Effects of straw returning on soil structure and spring maize growth

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221624

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 2446-2455.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20221624

• Environmental Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Effects of straw returning on soil structure and spring maize growth

YU Bo(), WANG Yuyan, REN Qin, DANG Yulei, ZHANG Zhipeng, WANG Yu

School of Life Science and Technology, Jining Normal University, Ulanqab 012000, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2022-11-14 Online:2023-10-25 Published:2023-10-31

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the effect of straw returning to the field on soil structure and spring maize growth, an experiment with 4 consecutive years of straw returning was set up to determine the changes of soil physical properties, structure, and root indexes and yield of spring maize. It was shown that after 4 years of straw returning to the field, the mass ratio of aggregate with particle size ≥0.25 mm, the mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter of the aggregates were sifnificantly (P<0.05) increased by 8.81%, 12.61%, 20.35%, respectively; the aggregate stability and sabotage of water-stable aggregates were significantly increased by 38.09% and 6.85 percentage points, respectively; the percentage of aggregate disruption was significantly decreased by 8.49%; the soil bulk density was significantly decreased by 0.2 g·cm^-3; the total porosity, mass water content and field capacity were significantly increased by 7.53, 9.92, 13.05 percentage points; the dry weight of root, root surface area and root volume of spring maize in topsoil (0-20 cm) were all significantly increased; and the yield of spring maize was significantly increased by 24.58%. The results showed that long-term straw returning to the field changed the soil structure, improved the water retention, permeability and aggregate stability of soil, improved the growth environment of root system, and significantly increased the yield of spring maize.

Key words: straw returning, soil aggregate, mean weight diameter, spring maize, root system

CLC Number:

S158
S513

YU Bo, WANG Yuyan, REN Qin, DANG Yulei, ZHANG Zhipeng, WANG Yu. Effects of straw returning on soil structure and spring maize growth[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2023, 35(10): 2446-2455.

Figures/Tables 10

References 28

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处理 Treatment	总孔隙度 Total porosity/%	孔隙比 Void ratio	质量含水量 Mass water content/%	田间持水量 Field capacity/%
CK	49.70±0.30 c	0.99±0.01 b	13.15±0.40 e	34.55±0.61 d
HT1	51.73±0.38 bc	1.07±0.02 b	14.98±0.58 d	40.54±0.88 c
HT2	52.64±1.38 b	1.11±0.06 b	17.34±0.28 c	42.88±0.58 bc
HT3	55.57±0.38 a	1.25±0.02 a	19.37±0.59 b	43.58±1.10 b
HT4	57.23±0.98 a	1.34±0.06 a	23.07±0.10 a	47.60±0.81 a

处理 Treatment	总孔隙度 Total porosity/%	孔隙比 Void ratio	质量含水量 Mass water content/%	田间持水量 Field capacity/%
CK	49.70±0.30 c	0.99±0.01 b	13.15±0.40 e	34.55±0.61 d
HT1	51.73±0.38 bc	1.07±0.02 b	14.98±0.58 d	40.54±0.88 c
HT2	52.64±1.38 b	1.11±0.06 b	17.34±0.28 c	42.88±0.58 bc
HT3	55.57±0.38 a	1.25±0.02 a	19.37±0.59 b	43.58±1.10 b
HT4	57.23±0.98 a	1.34±0.06 a	23.07±0.10 a	47.60±0.81 a

处理	R_0.25	MWD	GMD	AS	PAD	D
Treatment
CK	0.749±0.016 c	2.30±0.05 b	1.13±0.04 b	18.22±0.41 c	81.78±0.41 a	2.40±0.02 a
HT1	0.777±0.007 bc	2.44±0.04 ab	1.26±0.03 ab	18.96±0.74 c	81.04±0.04 a	2.34±0.01 a
HT2	0.828±0.008 a	2.54±0.06 a	1.34±0.06 a	18.44±0.21 c	81.56±0.21 a	2.31±0.03 a
HT3	0.796±0.013 ab	2.45±0.11 ab	1.26±0.10 ab	21.52±0.13 b	78.48±0.13 b	2.34±0.06 a
HT4	0.815±0.016 ab	2.59±0.09 a	1.36±0.08 a	25.16±0.67 a	74.84±0.67 c	2.30±0.04 a

处理	R_0.25	MWD	GMD	AS	PAD	D
Treatment
CK	0.749±0.016 c	2.30±0.05 b	1.13±0.04 b	18.22±0.41 c	81.78±0.41 a	2.40±0.02 a
HT1	0.777±0.007 bc	2.44±0.04 ab	1.26±0.03 ab	18.96±0.74 c	81.04±0.04 a	2.34±0.01 a
HT2	0.828±0.008 a	2.54±0.06 a	1.34±0.06 a	18.44±0.21 c	81.56±0.21 a	2.31±0.03 a
HT3	0.796±0.013 ab	2.45±0.11 ab	1.26±0.10 ab	21.52±0.13 b	78.48±0.13 b	2.34±0.06 a
HT4	0.815±0.016 ab	2.59±0.09 a	1.36±0.08 a	25.16±0.67 a	74.84±0.67 c	2.30±0.04 a

处理 Treatment	不同粒径水稳性团聚体的含量 Content of water stable aggregates with different particle sizes						SWA
处理 Treatment	≥5 mm	2~<5 mm	1~<2 mm	0.5~<1 mm	0.25~<0.5 mm	<0.25 mm	SWA
CK	0 c	1.05±0.02 c	1.21±0.02 c	4.91±0.03 b	6.46±0.16 d	86.36±0.11 a	13.64±0.11 e
HT1	1.49±0.04 b	0.76±0.01 d	1.50±0.02 b	4.41±0.05 c	6.58±0.11 cd	85.27±0.11 b	14.73±0.11 d
HT2	1.55±0.03 b	0.89±0.07 cd	1.22±0.02 c	4.70±0.13 b	6.91±0.04 c	84.73±0.08 c	15.27±0.08 c
HT3	1.48±0.05 b	1.80±0.12 b	1.50±0.09 b	4.83±0.06 b	7.52±0.15 b	82.87±0.21 d	17.13±0.21 b
HT4	1.91±0.03 a	2.62±0.12 a	1.71±0.08 a	5.84±0.08 a	8.42±0.08 a	79.51±0.17 e	20.49±0.17 a

Effects of straw returning on soil structure and spring maize growth

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指标 Index	处理 Treatment	不同土层的根质量Root weight in different soil layers
指标 Index	处理 Treatment	0~10 cm	10~20 cm	20~30 cm	30~40 cm	40~50 cm	50~60 cm
鲜重	CK	71.37±0.65 d	62.50±1.05 e	24.77±0.61 a	9.03±0.12 a	4.22±0.17 a	3.35±0.21 b
Fresh weight	HT1	81.39±0.59 c	68.30±0.92 d	24.26±0.56 a	9.10±0.23 a	4.40±0.26 a	3.65±0.02 ab
	HT2	98.87±2.26 b	72.87±1.00 c	24.43±0.12 a	9.27±0.09 a	4.48±0.31 a	3.62±0.11 ab
	HT3	103.44±1.59 a	80.04±0.09 b	25.38±0.44 a	9.20±0.26 a	4.60±0.19 a	3.80±0.05 a
	HT4	102.46±1.23 ab	85.51±1.59 a	25.76±0.68 a	9.10±0.55 a	4.47±0.09 a	3.87±0.09 a
干重	CK	7.92±0.04 d	6.20±0.08 e	2.40±0.04 a	0.85±0.03 a	0.41±0.01 b	0.31±0.01 b
Dry weight	HT1	9.46±0.08 c	6.74±0.10 d	2.38±0.05 a	0.92±0.02 a	0.42±0.03 ab	0.32±0.03 b
	HT2	10.89±0.36 b	7.10±0.05 c	2.40±0.01 a	0.94±0.01 a	0.43±0.01 a	0.32±0.01 b
	HT3	11.72±0.15 a	7.86±0.04 b	2.49±0.04 a	0.93±0.03 a	0.44±0.02 a	0.38±0.03 a
	HT4	11.94±0.29 a	8.34±0.09 a	2.53±0.07 a	0.92±0.06 a	0.44±0.01 a	0.38±0.02 a

处理 Treatment	有效穗数 Number of effective ears/hm^-2	穗粒数 Kernels per spike	百粒重 100-grain weight/g	产量 Yield/(t·hm^-2)
CK	73 545±994 b	664.27±9.27 b	24.09±0.84 b	1.18±0.46 c
HT1	77 095±785 a	709.13±4.26 a	24.21±0.72 b	1.32±0.29 b
HT2	76 085±304 a	713.67±7.13 a	24.11±0.35 b	1.31±0.30 b
HT3	75 572±1112 ab	714.73±7.96 a	25.46±0.44 ab	1.38±0.42 ab
HT4	77 703±192 a	717.00±2.51 a	26.33±0.39 a	1.47±0.25 a

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处理 Treatment	不同土层的根表面积Root surface area in different soil layers
处理 Treatment	0~10 cm	10~20 cm	20~30 cm	30~40 cm	40~50 cm	50~60 cm
CK	955.98±23.83 d	619.32±10.27 c	503.61±4.44 a	304.61±7.37 a	234.08±21.65 a	155.38±6.99 a
HT1	1 073.90±15.95 c	686.49±15.73 b	509.74±9.42 a	308.80±10.55 a	234.86±27.77 a	161.84±2.26 a
HT2	1 226.61±10.26 b	683.72±19.15 b	509.70±8.39 a	304.78±21.30 a	240.13±26.21 a	163.59±3.57 a
HT3	1 358.49±25.96 a	813.67±24.45 a	511.85±3.30 a	303.62±12.93 a	240.93±22.43 a	165.96±2.15 a
HT4	1 422.90±31.41 a	843.33±13.23 a	514.30±9.95 a	312.73±10.57 a	254.13±28.47 a	164.93±2.18 a

处理 Treatment	不同土层的根表面积Root surface area in different soil layers
处理 Treatment	0~10 cm	10~20 cm	20~30 cm	30~40 cm	40~50 cm	50~60 cm
CK	955.98±23.83 d	619.32±10.27 c	503.61±4.44 a	304.61±7.37 a	234.08±21.65 a	155.38±6.99 a
HT1	1 073.90±15.95 c	686.49±15.73 b	509.74±9.42 a	308.80±10.55 a	234.86±27.77 a	161.84±2.26 a
HT2	1 226.61±10.26 b	683.72±19.15 b	509.70±8.39 a	304.78±21.30 a	240.13±26.21 a	163.59±3.57 a
HT3	1 358.49±25.96 a	813.67±24.45 a	511.85±3.30 a	303.62±12.93 a	240.93±22.43 a	165.96±2.15 a
HT4	1 422.90±31.41 a	843.33±13.23 a	514.30±9.95 a	312.73±10.57 a	254.13±28.47 a	164.93±2.18 a

处理 Treatment	不同土层的根体积Roo volume in different soil layers
处理 Treatment	0~10 cm	10~20 cm	20~30 cm	30~40 cm	40~50 cm	50~60 cm
CK	30.72±0.32 d	9.00±0.11 e	6.62±0.09 a	4.64±0.27 a	2.74±0.08 c	1.28±0.01 b
HT1	32.97±0.33 c	12.08±0.29 d	6.63±0.35 a	4.70±0.15 a	2.76±0.05 c	1.29±0.01 b
HT2	37.43±0.55 b	17.38±0.56 c	6.80±0.12 a	4.80±0.12 a	2.88±0.08 bc	1.30±0.02 ab
HT3	37.91±0.84 b	20.68±0.34 b	6.75±0.09 a	4.95±0.24 a	3.10±0.06 ab	1.34±0.01 a
HT4	41.44±0.69 a	23.45±0.58 a	6.71±0.09 a	4.94±0.14 a	3.25±0.10 a	1.34±0.02 a

处理 Treatment	不同土层的根体积Roo volume in different soil layers
处理 Treatment	0~10 cm	10~20 cm	20~30 cm	30~40 cm	40~50 cm	50~60 cm
CK	30.72±0.32 d	9.00±0.11 e	6.62±0.09 a	4.64±0.27 a	2.74±0.08 c	1.28±0.01 b
HT1	32.97±0.33 c	12.08±0.29 d	6.63±0.35 a	4.70±0.15 a	2.76±0.05 c	1.29±0.01 b
HT2	37.43±0.55 b	17.38±0.56 c	6.80±0.12 a	4.80±0.12 a	2.88±0.08 bc	1.30±0.02 ab
HT3	37.91±0.84 b	20.68±0.34 b	6.75±0.09 a	4.95±0.24 a	3.10±0.06 ab	1.34±0.01 a
HT4	41.44±0.69 a	23.45±0.58 a	6.71±0.09 a	4.94±0.14 a	3.25±0.10 a	1.34±0.02 a