Parameters optimization for vermicomposting of cow dung and changes of properties of composting residues

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230803

Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (10): 2308-2315.DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.20230803

• Environmental Science • Previous Articles Next Articles

Parameters optimization for vermicomposting of cow dung and changes of properties of composting residues

WU Yuke(), WANG Feng, WANG Yifan, WU Xueping, ZHU Weiqin^*()

School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China

Received:2023-06-29 Online:2024-10-25 Published:2024-10-30

Abstract

Abstract:

Vermicomposting is one of the ways to utilize livestock and poultry manure resources. In this study, cow dung was used as the main material, supplemented with different additives in the vermicompost reactor. The suitable parameters were optimized for the production of vermicompost by using the L₁₆ (4⁴+3²) orthogonal design, and further study was conducted to reveal the changes of physicochemical properties and adsorption properties on Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ of the composting residues. The results showed that both rice bran and the effective microorganisms (EM) bacterial agent could promote the growth and reproduction of earthworms, and improve the physicochemical properties of the derived composting residues. It was feasible to add biochar, struvite and shell powder into the cow dung vermicompost reactor. The best adsorption effect for Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ was found in the derived composting residues from cow dung vermicompost reactor with struvite addition, and their adsorption rates reached up to 96.50% and 49.95%, respectively. The optimized parameters for the cow dung vermicomposting were as follows: the mixture of cow dung, rice bran and EM bacterial agent at the mass ratio of 7∶3∶1 was used as the main material, supplemented with 4% (mass fraction) struvite or biochar, with the moisture content of 70%-80%, inoculated with 12 earthworms based on 150 g dry substrate, and vermicomposted for 40 days. The present study could provide scientific basis for the utilization of livestock and poultry manure, and the prevention of the migration of Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ in the soil.

Key words: vermicomposting, effective microorganism (EM) bacterial agent, struvite, biochar, heavy metal

CLC Number:

S141.4
X713

WU Yuke, WANG Feng, WANG Yifan, WU Xueping, ZHU Weiqin. Parameters optimization for vermicomposting of cow dung and changes of properties of composting residues[J]. Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis, 2024, 36(10): 2308-2315.

Figures/Tables 4

References 32

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处理 Treatment	预发酵物料 Pre-fermented materials	添加剂 Additives	添加水平 Supplemental level/%	蚯蚓接种数量 Number of earthworms	堆肥时间 Composting time/d	含水率 Moisture content/%
T1	PM1	生物炭Biochar	0	0	20	70
T2	PM1	贝壳粉Shell powder	2	6	20	80
T3	PM1	鸟粪石Struvite	4	12	40	70
T4	PM1	磷镁矿物Phosphorus magnesium minerals	8	24	40	80
T5	PM2	生物炭Biochar	2	12	40	80
T6	PM2	贝壳粉Shell powder	0	24	40	70
T7	PM2	鸟粪石Struvite	8	0	20	80
T8	PM2	磷镁矿物Phosphorus magnesium minerals	4	6	20	70
T9	PM3	生物炭Biochar	4	24	20	80
T10	PM3	贝壳粉Shell powder	8	12	20	70
T11	PM3	鸟粪石Struvite	0	6	40	80
T12	PM3	磷镁矿物Phosphorus magnesium minerals	2	0	40	70
T13	PM4	生物炭Biochar	8	6	40	70
T14	PM4	贝壳粉Shell powder	4	0	40	80
T15	PM4	鸟粪石Struvite	2	24	20	70
T16	PM4	磷镁矿物Phosphorus magnesium minerals	0	12	20	80

处理 Treatment	预发酵物料 Pre-fermented materials	添加剂 Additives	添加水平 Supplemental level/%	蚯蚓接种数量 Number of earthworms	堆肥时间 Composting time/d	含水率 Moisture content/%
T1	PM1	生物炭Biochar	0	0	20	70
T2	PM1	贝壳粉Shell powder	2	6	20	80
T3	PM1	鸟粪石Struvite	4	12	40	70
T4	PM1	磷镁矿物Phosphorus magnesium minerals	8	24	40	80
T5	PM2	生物炭Biochar	2	12	40	80
T6	PM2	贝壳粉Shell powder	0	24	40	70
T7	PM2	鸟粪石Struvite	8	0	20	80
T8	PM2	磷镁矿物Phosphorus magnesium minerals	4	6	20	70
T9	PM3	生物炭Biochar	4	24	20	80
T10	PM3	贝壳粉Shell powder	8	12	20	70
T11	PM3	鸟粪石Struvite	0	6	40	80
T12	PM3	磷镁矿物Phosphorus magnesium minerals	2	0	40	70
T13	PM4	生物炭Biochar	8	6	40	70
T14	PM4	贝壳粉Shell powder	4	0	40	80
T15	PM4	鸟粪石Struvite	2	24	20	70
T16	PM4	磷镁矿物Phosphorus magnesium minerals	0	12	20	80

处理 Treatment	存活率 Survival rate/%	日增重 Daily gain/ (mg·d^-1)	蚓茧和幼蚓数量 Number of cocoons and juvenile earthworms
T1	—	—	—
T2	100 a	11.1±0.5 d	0 c
T3	100 a	8.2±0.3 e	47±4 b
T4	0 c	-4.4±0.6 f	0 c
T5	100 a	12.3±0.6 cd	5±1 c
T6	79.2±4.2 b	8.3±0.8 e	6±1 c
T7	—	—	—
T8	0 c	-12.3±1.0 g	0 c
T9	100 a	19.1±0.8 a	0 c
T10	100 a	19.1±0.8 a	0 c
T11	100 a	15.7±0.9 b	44±6 b
T12	—	—	—
T13	100 a	13.6±1.6 bc	63±11 a
T14	—	—	—
T15	100 a	14.3±0.3 bc	0 c
T16	100 a	20.3±1.4 a	0 c

处理 Treatment	存活率 Survival rate/%	日增重 Daily gain/ (mg·d^-1)	蚓茧和幼蚓数量 Number of cocoons and juvenile earthworms
T1	—	—	—
T2	100 a	11.1±0.5 d	0 c
T3	100 a	8.2±0.3 e	47±4 b
T4	0 c	-4.4±0.6 f	0 c
T5	100 a	12.3±0.6 cd	5±1 c
T6	79.2±4.2 b	8.3±0.8 e	6±1 c
T7	—	—	—
T8	0 c	-12.3±1.0 g	0 c
T9	100 a	19.1±0.8 a	0 c
T10	100 a	19.1±0.8 a	0 c
T11	100 a	15.7±0.9 b	44±6 b
T12	—	—	—
T13	100 a	13.6±1.6 bc	63±11 a
T14	—	—	—
T15	100 a	14.3±0.3 bc	0 c
T16	100 a	20.3±1.4 a	0 c

处理 Treatment	pH	EC/(mS·cm^-1)	C/N	OM/%	TNu/%
T1	9.10±0.02 ab	5.15±0.01 g	11.73±0.05 e	38.13±0.77 ef	4.21±0.09 gh
T2	9.12±0.02 a	5.17±0.01 g	11.98±0.14 e	37.53±0.39 fg	4.26±0.02 g
T3	8.74±0.01 de	5.45±0.01 f	10.59±0.47 fg	37.75±0.09 efg	6.09±0.21 d
T4	6.90±0.02 j	9.43±0.12 a	8.32±0.13 i	38.87±0.12 de	9.38±0.10 a
T5	9.00±0.04 c	5.72±0.01 e	12.50±0.91 de	37.70±0.28 efg	4.55±0.16 f
T6	9.02±0.01 bc	6.01±0.01 d	12.09±0.19 e	36.61±0.13 g	4.59±0.15 f
T7	8.06±0.02 h	7.12±0.19 c	9.06±0.19 hi	40.73±0.05 bc	7.57±0.12 b
T8	7.56±0.02 i	7.78±0.03 b	9.89±0.05 gh	38.24±0.14 ef	6.63±0.07 c
T9	8.94±0.03 c	3.52±0.05 k	18.04±0.17 b	41.69±0.11 b	3.95±0.01 hi
T10	8.94±0.01 c	3.31±0.04 l	14.79±0.38 c	33.83±0.50 h	3.68±0.05 i
T11	8.94±0.01 c	3.85±0.01 j	13.35±0.19 d	37.53±0.54 fg	4.09±0.02 gh
T12	8.07±0.10 h	4.55±0.04 h	11.54±0.21 ef	38.23±0.50 ef	5.46±0.03 e
T13	8.65±0.01 e	3.73±0.01 j	20.90±0.66 a	45.57±0.12 a	4.23±0.08 gh
T14	8.82±0.01 d	3.71±0.02 j	13.38±0.11 d	37.43±0.70 fg	4.07±0.04 gh
T15	8.42±0.01 f	4.21±0.02 i	13.37±0.41 d	39.57±0.38 cd	4.83±0.04 f
T16	8.31±0.01 g	4.07±0.03 i	13.20±0.14 d	40.47±0.59 bc	4.14±0.07 gh

Parameters optimization for vermicomposting of cow dung and changes of properties of composting residues

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处理 Treatment	Pb²⁺吸附率 Adsorption rate of Pb²	Cd²⁺吸附率 Adsorption rate of Cd²⁺
T1	96.87±0.01 b	39.74±0.39 gh
T2	96.60±0.18 bc	40.72±0.22 fgh
T3	99.44±0.01 a	53.84±0.51 b
T4	93.87±0.49 def	50.02±0.84 c
T5	97.16±0.10 b	40.59±0.51 fgh
T6	97.40±0.26 b	41.52±0.24 fg
T7	95.15±0.27 cd	59.37±1.09 a
T8	97.25±0.60 b	44.19±0.52 e
T9	94.99±1.43 de	40.36±0.26 fgh
T10	91.74±0.54 g	38.94±0.69 h
T11	93.74±0.45 def	41.70±1.00 f
T12	99.23±0.43 a	47.41±0.91 d
T13	93.54±0.39 ef	40.48±0.14 fgh
T14	93.64±0.20 ef	40.60±0.46 fgh
T15	97.67±0.22 b	44.90±0.31 e
T16	92.69±0.24 fg	40.63±1.03 fgh

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