中间砧对3种杂柑叶片光合特性、理化指标和果实品质的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20241017

浙江农业学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (8): 1680-1693.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20241017

中间砧对3种杂柑叶片光合特性、理化指标和果实品质的影响

贺世雄¹^,²(), 杨蕾¹, 齐安民³, 程籍⁴, 王敏¹, 李英奎¹, 洪林¹^,^*()

1.重庆市农业科学院果树研究所,重庆 401329
2.广安市农林科学研究院,四川广安 638000
3.重庆市云阳县果品产业发展中心,重庆 404500
4.重庆市开州区农业发展服务中心,重庆 405400

收稿日期:2024-11-25 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-09-03
作者简介:贺世雄(1991—),男,河南卢氏人,硕士,农艺师,主要从事柑橘栽培与生理研究。E-mail:1121708788@qq.com
通讯作者: *洪林,E-mail:350971781@qq.com
基金资助:
川渝青年人才互派培养计划(川组通2023-61);重庆市科研院所绩效激励引导专项(cstc2018jxjl80019)

Effects of interstock on leaf photosynthetic characteristics, physicochemical properties and fruit quality of three mandarin hybrids

HE Shixiong¹^,²(), YANG Lei¹, QI Anmin³, CHENG Ji⁴, WANG Min¹, LI Yingkui¹, HONG Lin¹^,^*()

1. Fruit Research Institute, Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China
2. Guang’an Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Guang’an 638000, Sichuan, Sichuan, China
3. Yunyang County Development Center of Fruit Industry, Chongqing 404500, China
4. Kaizhou District Agricultural Development Service Center, Chongqing 405400, China

Received:2024-11-25 Online:2025-08-25 Published:2025-09-03
Contact: HONG Lin

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究中间砧对3个杂柑品种光合特性、生理生化、矿质元素与果实品质等的影响,采用梨橙(单中间砧)和梨橙/爱媛28(复合中间砧)2种处理,测定嫁接其上杂柑(探戈、沃柑和春见)的叶片光合色素含量、可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量、光合日变化、抗逆相关酶活性、矿质元素含量,以及果实的可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、维生素C含量等品质指标,并运用主成分分析法对各砧穗组合的综合表现进行评价。结果表明:不同品种的光合效能具有明显差异,不同中间砧上各品种的净光合速率(P_n)、气孔导度(G_s)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(C_i)日变化曲线差异总体不大,但复合中间砧能显著提高沃柑和春见上午时段的P_n,峰值分别提高13.40%和10.85%。中间砧会影响不同杂柑叶片叶绿素a、叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量,复合中间砧上3个品种的叶片可溶性糖和淀粉含量均高于单中间砧上的。复合中间砧增加了叶片总酚和可溶性蛋白质的积累,降低了苯丙氨酸解氨酶(phenylalanine ammonia lyase, PAL)活性。与超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)和多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase, PPO)活性相比,过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)、β-1,3葡聚糖酶(β-1,3-glucanase, β-1,3-GA)、外切几丁质酶、内切几丁质酶活性受中间砧的影响更显著。与单中间砧相比,复合中间砧提高了沃柑和春见叶片中N、P、K、Zn和B的含量,降低了中量元素Ca和Mg含量,微量元素Fe含量在不同中间砧间变化较大,其次是Zn和B。此外,单中间砧上探戈和春见果实的可溶性固形物含量更高,而复合中间砧上3个品种的果实可滴定酸、维生素C含量更低,固酸比更高。不同中间砧对嫁接品种的光合作用、生理生化、抗逆相关酶活性、矿质元素积累和果实品质均具有一定的影响,复合中间砧增强了3个杂柑品种可溶性糖、淀粉、总酚的积累,降低了PAL活性,有利于果实降酸。通过综合评价发现,春见和沃柑嫁接在复合中间砧上的总体表现优于单中间砧,而探戈的表现与之相反。

关键词: 中间砧, 杂柑, 理化指标, 光合特性, 矿质元素, 果实品质

Abstract:

To evaluate the effects of interstock on the photosynthesis, physiological and biochemical properties, mineral elements, and fruit quality of three mandarin hybrids, using Licheng(single interstock) and Licheng/Ehime 28 (combined interstock) as interstocks for grafting the Tango, Harumi and Orah cultivars, we analyzed leaf photosynthetic pigments contents, soluble sugar content, starch content, diurnal photosynthetic variation, stress-related enzyme activity, mineral element content, as well as fruit quality indicators such as soluble solids, titratable acidity, and vitamin C content. Principal component analysis(PCA) was used to evaluate the overall performance of each scion-rootstock combination. The results showed that photosynthetic efficiency varied significantly among the different varieties, while the diurnal curves of net photosynthetic rate (P_n), stomatal conductance (G_s), transpiration rate (T_r) and intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) showed no significant differences among varieties with different interstocks, but the combined interstock significantly increased the P_n of Orah and Harumi in the morning, with peak values being 13.40% and 10.85% higher, respectively. The interstock type influenced the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll content in the leaves of the hybrid citrus varieties. The soluble sugar and starch contents in the leaves of all three varieties were higher on the combined interstock than those on the single interstock. The combined interstock increased the accumulation of total phenols and soluble proteins in the leaves while reducing phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity. Compared with activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), the activities of catalase (CAT), β-1,3-glucanase (β-1,3-GA), exochitinase and endochitinase were more significantly affected by the interstock treatment. Compared with the single interstock, the combined interstock increased the content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), zinc (Zn), and boron (B) in the leaves of Orah and Harumi while decreased the content of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). The variation in the micronutrient iron(Fe) content was the most pronounced between the two interstocks, followed by Zn and B. Additionally, the soluble solids contents in the fruits of Tango and Harumi were higher on the single interstock, whereas the combined interstock resulted in lower titratable acidity and vitamin C content but a higher solid-acid ratio in all three varieties. The different interstocks had varying effects on the photosynthesis, physiological biochemistry, stress resistance-related enzyme activity, mineral element accumulation, and fruit quality of the grafted varieties. The combined interstock enhanced the accumulation of soluble sugars, starch, and total phenols while reduced PAL activity, which resulted in lower fruit acidity. Through comprehensive evaluation, it was found that Harumi and Orah grafted on the combined interstock performed better than those on the single interstock, whereas Tango showed the opposite trend.

Key words: interstock, mandarin hybrid, physicochemical property, photosynthetic characteristic, mineral element, fruit quality

中图分类号:

S666

贺世雄, 杨蕾, 齐安民, 程籍, 王敏, 李英奎, 洪林. 中间砧对3种杂柑叶片光合特性、理化指标和果实品质的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报, 2025, 37(8): 1680-1693.

HE Shixiong, YANG Lei, QI Anmin, CHENG Ji, WANG Min, LI Yingkui, HONG Lin. Effects of interstock on leaf photosynthetic characteristics, physicochemical properties and fruit quality of three mandarin hybrids[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2025, 37(8): 1680-1693.

图/表 8

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编号 No.	含量 Content/(mg·g^-1)		活性 Activity
编号 No.	总酚 Total phenols	可溶性蛋白质 Soluble protein	SOD/ (U·g^-1)	CAT/(μmoL· min^-1· g^-1)	POD/ (U·g^-1)	PAL/ (U·g^-1)	β-1,3-GA/ (μg·min^-1· g^-1)	外切几丁质酶 Exochitinase ctivity/(μg· h^-1·g^-1)	内切几丁质酶 Endochitinase activity/(μg· h^-1·g^-1)	PPO/ (U· min^-1· g^-1)
LT	3.40 ±0.06	37.78 ±1.84	8 224.67 ±148.50	565.58 ±14.49^**	1 098.60 ±105.64	76.75 ±3.40^**	747.47 ±33.58^*	473.80 ±11.62^**	1 218.17 ±83.91^**	222.75 ±7.14
LAT	3.46 ±0.18	36.68 ±1.92	8 239.98 ±160.53	634.69 ±12.55^**	1 035.05 ±123.69	56.54 ±2.25^**	600.76 ±40.09^*	150.60 ±8.81^**	380.94 ±15.05^**	212.77 ±6.38
LO	3.35 ±0.05	32.51 ±2.13	6 523.70 ±174.36^**	425.71 ±15.82^*	1 016.24 ±85.08^*	10.68 ±0.56^*	615.64 ±22.02^*	180.42 ±15.16^**	485.61 ±10.93^**	204.10 ±11.86
LAO	3.58 ±0.04	33.71 ±2.29	5 165.95 ±142.08^**	383.03 ±11.79^*	796.43 ±22.84^*	8.06 ±0.59^*	539.27 ±26.49^*	474.02 ±15.41^**	1 220.63 ±160.55^**	202.47 ±11.99
LC	3.76 ±0.36	37.55 ±2.00	9 943.71 ±139.96	594.57 ±21.43	1 345.11 ±69.03	64.88 ±3.32	312.08 ±14.85	305.54 ±13.44	771.21 ±50.30^*	197.94 ±8.44
LAC	4.23 ±0.20	37.69 ±1.88	6 974.50 ±4 206.69	647.08 ±20.86	1 470.67 ±140.65	63.25 ±3.06	348.82 ±17.55	354.43 ±20.91	904.37 ±27.65^*	204.43 ±12.37

编号 No.	含量 Content/(mg·g^-1)		活性 Activity
编号 No.	总酚 Total phenols	可溶性蛋白质 Soluble protein	SOD/ (U·g^-1)	CAT/(μmoL· min^-1· g^-1)	POD/ (U·g^-1)	PAL/ (U·g^-1)	β-1,3-GA/ (μg·min^-1· g^-1)	外切几丁质酶 Exochitinase ctivity/(μg· h^-1·g^-1)	内切几丁质酶 Endochitinase activity/(μg· h^-1·g^-1)	PPO/ (U· min^-1· g^-1)
LT	3.40 ±0.06	37.78 ±1.84	8 224.67 ±148.50	565.58 ±14.49^**	1 098.60 ±105.64	76.75 ±3.40^**	747.47 ±33.58^*	473.80 ±11.62^**	1 218.17 ±83.91^**	222.75 ±7.14
LAT	3.46 ±0.18	36.68 ±1.92	8 239.98 ±160.53	634.69 ±12.55^**	1 035.05 ±123.69	56.54 ±2.25^**	600.76 ±40.09^*	150.60 ±8.81^**	380.94 ±15.05^**	212.77 ±6.38
LO	3.35 ±0.05	32.51 ±2.13	6 523.70 ±174.36^**	425.71 ±15.82^*	1 016.24 ±85.08^*	10.68 ±0.56^*	615.64 ±22.02^*	180.42 ±15.16^**	485.61 ±10.93^**	204.10 ±11.86
LAO	3.58 ±0.04	33.71 ±2.29	5 165.95 ±142.08^**	383.03 ±11.79^*	796.43 ±22.84^*	8.06 ±0.59^*	539.27 ±26.49^*	474.02 ±15.41^**	1 220.63 ±160.55^**	202.47 ±11.99
LC	3.76 ±0.36	37.55 ±2.00	9 943.71 ±139.96	594.57 ±21.43	1 345.11 ±69.03	64.88 ±3.32	312.08 ±14.85	305.54 ±13.44	771.21 ±50.30^*	197.94 ±8.44
LAC	4.23 ±0.20	37.69 ±1.88	6 974.50 ±4 206.69	647.08 ±20.86	1 470.67 ±140.65	63.25 ±3.06	348.82 ±17.55	354.43 ±20.91	904.37 ±27.65^*	204.43 ±12.37

编号 No.	矿质元素含量Mineral element content
编号 No.	N/%	P/%	K/%	Ca/(g· kg^-1)	Mg/(g· kg^-1)	Cu/(mg· kg^-1)	Zn/(mg· kg^-1)	Fe/(mg· kg^-1)	Mn/(mg· kg^-1)	B/(mg· kg^-1)
LT	2.91± 0.05	0.13± 0.01	1.02± 0.02	7.14± 0.04^**	6.27± 0.05	1.81± 0.06^**	6.70± 0.09	40.71± 1.00^*	85.38± 1.67^**	147.56± 6.71^*
LAT	2.79± 0.08	0.12± 0.01	0.98± 0.04	7.80± 0.07^**	6.29± 0.07	2.79± 0.07^**	6.52± 0.09	44.68± 0.94^*	55.34± 1.38^**	132.76± 2.97^*
LO	2.71± 0.07	0.12± 0.01*	1.01± 0.03^**	8.72± 0.53	7.08± 0.07	2.66± 0.07	6.95± 0.08^**	53.21± 4.52^*	45.86± 1.67	83.48± 2.74
LAO	2.94± 0.21	0.14± 0.01^*	1.14± 0.01^**	8.16± 0.07	6.95± 0.06	2.52± 0.08	7.27± 0.07^**	66.13± 2.72^*	45.21± 1.74	84.35± 3.45
LC	2.67± 0.07^**	0.12± 0.01	1.02± 0.03^*	8.62± 0.10^**	7.26± 0.10	2.93± 0.07	5.27± 0.07^**	53.29± 2.14^*	42.76± 2.12	83.68± 2.71^*
LAC	3.19± 0.10^**	0.14± 0.01	1.14± 0.03^*	7.79± 0.06^**	7.15± 0.07	2.97± 0.07	8.86± 0.53^**	47.70± 0.51^*	46.27± 0.84	90.72± 1.79^*

编号 No.	矿质元素含量Mineral element content
编号 No.	N/%	P/%	K/%	Ca/(g· kg^-1)	Mg/(g· kg^-1)	Cu/(mg· kg^-1)	Zn/(mg· kg^-1)	Fe/(mg· kg^-1)	Mn/(mg· kg^-1)	B/(mg· kg^-1)
LT	2.91± 0.05	0.13± 0.01	1.02± 0.02	7.14± 0.04^**	6.27± 0.05	1.81± 0.06^**	6.70± 0.09	40.71± 1.00^*	85.38± 1.67^**	147.56± 6.71^*
LAT	2.79± 0.08	0.12± 0.01	0.98± 0.04	7.80± 0.07^**	6.29± 0.07	2.79± 0.07^**	6.52± 0.09	44.68± 0.94^*	55.34± 1.38^**	132.76± 2.97^*
LO	2.71± 0.07	0.12± 0.01*	1.01± 0.03^**	8.72± 0.53	7.08± 0.07	2.66± 0.07	6.95± 0.08^**	53.21± 4.52^*	45.86± 1.67	83.48± 2.74
LAO	2.94± 0.21	0.14± 0.01^*	1.14± 0.01^**	8.16± 0.07	6.95± 0.06	2.52± 0.08	7.27± 0.07^**	66.13± 2.72^*	45.21± 1.74	84.35± 3.45
LC	2.67± 0.07^**	0.12± 0.01	1.02± 0.03^*	8.62± 0.10^**	7.26± 0.10	2.93± 0.07	5.27± 0.07^**	53.29± 2.14^*	42.76± 2.12	83.68± 2.71^*
LAC	3.19± 0.10^**	0.14± 0.01	1.14± 0.03^*	7.79± 0.06^**	7.15± 0.07	2.97± 0.07	8.86± 0.53^**	47.70± 0.51^*	46.27± 0.84	90.72± 1.79^*

处理 Treatment	单果重 Single fruit weight/g	单果纵径 Longitudinal diameter/mm	单果横径 Transversal diameter/mm	果形指数 Fruit shape index	可溶性固形物含量 Soluble solids content/%	可滴定酸含量 Titratable acid content/%	固酸比 TSS/TA	维生素C含量 Vitamin C content/ (mg·L^-1)
LT	95.31±5.31	59.82	66.06	0.91	13.5^*	0.85^**	15.88	240.6±0.9
LAT	100.13±4.53	60.43	67.43	0.90	12.9^*	0.63^**	20.48	231.5±16.4
LO	119.27±9.85	62.57	67.13	0.93	14.1	0.65	21.69	324.8±31.1
LAO	112.94±7.88	60.57	66.50	0.91	14.5	0.61	23.77	309.7±31.4
LC	153.65±5.11	70.31	71.54	0.98	12.8^*	0.97^**	13.19	421.0±23.6
LAC	143.49±8.20	70.11	70.53	0.99	11.9^*	0.76^**	15.66	354.9±15.1

中间砧对3种杂柑叶片光合特性、理化指标和果实品质的影响

Effects of interstock on leaf photosynthetic characteristics, physicochemical properties and fruit quality of three mandarin hybrids

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指标 Trait	载荷Load
指标 Trait	主成分1 PC1	主成分2 PC2	主成分3 PC3	主成分4 PC4
总叶绿素含量Total chlorophyll content	-0.59	-0.28	0.02	0.63
净光合速率Net photosynthetic rate	-0.99	0.14	0.05	-0.02
可溶性糖含量Soluble sugar content	0.92	0.21	0.31	-0.13
淀粉含量Starch content	-0.31	-0.55	0.23	-0.72
SOD活性SOD activity	0.43	-0.78	-0.43	0.05
CAT活性CAT activity	0.53	-0.78	0.27	-0.22
POD活性POD activity	0.87	-0.38	0.18	0.17
PAL活性PAL activity	0.37	-0.87	0.23	0.16
N	0.17	0.13	0.97	0.08
P	0.05	0.45	0.83	0.20
K	0.26	0.66	0.66	0.12
Ca	0.33	0.58	-0.70	-0.15
Mg	0.70	0.65	-0.21	0.16
Cu	0.71	0.28	-0.14	-0.60
Zn	0.06	0.33	0.86	-0.02
Fe	0	0.92	-0.20	-0.10
单果重Single fruit weight	0.95	0.26	-0.16	0.09
可溶性固形物含量Soluble solid content	-0.75	0.51	-0.35	0.18
可滴定酸含量Titratable acid content	0.58	-0.47	-0.24	0.55
维生素C含量Vitamin C content	0.83	0.39	-0.32	0.21
特征值Eigenvalue	7.34	5.67	4.20	1.90
贡献率Contribution rate/%	36.68	28.33	21.01	9.52
累计方差贡献率Cumulative contribution rate/%	36.68	65.01	86.02	95.53

处理 Treatment	F_AC1	F₁	F_AC2	F₂	F_AC3	F₃	F_AC4	F₄	综合得分 Comprehensive score	排名 Ranking
LT	-0.89	-2.42	-1.13	-2.68	0.43	0.89	1.34	1.85	-1.34	5
LAT	-0.52	-1.40	-0.95	-2.26	-0.06	-0.13	-1.73	-2.39	-1.47	6
LO	-0.47	-1.27	0.68	1.63	-0.91	-1.87	0.32	0.44	-0.37	4
LAO	-0.68	-1.83	1.50	3.58	0.33	0.67	-0.19	-0.26	0.48	3
LC	1.32	3.57	-0.26	-0.62	-1.28	-2.62	0.26	0.35	0.65	2
LAC	1.23	3.34	0.15	0.36	1.49	3.06	-0.01	-0.01	2.06	1

处理 Treatment	F_AC1	U₁	F_AC2	U₂	F_AC3	U₃	F_AC4	U₄	综合得分 Comprehensive score	排名 Ranking
LT	-0.89	0.01	-1.13	0.01	0.43	0.62	1.34	1.00	0.23	5
LAT	-0.52	0.17	-0.95	0.07	-0.06	0.44	-1.73	0.01	0.17	6
L O	-0.47	0.19	0.68	0.69	-0.91	0.13	0.32	0.67	0.36	4
LAO	-0.68	0.10	1.50	1.00	0.33	0.58	-0.19	0.50	0.49	3
LC	1.32	1.00	-0.26	0.33	-1.28	0.01	0.26	0.65	0.52	2
LAC	1.23	0.96	0.15	0.49	1.49	1.00	-0.01	0.56	0.75	1

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