main biochemical components

性状 Traits	成分Component
性状 Traits	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
发芽密度Sprouting density	-0.572	-0.260	-0.177	-0.373	0.340	-0.032	0.175	0.193	-0.174
一芽二叶长Length of two leaf and a bud	0.719	0.265	-0.006	-0.156	-0.090	0.270	-0.051	0.314	0.137
一芽二叶百芽重	0.526	0.195	-0.109	0.014	-0.029	0.260	-0.365	0.375	0.333
Weight of 100 two leaf and a bud
叶长 Leaf length	0.434	-0.039	0.624	0.153	0.047	0.129	-0.098	-0.002	-0.084
叶宽 Leaf width	0.713	-0.101	0.389	0.215	0.136	-0.157	-0.081	-0.012	0.105
叶脉对数Lateral veins logarithmic	0.373	0.362	0.254	0.111	-0.502	-0.384	0.008	-0.163	-0.105
萼片数Calyx number	0.283	0.253	-0.483	-0.230	0.380	-0.183	-0.269	-0.169	0.003
花冠直径短Short diameter of corolla	0.886	-0.192	-0.028	0.120	0.032	0.079	0.089	0.077	-0.135
花冠直径长Long diameter of corolla	0.885	-0.165	-0.010	0.164	-0.058	0.031	0.094	0.038	-0.105
花瓣数Petals number	0.866	-0.136	-0.166	0.224	0.044	0.111	-0.085	-0.133	-0.027
花柱长度Stylet length	0.827	-0.026	0.052	0.220	0.049	-0.133	0.186	0.075	-0.013
柱头开裂数Stylet dehiscence number	0.735	-0.092	-0.257	0.127	-0.048	0.071	-0.112	-0.450	-0.133
树型Tree type	0.949	-0.124	-0.181	-0.051	-0.025	0.040	-0.015	-0.024	0.002
芽叶绒毛Shoots pubescence	-0.789	0.135	0.047	-0.121	0.160	0.075	-0.186	-0.196	0.042
一芽一叶期One bud and one leaf stage	0.033	0.817	-0.181	0.134	-0.121	0.375	0.094	-0.018	-0.138
一芽二叶期One bud and two leaf stage	-0.013	0.752	-0.195	0.119	-0.214	0.388	0.010	0.088	-0.286
芽叶色泽Bud color	0.451	0.173	0.451	-0.070	0.125	-0.046	0.224	-0.151	0.060
叶片大小Leaf size	0.739	-0.151	0.145	0.097	-0.086	0.183	-0.094	0.158	0.099
叶形Leaf shape	0.170	0.117	0.318	-0.557	-0.337	0.205	-0.007	-0.035	-0.083
叶色Leaf color	0.188	0.446	-0.084	-0.071	0.109	-0.441	0.052	0.353	0.112
花萼色泽Calyx anthocyanin colouring	-0.041	0.441	0.049	0.049	-0.180	-0.111	0.481	-0.075	0.217
花瓣颜色Petal color	-0.509	0.458	-0.142	0.097	-0.209	-0.183	-0.108	0.099	-0.317
花瓣质地Petal texture	0.805	-0.061	-0.086	0.021	0.180	0.049	0.014	0.142	-0.159
子房绒毛Ovary pubescence	-0.851	0.090	0.276	-0.069	0.019	-0.072	0.177	0.236	0.020
花柱裂位Stylet cracking location	0.117	0.498	-0.099	-0.293	0.123	0.048	-0.079	-0.458	0.466
雌雄蕊相对高度	0.100	0.267	-0.018	0.568	0.530	-0.101	0.226	-0.050	0.016
Pistil stamen relative height
叶尖Leaf apex	-0.528	-0.193	-0.185	0.275	-0.031	0.099	0.360	0.129	0.135
叶缘Leaf margin	-0.354	-0.204	0.293	0.083	-0.210	-0.187	-0.510	0.044	0.075
叶面Leaf surface	-0.156	0.499	0.367	0.163	0.502	0.169	-0.163	-0.050	-0.027
叶身Transection shape	-0.192	0.558	0.371	0.101	0.192	-0.014	-0.098	0.060	-0.008
咖啡碱Caffeine	0.580	0.193	-0.131	-0.052	-0.304	-0.283	0.212	-0.092	0.288
氨基酸Amino acids	-0.577	-0.266	-0.083	0.361	-0.117	0.316	0.043	0.070	0.326
茶多酚Tea polyphenols	0.669	0.134	-0.012	-0.460	0.170	0.039	0.108	0.289	0.149
水浸出物Water extracts	0.695	0.071	0.078	-0.410	0.173	-0.221	0.070	0.045	-0.220
可溶性糖Soluble sugar	0.013	-0.250	0.285	-0.337	0.090	0.453	0.336	-0.253	-0.050
特征值Eigenvalues	11.638	3.574	2.038	2.004	1.699	1.552	1.366	1.278	1.049
贡献率Contribution rate/%	33.252	10.211	5.823	5.726	4.853	4.433	3.902	3.653	2.997
累计贡献率	33.252	43.463	49.286	55.012	59.865	64.299	68.200	71.853	74.850
Accumulative contribution rate/%

图1 重庆30份茶树资源聚类分析

Fig.1 Clustering chart of 30 tea germplasms in Chongqing

表5 不同类群间农艺性状与主要生化成分比较

Table 5 Agronomic traits and main biochemical components among different groups

项目 Item	第Ⅰ类群 Group Ⅰ		第Ⅱ类群Group Ⅱ		第Ⅲ类群Group Ⅲ
项目 Item	平均值±标准差 $x ¯$ ±s	变异系数 CV/%	平均值±标准差 $x ¯$ ±s	变异系数 CV/%	平均值±标准差 $x ¯$ ±s	变异系数 CV/%
发芽密度Sprouting density/m^-2	702.91±280.85 a	39.96	764.65±94.41 a	12.35	436.16±217.86 b	49.95
一芽二叶长 Length of two leaf and a bud/cm	4.43±0.49 b	11.09	3.83±0.24 c	6.28	5.70±0.73 a	12.86
一芽二叶百芽重	19.29±5.28 b	27.38	14.64±1.95 c	13.32	26.87±11.16 a	41.53
Weight of 100 two leaf and a bud/g
叶长 Leaf length/cm	8.13±1.29 b	15.87	8.33±0.73 b	8.81	9.56±3.29 a	34.47
叶宽 Leaf width/cm	3.82±0.69 b	18.06	3.99±0.43 b	10.72	5.06±0.70 a	13.79
叶脉对数Lateral veins logarithmic	6.77±0.53 b	7.77	6.49±0.31 ab	4.80	7.06±0.42 a	5.93
萼片数Calyx number	5.11±0.29 a	5.72	4.61±0.19 b	4.14	5.27±0.58 a	10.99
花冠直径短Short diameter of corolla/cm	2.41±0.31 b	12.85	2.58±0.20 b	7.69	3.94±0.57 a	14.56
花冠直径长Long diameter of corolla/cm	3.15±0.38 b	11.97	3.36±0.26 b	7.78	4.82±0.74 a	15.31
花瓣数Petals number	5.89±0.43 b	7.34	6.16±0.30 b	4.79	7.97±1.20 a	15.01
花柱长度Stylet length	1.07±0.15 b	14.25	1.06±0.25 b	23.44	1.59±0.20 a	12.30
柱头开裂数Stylet dehiscence number	2.98±0.11 b	3.69	3.00±0 b	0	3.33±0.37 a	11.03
树型Tree type	1.00±0 b	0	1.00±0 b	0	2.60±0.51 a	19.50
芽叶绒毛Shoots pubescence	3.23±0.79 a	24.40	2.73±1.33 a	48.82	0.13±0.35 b	263.90
一芽一叶期One bud and one leaf stage	2.62±0.76 a	29.09	1.00±0 c	0	2.07±1.10 b	53.22
一芽二叶期One bud and two leaf stage	2.33±0.90 a	38.39	1.00±0 b	0	1.80±1.01 a	56.34
芽叶色泽Bud color	2.53±0.98 b	38.78	2.00±0 b	0	3.33±0.98 a	29.28
叶片大小Leaf size	1.67±0.48 b	28.52	1.93±0.26 b	13.36	2.93±0.26 a	8.80
叶形Leaf shape	3.35±0.48 ab	14.36	3.13±0.35 b	11.23	3.60±0.74 a	20.47
叶色Leaf color	3.15±0.36 a	11.43	2.53±0.64 b	25.26	3.27±0.46 a	14.01
花萼色泽Calyx anthocyanin colouring	1.18±0.39 a	32.98	1.00±0 a	0	1.13±0.35 a	31.05
花瓣颜色Petal color	1.75±0.44 a	24.95	1.53±0.52 a	33.68	1.00±0 b	0
花瓣质地Petal texture	2.00±0.26 b	13.02	2.00±0 b	0	2.87±0.35 a	12.27
子房绒毛Ovary pubescence	2.00±0 a	0	2.00±0 a	0	1.40±0.51 b	36.22
花柱裂位Stylet cracking location	2.77±0.53 a	19.25	1.80±0.86 b	47.88	2.60±0.83 a	31.85
项目 Item	第Ⅰ类群 Group Ⅰ		第Ⅱ类群Group Ⅱ		第Ⅲ类群Group Ⅲ
项目 Item	平均值±标准差 $x ¯$ ±s	变异系数 CV/%	平均值±标准差 $x ¯$ ±s	变异系数 CV/%	平均值±标准差 $x ¯$ ±s	变异系数 CV/%
雌雄蕊相对高度Pistil stamen relative height	2.12±0.72 a	33.79	1.67±0.98 a	58.55	2.00±0.85 a	42.26
叶尖Leaf apex	1.98±0.62 b	31.47	2.40±0.63 a	26.35	1.27±0.46 c	36.14
叶缘Leaf margin	2.00±0.94 b	46.94	3.00±0 a	0	1.27±0.59 c	46.86
叶面Leaf surface	1.78±0.74 a	41.41	1.07±0.26 b	24.21	1.07±0.26 b	24.21
叶身Transection shape	1.72±0.59 a	34.07	1.20±0.41 b	34.50	1.20±0.41 b	34.50
咖啡碱 Caffeine/%	3.89±0.78 b	20.15	3.20±0.54 c	16.86	4.91±0.50 a	10.10
氨基酸 Amino acids/%	3.22±0.74 b	22.92	4.03±0.78 a	19.42	2.25±0.68 c	30.03
茶多酚 Tea polyphenols/%	27.29±3.10 b	11.38	23.35±2.71 c	11.62	36.42±3.33 a	9.15
水浸出物 Water extracts/%	35.35±2.56 b	7.23	35.63±4.02 b	11.29	41.92±6.23 a	14.86
可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/%	3.37±0.56 a	16.51	3.67±0.69 a	18.75	3.53±0.61 a	17.14

表5 不同类群间农艺性状与主要生化成分比较

Table 5 Agronomic traits and main biochemical components among different groups

项目 Item	第Ⅰ类群 Group Ⅰ		第Ⅱ类群Group Ⅱ		第Ⅲ类群Group Ⅲ
项目 Item	平均值±标准差 $x ¯$ ±s	变异系数 CV/%	平均值±标准差 $x ¯$ ±s	变异系数 CV/%	平均值±标准差 $x ¯$ ±s	变异系数 CV/%
发芽密度Sprouting density/m^-2	702.91±280.85 a	39.96	764.65±94.41 a	12.35	436.16±217.86 b	49.95
一芽二叶长 Length of two leaf and a bud/cm	4.43±0.49 b	11.09	3.83±0.24 c	6.28	5.70±0.73 a	12.86
一芽二叶百芽重	19.29±5.28 b	27.38	14.64±1.95 c	13.32	26.87±11.16 a	41.53
Weight of 100 two leaf and a bud/g
叶长 Leaf length/cm	8.13±1.29 b	15.87	8.33±0.73 b	8.81	9.56±3.29 a	34.47
叶宽 Leaf width/cm	3.82±0.69 b	18.06	3.99±0.43 b	10.72	5.06±0.70 a	13.79
叶脉对数Lateral veins logarithmic	6.77±0.53 b	7.77	6.49±0.31 ab	4.80	7.06±0.42 a	5.93
萼片数Calyx number	5.11±0.29 a	5.72	4.61±0.19 b	4.14	5.27±0.58 a	10.99
花冠直径短Short diameter of corolla/cm	2.41±0.31 b	12.85	2.58±0.20 b	7.69	3.94±0.57 a	14.56
花冠直径长Long diameter of corolla/cm	3.15±0.38 b	11.97	3.36±0.26 b	7.78	4.82±0.74 a	15.31
花瓣数Petals number	5.89±0.43 b	7.34	6.16±0.30 b	4.79	7.97±1.20 a	15.01
花柱长度Stylet length	1.07±0.15 b	14.25	1.06±0.25 b	23.44	1.59±0.20 a	12.30
柱头开裂数Stylet dehiscence number	2.98±0.11 b	3.69	3.00±0 b	0	3.33±0.37 a	11.03
树型Tree type	1.00±0 b	0	1.00±0 b	0	2.60±0.51 a	19.50
芽叶绒毛Shoots pubescence	3.23±0.79 a	24.40	2.73±1.33 a	48.82	0.13±0.35 b	263.90
一芽一叶期One bud and one leaf stage	2.62±0.76 a	29.09	1.00±0 c	0	2.07±1.10 b	53.22
一芽二叶期One bud and two leaf stage	2.33±0.90 a	38.39	1.00±0 b	0	1.80±1.01 a	56.34
芽叶色泽Bud color	2.53±0.98 b	38.78	2.00±0 b	0	3.33±0.98 a	29.28
叶片大小Leaf size	1.67±0.48 b	28.52	1.93±0.26 b	13.36	2.93±0.26 a	8.80
叶形Leaf shape	3.35±0.48 ab	14.36	3.13±0.35 b	11.23	3.60±0.74 a	20.47
叶色Leaf color	3.15±0.36 a	11.43	2.53±0.64 b	25.26	3.27±0.46 a	14.01
花萼色泽Calyx anthocyanin colouring	1.18±0.39 a	32.98	1.00±0 a	0	1.13±0.35 a	31.05
花瓣颜色Petal color	1.75±0.44 a	24.95	1.53±0.52 a	33.68	1.00±0 b	0
花瓣质地Petal texture	2.00±0.26 b	13.02	2.00±0 b	0	2.87±0.35 a	12.27
子房绒毛Ovary pubescence	2.00±0 a	0	2.00±0 a	0	1.40±0.51 b	36.22
花柱裂位Stylet cracking location	2.77±0.53 a	19.25	1.80±0.86 b	47.88	2.60±0.83 a	31.85
项目 Item	第Ⅰ类群 Group Ⅰ		第Ⅱ类群Group Ⅱ		第Ⅲ类群Group Ⅲ
项目 Item	平均值±标准差 $x ¯$ ±s	变异系数 CV/%	平均值±标准差 $x ¯$ ±s	变异系数 CV/%	平均值±标准差 $x ¯$ ±s	变异系数 CV/%
雌雄蕊相对高度Pistil stamen relative height	2.12±0.72 a	33.79	1.67±0.98 a	58.55	2.00±0.85 a	42.26
叶尖Leaf apex	1.98±0.62 b	31.47	2.40±0.63 a	26.35	1.27±0.46 c	36.14
叶缘Leaf margin	2.00±0.94 b	46.94	3.00±0 a	0	1.27±0.59 c	46.86
叶面Leaf surface	1.78±0.74 a	41.41	1.07±0.26 b	24.21	1.07±0.26 b	24.21
叶身Transection shape	1.72±0.59 a	34.07	1.20±0.41 b	34.50	1.20±0.41 b	34.50
咖啡碱 Caffeine/%	3.89±0.78 b	20.15	3.20±0.54 c	16.86	4.91±0.50 a	10.10
氨基酸 Amino acids/%	3.22±0.74 b	22.92	4.03±0.78 a	19.42	2.25±0.68 c	30.03
茶多酚 Tea polyphenols/%	27.29±3.10 b	11.38	23.35±2.71 c	11.62	36.42±3.33 a	9.15
水浸出物 Water extracts/%	35.35±2.56 b	7.23	35.63±4.02 b	11.29	41.92±6.23 a	14.86
可溶性糖 Soluble sugar/%	3.37±0.56 a	16.51	3.67±0.69 a	18.75	3.53±0.61 a	17.14

表6 不同类群间农艺性状及主要生化成分比较

Table 6 Agronomic traits and main biochemical components among different groups

项目 Item	评定标准 Evaluation criteria	筛选资源名称 Screened resource name
一芽一叶期 One bud and one leaf stage	比福鼎大白茶早10 d 或晚30 d以上 Ten days earlier or 30 days later than Fuding Dabai tea	酉阳10号(早12 d)Youyang 10 (12 days earlier),酉阳15号(早10 d)Youyang 15(ten days earlier),永川1号(早22 d)Yongchuan 1 (22 days earlier),永川2号(早24 d)Yongchuan 2(24 days earlier),永川3号(早22 d)Yongchuan 3(22 days earlier),永川4号(早12 d)Yongchuan 4(12 days earlier),永川5号(早24 d)Yongchuan 10 (12 days earlier),南川3号(早24 d) Nanchuan 3(24 days earlier),南川1号(早12d) Nanchuan 1(12 days earlier),木皮槽1号(早12 d)Mupicao1(12 days earlier)
芽叶色泽 Bud color	白色White; 黄色Yellow; 紫红色Purplish red	酉阳6号(白色)Youyang 6(White)
芽叶绒毛 Shoots pubescence	比福鼎大白茶多 More than Fuding Dabai tea	酉阳9号Youyang 9,酉阳13号Youyang 13,酉阳14号Youyang 14
茶多酚总量 Tea polyphenols content/%	≥25;≤7.5	酉阳1号(29.56)Youyang 1 (29.56),酉阳3号(28.85)Youyang 3(28.85),酉阳9号(28.12)Youyang 9(28.12),酉阳11号(25.09)Youyang 11(25.09),酉阳4-1(29.51)Youyang 4-1(29.51),酉阳4-2(26.73)Youyang 4.2(26.73),酉阳4-3(28.52)Youyang 4-3(28.52),酉阳5号(28.73)Youyang 5(28.73),酉阳7号(25.64)Youyang 7(25.64),酉阳10号(28.94)Youyang 10(28.94),酉阳8号(31.38)Youyang 8(31.38),酉阳13号(29.19)Youyang 13(29.19),酉阳14号(28.13)Youyang 14(28.13),虎老溪4号(26.35)Hulaoxi 4(26.35),虎老溪5号(26.54)Hulaoxi 5(26.54),虎老溪1号(26.45)Hulaoxi 1(26.45),南川3(33.85)Nanchuan 3(33.85),南川2(34.72)Nanchuan 2(34.72),南川1(34.73)Nanchuan 1(34.73),木皮槽2(42.34)Mupicao 2(42.34),木皮槽1(36.48)Mupicao 1(36.48)
咖啡碱总量 Caffeine content/%	≥5.0;≤1.5	虎老溪2号(5.35)Hulaoxi 2(5.35),虎老溪5号(5.66)Hulaoxi 5(5.66),南川3(5.05)Nanchuan 3(5.05),南川2(5.18)Nanchuan 2(5.18)

表6 不同类群间农艺性状及主要生化成分比较

Table 6 Agronomic traits and main biochemical components among different groups

项目 Item	评定标准 Evaluation criteria	筛选资源名称 Screened resource name
一芽一叶期 One bud and one leaf stage	比福鼎大白茶早10 d 或晚30 d以上 Ten days earlier or 30 days later than Fuding Dabai tea	酉阳10号(早12 d)Youyang 10 (12 days earlier),酉阳15号(早10 d)Youyang 15(ten days earlier),永川1号(早22 d)Yongchuan 1 (22 days earlier),永川2号(早24 d)Yongchuan 2(24 days earlier),永川3号(早22 d)Yongchuan 3(22 days earlier),永川4号(早12 d)Yongchuan 4(12 days earlier),永川5号(早24 d)Yongchuan 10 (12 days earlier),南川3号(早24 d) Nanchuan 3(24 days earlier),南川1号(早12d) Nanchuan 1(12 days earlier),木皮槽1号(早12 d)Mupicao1(12 days earlier)
芽叶色泽 Bud color	白色White; 黄色Yellow; 紫红色Purplish red	酉阳6号(白色)Youyang 6(White)
芽叶绒毛 Shoots pubescence	比福鼎大白茶多 More than Fuding Dabai tea	酉阳9号Youyang 9,酉阳13号Youyang 13,酉阳14号Youyang 14
茶多酚总量 Tea polyphenols content/%	≥25;≤7.5	酉阳1号(29.56)Youyang 1 (29.56),酉阳3号(28.85)Youyang 3(28.85),酉阳9号(28.12)Youyang 9(28.12),酉阳11号(25.09)Youyang 11(25.09),酉阳4-1(29.51)Youyang 4-1(29.51),酉阳4-2(26.73)Youyang 4.2(26.73),酉阳4-3(28.52)Youyang 4-3(28.52),酉阳5号(28.73)Youyang 5(28.73),酉阳7号(25.64)Youyang 7(25.64),酉阳10号(28.94)Youyang 10(28.94),酉阳8号(31.38)Youyang 8(31.38),酉阳13号(29.19)Youyang 13(29.19),酉阳14号(28.13)Youyang 14(28.13),虎老溪4号(26.35)Hulaoxi 4(26.35),虎老溪5号(26.54)Hulaoxi 5(26.54),虎老溪1号(26.45)Hulaoxi 1(26.45),南川3(33.85)Nanchuan 3(33.85),南川2(34.72)Nanchuan 2(34.72),南川1(34.73)Nanchuan 1(34.73),木皮槽2(42.34)Mupicao 2(42.34),木皮槽1(36.48)Mupicao 1(36.48)
咖啡碱总量 Caffeine content/%	≥5.0;≤1.5	虎老溪2号(5.35)Hulaoxi 2(5.35),虎老溪5号(5.66)Hulaoxi 5(5.66),南川3(5.05)Nanchuan 3(5.05),南川2(5.18)Nanchuan 2(5.18)

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重庆30份茶树种质资源农艺性状与生化成分多样性

Diversity analysis of 30 tea (Camelia sinensis) germplasm resources in Chongqing based on agronomic traits and biochemical components

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