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Analysis on registered hybrid rice of Sichuan Province from 2001 to 2010 ZENG Xian-ping;HE Fang;LU Jian-qun;CHEN Lin 2012, 24(3):  0-367.  Abstract ( 1215 )   PDF (1442KB) ( 1364 )   The data of registered varieties of Sichuan province from 2001to 2010 were analyzed. The results showed that among 184 registered varieties in Sichuan province in last decade, 4% varieties were breakthrough in super high yield. 2.7% varieties were accord with the good quality class Ⅱ of national standard, 9.5% varieties were accord with good quality class Ⅲ, 2.7% were glutinous varieties, 3.4% belonged to special purpose varieties and 2.7% were resistant varieties. According to the whole duration of varieties, 147 varieties were classified into latematurity indica hybrid rice, account for 79.9%, 4.9% were earlymaturity, 7.1% were midmaturity and 10 varieties were special ecotype, account for 6.8%. From 51 male sterile lines used in these varieties, the top five male sterile lines are Yixiang 1A, Ⅱ32A, D62A, Chuanxiang 29A and G46A, and 54.9% male sterile lines are only bred one registered variety during this period. Meanwhile 98 new restorers were used for these varieties, the top four lines were Shuhui 527, Mianhui 2009, Mianhui 725 and Lehui 188, and only one variety was registered among 77 new restorers. Eight agronomy characters of latematurity indica hybrid rice were analyzed, and the results showed that four traits including whole growth duration, effective panicle, seed setting and rice blast class expressed an decreasing tendency, and another four traits including plant height, panicle length, grain number per panicle and 1000grain weight increased. During recent 10 years, the average yield of 147 latematurity indica hybrid varieties registered in Sichuan province was 8 180.11 kg·hm-2, it increased 4.63% more than that of the control． Related Articles | Metrics

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Epidemiology analysis of major viral diseases of porcine in Zhejiang province during 2008-2011 XU Li-hua;WANG Yi-cheng;YUAN Xiu-fang;LI Jun-xing;LU Bin;SHEN Shi-chuan;FANG Wei-huan;* 2012, 24(3):  0-387.  Abstract ( 743 )   PDF (1344KB) ( 1434 )   To study the epidemiology characteristics of major viral disease of porcine in Zhejiang province, a total of 1 118 clinical samples in the latest four years were collected, and viral pathogens were detected by PCR or RT-PCR. It showed that the mean infection rates of PRRSV, CSFV, JEV, PCV2, PRV, PPV, PEDV and TGEV were 51.71%, 15.71%, 27.16%, 50.80%, 1.99%, 84.40% and 9.00%, respectively. Among these pathogens, PRRSV, CSFV and PCV2 were most commonly detected during all the four years, which were still the most important porcine viral pathogens in Zhejiang province. The prevalence of PRV and PPV had been declining these years, indicating these diseases have been controlled effectively. Increase in detection rate (up to 39.29%) of JEV in aborted fetus was observed in the beginning of 2011. Remarkable increasing of detection rate of PEDV in newborn piglet occurred in February 2011, which caused heavy economic loss. In conclusion, PRRSV, CSFV and PCV2 are still the key pathogens for prevention and control in Zhejiang; moreover, multiple infection and emergence of new virus mutant are one of main factors that contributes to the increasing complexity of porcine disease． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of controlledrelease coated urea on grain yields and nitrogen use efficiencies of rice under traditional flooding cultivation and nonflooded plastic film mulching cultivation YANG Jing;LIU Yan-ling;WU Liang-huan;*;CHEN Hong-kun 2012, 24(3):  0-372.  Abstract ( 599 )   PDF (1070KB) ( 1279 )   A field experiment was conducted to determine effects of controlledrelease coated urea on grain yields and nitrogen use efficiency of rice variety Xiushui 134 under traditional flooding cultivation and nonflooded plastic film mulching cultivation. The results showed that the rice grain yields of single basal application of sulfurpolyester resincoated urea (SPCU 100%)under the nonflooded mulching and traditional flooding cultivation were increased by 5.7 and 9.7% (P<0.05), respectively; whereas nitrogen use efficiencies of these two treatment were improved by 110.3% and 78.4% (P<0.05), respectively, compared to the normal urea PU100% (N 180 kg·hm-2). Agronomic nitrogen use efficiencies were also significantly increased. Grain yields of rice with same N fertilizer rates under nonflooded plastic mulching cultivation were not significantly higher than that under traditional flooding cultivation, except the PU 100% treatment, but the nitrogen use efficiency were significantly higher． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Cu treatment on the drought resistance of hybrid rice variety Byou 827 ZHANG Ling;YANG Guo-tao;XIE Chong-hua;HU Yun-gao;TANG Yun-lai;CHEN Yong-jun;TANG Li-qiong 2012, 24(3):  0-377.  Abstract ( 619 )   PDF (1126KB) ( 1128 )   Cu is an important indicator of heavy metal residues in soil and food testing. Simulating artificial drought conditions, rice of booting stage was watered by CuSO4 solution to study the effect of Cu on the drought resistance of hybrid rice and its residues in soil and rice grain.The results showed that the application of 50 mg·L-1 CuSO4 solution at the booting stage was better than that of the CK, the production increased by 52.7%, grain panicle increased by 37.5% and grain weight increased by 8.3%. Applying the right amount of Cu, Cu residue is not significant between rice and soil． Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment of rapid colony PCR method of Riemerellaan alipestifer JI Quan-an;LIU Yan;XIAO Chen-wen;WEI Qiang;HUO Cui-mei;BAO Gu-|lian;* 2012, 24(3):  0-391.  Abstract ( 521 )   PDF (1237KB) ( 1143 )   Riemerella anatipestifer disease could induce huge damage to the duck industry. It is necessary to establish fast simple and sensitive method due to the backward of present conventional methods. According to published OMPA ATCC strains OMPA gene sequence in GenBank, a pair of genespecific primers in a conservative region was designed by DNAstar software, PCR method was started initially from taking only one of Riemerella anatipestifer colony directly. Fifteen clinical isolated strains include RA1,2,10 and 11 as well as four reference strains include RA1,2,10 and 11 could be amplified the specific 670 bp fragments while E.coli, Pasteurella multocida were negative. Sensitivity test results showed that the PCR detection minimum limit was 80 Riemerellaan atipestifer CFU. The results of newly established colony PCR and conventional PCR method were the same, both could amplified the same band, it proved that the colony PCR method was deserved for further research and application． Related Articles | Metrics

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Comprehensive agronomic characters and quality analysis of Wenmai No.10 XU Li-kui;PAN Bin-rong;MEI Xi-xue;YUE Gao-hong;LIU Yong-an;*;ZHANG Zong-chen;ZHOU Zhi-hui; 2012, 24(3):  0-382.  Abstract ( 523 )   PDF (1130KB) ( 1199 )   Wheat varieties Zhemai No.1 and Zhemai No.2 were used as the control, the data of Wenmai No.10 in multiyear, multisite regional tests and demonstration were collected and analyzed. The results showed that the yield of Wenmai No.10 was 521% higher than that of Zhemai No.2, and the standard deviation and coefficient variation of the yield of Wenmai No.10 were 2.31 and 1.98% lower than Zhemai No.2, respectively. At the same time, the high stability coefficient of Wenmai No.10 was 558% higher than Zhemai No.2. Although the number of spike and grains per spike of Wenmai No.10 were a little (216% and 250%, respectively) lower than Zhemai No.2, its 1000grain weight was 10.03% higher than Zhemai No.2. On the other hand, the field disease index of Wenmai No.10 was 3.79 lower than Zhemai No.2, and the growth duration of this cultivar was 2.8 days shorter than Zhemai No.2. Furthermore, the crude protein and whole wheat gluten content of Wenmai No.10 were 1.7% and 3.7% higher than Zhemai No.1, respectively. All these showed that Wenmai No.10 was a cultivar with traits of high and stable yield, high quality, disease resistance and earlymaturing． Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of onestep realtime fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR assay for detection of porcine reproductory syndrome virus strains LU Bin;YUAN Xiu-fang;XU Li-hua;LI Jun-xing;GUO Yong;WANG Yi-cheng;* 2012, 24(3):  0-403.  Abstract ( 573 )   PDF (1643KB) ( 1256 )   To identify porcine reproductive and syndrome virus (PRRSV) rapidly using realtime RT-PCR technique, primers and TaqMan probe were designed based on the PRRSV sequence. The fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR assay for detection of PRRSV was established. Its specificity, sensitivity and stability were examined. The assay was also proven to be specific based on the results that no amplification was found by detecting RNA/DNA from PCV, JEV, SFV, PRV and PPV. 10 copies of template RNA or one TCID50 of PRRSV could be detected. The coefficient variation (CV%) of intra/interassay for same DNA sample was less than 1%. 72 samples were examined by the fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR and the conventional RTPCR respectively. 40 were detected to be infected with PRRSV by the realtime PCR, but only 28 were confirmed to be infected with PRRSV by conventional PCR. These results showed that the fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR assay was rapid, specific, sensitive and simple for the detection of PRRSV． Related Articles | Metrics

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Determination of cellular DNA content of Siniperca chuatsi and Erythroculter ilishaeformis XU Xiao-jun;DU Jian-ming;ZHANG Hai-qin*;ZHANG Xiao-hui 2012, 24(3):  0-395.  Abstract ( 501 )   PDF (1320KB) ( 1190 )   The cellular DNA contents of Siniperca chuatsi and Erythroculter ilishaeformis were studied using flow cytometry with Gallus domestics red blood cells as an internal / external standard. The results showed that the DNA contents of Siniperca chuatsi and Erythroculter ilishaeformis were 0.69 and 0.87 times of Gallus domestics, respectively. The absolute DNA contents were 1.74 pg/2C and 2.18 pg/2C, respectively． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of high light on PSⅡ in sweet cherry and the protective role of NaHSO3 and AsA JI Wei-wei;QIU Cui-hua;LI Sheng-hui;GUO Yan-ping;*;TENG Yuan-wen;* 2012, 24(3):  0-414.  Abstract ( 673 )   PDF (1299KB) ( 1112 )   Effects of different light intensity on chlorophyll fluorescence and the level of D1 protein in threeyearold sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) variety Xianfeng grafted on P. mahaleb L. were investigated. The accumulation of H2O2 in leaves treated with NaHSO3 and exogenous ROS scavenger ascorbic acid (AsA) was also studied. The results showed that maximal photochemical efficiency of PSⅡ (Fv/Fm), electron transport rate (ETR), quantum yield of PSⅡ (ΦPSⅡ), nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) declined, while initial fluorescence (Fo), photochemical quenching (qP) and the relative content of D1 protein had no obvious changes in leaves under 1 800 μmol·m-2·s-1 radiation for 6 h. Compared with the control (H2O), leaves treated with 5 mmol·L-1 NaHSO3 and 4 mmol·L-1 AsA had a less decline in Fv/Fm. These results indicated that the reduction in Fv/Fm was not a damage to the photosynthetic apparatus but a photoprotective strategy by downregulating of photosynthetic function in sweet berry under high light, and low concentrations of NaHSO3 and AsA solution could protect the PS Ⅱ against photodamage in cherry leaves． Related Articles | Metrics

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Screening of new environmentfriendly substrates for cucumber seedlings ZHOU Sheng-jun;ZHU Yu-qiang;CHEN Li-ping;ZHANG Peng;DAI Dan-li;CHEN Xin-juan* 2012, 24(3):  0-408.  Abstract ( 526 )   PDF (1538KB) ( 1089 )   The effect on cucumber seedlings of different nutrient content of new environmentfriendly substrates which were mainly composed of the fermentation products of crop straws was explored. The results showed that higher effective nitrogen content in seedling substrates was not conducive to cultivating strong seedlings, and the suitable content of the effective nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium before the fifth leaf emerged was 160, 950 and 3 600 mg·kg-1, respectively, and the effective phosphorus content should be increased to 1 700 mg·kg-1 after the fifth leaf emerged. These findings suggested that the use of crop straws fermentation products as the materials and sources of nutrients of substrates for cucumber seedling is feasible. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of exogenous NO on preservation in cut gerbera and its mechanism DU Xing-cui;REN Xue;YANG Yao;ZHANG Si-qing;GUO Qiao-hui;LAI Qi-xian;* 2012, 24(3):  0-444.  Abstract ( 599 )   PDF (1213KB) ( 1231 )   Using SNP as a donor of exogenous NO, cut gerbera variety Yangguanghaian was treated by vase solution of 0, 10, 100, 500 μmol·L-1 SNP. Meanwhile, the activities of antixoidase SOD, POD, CAT and the content of H2O2, MDA and soluble protein were investigated in petals. It showed that the vase life of cut gerbera was extended by 31.4% with the 100 μmol·L-1 SNP solution. The activities of SOD, POD, CAT and the concentration of soluble protein in petals increased. Meanwhile, the concentrations of H2O2, MDA were reduced by exogenous NO. In summary, the senescence of cut gerbera petals was delayed by exogenous NO in this study． Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of heterosis for agronomic traits in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis L.) at different environments YANG Jia-fu;RAO Li-bing;GU Hong-hui 2012, 24(3):  0-420.  Abstract ( 752 )   PDF (1081KB) ( 1136 )   An additivedominant genetic model with genotypeenvironment(GE) interaction was employed to heterosis analysis of head weight, head diameter, head height, maturity, plant height, plant spread width and leaf number in cauliflower, based on 2year data from 6×6 diallel crosses. The results indicated that the effect of environmental deviation of different years on agronomic traits of parents and F1 was less. The correlation between mean values of agronomic traits in F1 and parents mean values were significant. These traits could be improved by selection in early generations for head weight, head diameter, head height and maturity which were mainly affected by additive effects. However, the selection effects were prone to be affected by the dominance effects and genotype×environment interaction effects for plant height, plant spread width and leaf number. Therefore the improvement effects would be better for these traits by conducting selections in advanced generations. The total heterosis of head weight, plant height, plant spread width and leaf number was positive value and maturity was negative value for improvement of these traits breeding in cauliflower. There was only genotype×environment interaction heterosis detected for head diameter, the selection effects were easily affected by the various environments. There was no heterosis detected for head height. Related Articles | Metrics

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Antioxidative activity of flavonoids in fruit and leaf of Citrus Bergamot in vitro YANG Ji;LU Guo-quan;* 2012, 24(3):  0-424.  Abstract ( 589 )   PDF (1084KB) ( 1199 )   Citrus Bergamots fruit and leaf were used as materials for determination of flavonoids clearance of superoxide anion free radical, hydroxyl radical and DPPH radical in order to investigate the antioxidant capacity in vitro. The results showed that the scavenging capacity of DPPH radical of fruit and leaf flavonoids IC50 were 8.25 and 9.03 mg·L-1 respectively, which were lower than Vc and rutin. Their superoxide anion free radical scavenge capacity IC50 were 17.74 and 20.77 mg·L-1 respectively, which were higher than rutin, but lower than Vc. Their hydroxyl radical scavenge capacity IC50 were 17.06 and 15.86 mg·L-1 respectively, which were higher than Vc, and as much as rutin. The results of variance analysis showed that there is a significant difference in scavenging rate of superoxide anion free radical and hydroxyl radical among different concentrations of fruit and leaf flavonoids. With the increasing concentration of fruit and leaf flavonoids in the reaction solution, the scavenging rate of superoxide anion free radical showed an increasing trend. But when the concentration reached a certain one, the increasing trend of scavenging rate became slower. The best dose for scavenging hydroxyl radical of fruit and leaf flavonoids was 18 mg·L-1． Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes of several extracellular enzyme activities of Flammulina velutipes during its growth and development FENG Wei-lin;CAI Wei-ming*;JIN Qun-li;FAN Li-jun;SHEN Ying-yue;SONG Ting-ting;TIAN Fang-fang 2012, 24(3):  0-433.  Abstract ( 540 )   PDF (1336KB) ( 1355 )   Changes of five extracellular enzymes activity(carboxymethyl cellulose, hemicellulase, laccase, neutral proteinase and acid phosphatase) of Flammulina velutipes were investigated during its growth and development. The results showed that the activity curves of extracellular enzyme during the growth and development showed markedly periodic style. Carboxymethyl cellulose activity was relatively low during the mycelial vegetative growth phase but it reached 11-43 U after primordium formation. Hemicellulase activity was the highest of 8-13 U during the harvest phase. Laccase activity was relatively high during mycelial growth phase and decreased to 0-15 U after primordium formation. Neutral proteinase activity remained constant during mycelial vegetative growth phase, decreased to relatively low levels before primordium formation, and increased again during the fruit body growth phase. Acid phosphatase activity decreased with mycelium culture, but increased sharply after development formation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Response of phytoplankton to solar UVR in Nanao Island, Shantou WEN Wei-li;GUAN Wan-chun* 2012, 24(3):  0-429.  Abstract ( 477 )   PDF (1277KB) ( 1132 )   In order to know the effects of solar UV radiation (280-400 nm) on coastal phytoplankton in Nanao, Shantou, the relationship between photosynthetic carbon fixation and solar radiation were examined under full spectrum solar radiation or filtering out UVR or UV-B. The biological weighting function (BWF) was checked. It was found that solar UVR suppressed the photosynthetic carbon fixation. However, the less inhibition was detected when solar UVR or UV-B were cutoff. The most serious inhibition was observed under the 100% whole solar radiation. The BWF showed that phytoplankton was more sensitive to UV-B than UV-A. Related Articles | Metrics

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Degradation behavior and safely applying technology of azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin in cucumber HONG Wen-ying;WU Yan-jun;ZHANG Hu;QIAN Ming-rong;CHEN Rui 2012, 24(3):  0-475.  Abstract ( 687 )   PDF (1120KB) ( 1476 )   To determine the changes in residue and environmental safety of azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin applied on cucumber under greenhouse conditions, the residue dynamics and final residues of azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin in cucumber was comparatively analyzed in field experiment. Meanwhile, a safe application method of the pesticides was explored to provide a guideline for application of azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin in field, and to refine and update the residue data while helping to determine the harvest interval. The results showed that the halflives of azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin in cucumber were 2.818-2.925 d and 2.204-2.638 d, when they were applied one time at the recommended dosage and double dosage. The final residue of pyraclostrobin and azoxystrobin were affected by the application concentration and application times, thus the residual risk was positively correlated with the application dosage and application times. The halflives of pyraclostrobin were shorter than that of azoxystrobin, which implied that pyraclostrobin in cucumber was faster degraded with lower residue at the same sampling interval period. With 2 or 3 application times of the recommended concentration for azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobins in cucumber, the postharvest interval was suggested to be 3 days, which should be appropriately extended with the raising pesticide concentration． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of aqueous extracts of Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. Pubescens on seed germination and seedling growth of Festuca arundinacea LIANG Qian-qian;BAI Shang-bin;*;ZHOU Guo-mo;WANG Yi-xiang;LIAO Juan 2012, 24(3):  0-439.  Abstract ( 604 )   PDF (1207KB) ( 1345 )   Allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts of Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. Pubescens on seed germination and seedling growth of Festuca arundinacea were determined. Three types of aqueous extracts (stem and leaf, litter, mould) and three concentration gradients (0.10, 0.05, 0.02 g·mL-1) were used as different treatments, while distilled water was used as the control. The results showed that all of the aqueous extracts of Phyllostachys heterocycla cv. Pubescens influenced the growth indices of seed germination and seedling growth. The germination rate, germination energy, germination index and root length were significantly inhibited. Meanwhile, the vigor index, seeding height and dry weight was inhibited at higher concentration and enhanced at lower concentration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different preservative treatments on oxidase activity and quality of sweet cherry CHEN Mao-quan;ZHU Xiang-qiu 2012, 24(3):  0-448.  Abstract ( 525 )   PDF (1151KB) ( 1176 )   To determine the effect of different preservatives on the storage and oxidase activity of sweet cherry, sweet cherry (Prunus avium var. Summit) was treated by dipping into benziothiazolinone (1 000 mg·L-1), lysozyme (500 mg·L-1), lysozyme (500 mg·L-1)+NPS polysaccharide (5 000 mg·L-1) and water for 5 min, respectively. Nontreated sweet cherry was set as the control. Then all the sweet cherry was put into PE bag of 3 mm thick and kept at (-0.5±0.5)℃. The results showed that the dehydrogenase (MDH) activity in the benziothiazolinone treatment reached its highest peak at the 14th day, and the MDH activity in the treatments of lysozyme (500 mg·L-1), lysozyme (500 mg·L-1)+NPS polysaccharide (5 000 mg·L-1) and water started to increase at the 20th day. The POD activities of all the treatments decreased during the experiment. The PPO activities of all treatments increased to the highest peak at the 14th day, except for the water treatment which decreased consistently. The PPO activities of all treatments decreased after the 14th day and increased at the 21st day. The titratable acid contents of the preservatives treatments were higher than both water treatment and the control. There was no significant difference in soluble solid content among all the five treatments. The proportions of nonrotten sweet cherry of the preservatives treatments were higher than water treatment and the control. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preliminary study on roof agriculture LI Bo-jun;SUN Chong-bo;QI Xing-jiang;LIU Xiao-li;XIANG Lin;LIN Guo-you;WU Zhi-wei 2012, 24(3):  0-454.  Abstract ( 669 )   PDF (1093KB) ( 1411 )   The roof cultivation experiments were carried out in several places with different crops including grain, vegetables, melon and fruits. The results showed that most crops had good yields when grown on the flat or sloping roofs with thin or thick layer of soil. In conclusion, it is feasible to plant crops on roof and there was no essential difference in roof agriculture and land agriculture． Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of chitosan on the mycelium growth and metabolism enzymes in Lentinula edodes YAN Xun-you;SHI Zhen-xia;YANG Jing;WU Zhi-yan;* 2012, 24(3):  0-458.  Abstract ( 633 )   PDF (1150KB) ( 1179 )   Lentinula edodes was used as the material to investigate the effect of chitosan on its growth and metabolism under bag cultivation. The results showed that when the chitosan concentration was 100 and 500 mg·kg-1, the mycelium grew fast and thickly, and showed significant difference from the control. The activities of CMC enzyme, FP enzyme, amylase, POD enzyme and peroxidase isozyme were the highest in the rapid growing period of the mycelium, and showed significant differences compared with the control. The concentration of 100 and 500 mg·kg-1 of chitosan were the best concentrations for the bag cultivation of Lentinula edodes． Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on aerobic composting of sewage sludge mixed with pig manure CHEN Ruo-xia;JIN Shu-quan;*;ZHOU Jin-bo;LIN Bin;WANG Yao-de 2012, 24(3):  0-489.  Abstract ( 532 )   PDF (1194KB) ( 1161 )   Aerobic composting was carried out with 3 different volume ratios of sewage sludge, pig manure and sawdust. The results showed that three treatments all can realize harmlessness, minimization and recycling. According to the pile temperature, pH and moisture content, former 16 d was the fast reaction stage, and after that was rotten stage. The results of total nitrogen and germination index showed that nitrogen loss of pile C was the least with the volume ratio of sewage sludge, pig manure and sawdust as 55%∶22.5%∶22.5%, and the rotten degree of pile C was the highest in three piles． Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimization of fermentation conditions of biocontrol strain Col-68 Colletotrichum hanaui against Digitaria sanguinalis ZHAO Mei-na;QIU Hai-ping;JIANG Hua;ZHANG Zhen;MAO Xue-qin;WANG Jiao-yu;CHAI Rong-yao;DU Xinfa;WANG Yan-li;*;SUN Guo-chang;* 2012, 24(3):  0-463.  Abstract ( 518 )   PDF (1182KB) ( 1166 )   Optimization of four parameters, including initial total sugar concentration, carbon source, nitrogen source and carbonnitrogen ratio (C/N), was surveyed by using single factor experiment for the optimal production of sporulation of biocontrol strain Col-68 and the increasing activity of fermentation filtrate against Digitaria Sanguinalis root growth. The optimal fermentation medium was as follows：the optimal carbon source was surcose, the optimal nitrogen source was nitrate nitrogen, carbonnitrogen ratio was 2.5∶1.0, and an initial total sugar concentration between of 30～50 g·L-1. The suitable fermentation conditions were as follows:initial pH 7.0, temperature 28℃, medium volume 120 mL·300 mL-1, inoculum volume 5% (v/v), for 10 day. In such optimal nutrition and environmental conditions, the maximum sporulation and herbicidal activity of fermentation filtrate of were obtained. The results also showed that the inhibition of fermentation filtrate of the strain Col-68 to Digitaria Sanguinalis root growth was significantly higher than the sprout． Related Articles | Metrics

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Spatial distribution pattern and sampling technique of Sclerotinia stem rot of oilseed rape in low incidence ZHU Jin-liang;CHEN Yue;WANG Guang-hua;WANG Hua-di;ZHU Zeng-rong;* 2012, 24(3):  0-468.  Abstract ( 572 )   PDF (1094KB) ( 1182 )   The spatial distribution patterns and sampling technique of oilseed rape stem rot disease in oilseed rape crop Brassica campestris were surveyed and analyzed through index formulae, Taylor and Iwao regression formulations. The results showed that incidence of the stem rot was mainly in aggregation distribution, but the level of aggregation was low, and the spatial distribution patterns belonged to random and uniform distribution in few fields. In the low incidence of the disease, the spatial distribution pattern was inclined to random and uniform pattern. Theoretical sampling size decreased as quantity of infected plants of S. sclerotioum increased. In addition, the optimum theoretical sampling size of the infested rape plants could be obtained from the formula n2=103.33/m-0.86, in which m is the mean number of rot stems in a sampling unit (10 plants in a continuous growing line). Related Articles | Metrics

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Control effects of soil disinfectants and fungicides on soilborne disease in strawberry TONG Ying-fu;YANG Xiao-fang;LIAO Yi-min;ZHANG Yu-chao;JIANG Gui-hua;* 2012, 24(3):  0-480.  Abstract ( 715 )   PDF (1078KB) ( 1320 )   Three kinds of soil disinfectants and fungicides were used in the strawberry nursery and cultivation land, and its control effect on strawberry soilborne diseases, plantlet raise and strawberry production were tested. The results showed that the three soil disinfectants had significantly reduced the disease incidence of strawberry anthracnose and fusarium wilt both in nursery and cultivation land. Chloropicrin and dazomet had the better inhibitory effects. The number of plantlets and fruit production treated with chloropicrin increased 11.23% and 14.78%, respectively. The disease incidence of anthrax was also significantly reduced after application of six kinds of fungicides. The anthracnose incidence of control treatment was 89.3%, while the 75% tebuconazole·trifloxystrobin WG dilution with 3 000 times and 43% tebuconazole SC dilution with 5 000 times had the disease incidence of 4.0%. And the control efficiency was as high as 98.41% and 98.54%, respectively． Related Articles | Metrics

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Identification and isolation of root rot pathogen of Cucuminum cyminum L． LIU Shu-juan;CHEN Xiu-rong;*;YUAN Hong-bo 2012, 24(3):  0-485.  Abstract ( 545 )   PDF (1253KB) ( 1214 )   Diseased roots of root rot were selected and pathogen of Cucuminum cyminum L., Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani(mart.) Sacc., Rhizoctonia sp. and a kind of unknown pathogen belonged to Deuteromycotina were isolated and identified. After the wound inoculation, the incidence of root rot diseases of a kind of unknown pathogen, which belonged to Deuteromycotina, showed a higher value of 70.0%, F. oxysporum, F. solani and Rhizoctonia were 50.9%, 43.2%and 11.0%, respectively. The incidence of root rot diseases of its mixture inoculation was 97.4%. The test of isolation and identification of the pathogen and pathogenecity showed that the root rot of Cucuminum cyminum L. was caused by a complex infection of F. oxysporum, F. solani, Rhizoctonia and a kind of unknown pathogen belonged to Deuteromycotina． Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on charactetistics of adsorption of As(Ⅲ) by ferrihydrite CUI Hui-ying;LIANG Cheng-hua*;DU Li-yu;WANG Nan 2012, 24(3):  0-493.  Abstract ( 511 )   PDF (1265KB) ( 1606 )   The present study measured the adsorption and desorption isotherms of As(Ⅲ) on the ferrihydrite surface and determined the effects of ferrihydrite dosages, temperatures and pH on As(Ⅲ) adsorption and desorption. The results showed that Langmuir and Freundlich equations could well describe the relationship between adsorption amount and the original concentration of As (Ⅲ). The maximum adsorption rate of As (Ⅲ) by ferrihydrite was 99.5%. The adsorption amounts and adsorption rates at 35℃ were greater than at 25℃. The pH of the solution had great effects on the adsorption of As(Ⅲ). The maximum adsorption rate of As(Ⅲ) was obtained at pH=8． Related Articles | Metrics

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Transesterification of immobilized lipase powder to produce biodiesel LI Jing;WANG Yan;YANG Shan-hu;LI Lin 2012, 24(3):  0-498.  Abstract ( 537 )   PDF (1334KB) ( 1298 )   In transesterification experiment with lipase by two programs of transesterification, we found that in program I the transesterificaiton efficiency reached 90.15% while 52.51% in program II. Then we used diatomite and chitosan to immobilize lipase powder, followed by transesterification in program I. The methyl ester conversion rate of lipase immobilized with diatomite was higher than that with chitosan. Through the recycle transesterification experiment we found that the transesterification efficiency of lipase immobilized with diatomite and chitosan gradually reduced with the increase of cycling, in which the transesterification efficiency showed good correlation with hydrolysis activity． Related Articles | Metrics

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Study on preparation of natural chicken flavor seasoning by Maillard reaction XIAO Chao-geng;TANG Hong-gang;CHEN Li-hong 2012, 24(3):  0-502.  Abstract ( 608 )   PDF (1292KB) ( 1569 )   In this study, natural chicken flavor seasoning was prepared by Maillard reaction using chicken bone paste enzymatic hydrolysate and other precursors. Orthogonal test design was applied to obtain the optimal reacting conditions. The results showed that, after heating the mixture of basic components, 0.2% alanine, 0.6% DL-methionine, 0.2% cysteine hydrochloride, 0.4% L-cysteine, 7% glucose and 7% saccharose for 120 min under 100℃,a natural chicken flavor seasoning possessing good taste was obtained． Related Articles | Metrics

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Dielectric properties of tea leaves YAN Jian-wei;NIU Su-zhen;YIN Jie;SONG Qin-fei;HE Lin;* 2012, 24(3):  0-516.  Abstract ( 809 )   PDF (1080KB) ( 1195 )   The dielectric properties of tea leaves were measured with precision TH2816B inductance capacitance resistance (LCR) meter over a temperature range of 20-60℃ and a frequency span of 10-200 kHz. The results showed that the relative dielectric constant decreased linearly with increasing frequency, but the dielectric loss factor decreased and then increased slightly. The relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor both increased with increasing temperature between 20℃ and 60℃ and moisture content (5.3%,7.6%, 10.2%, 13.8%, 16.0%, 20.0%, 25.0%) at given 200 kHz frequency. Related Articles | Metrics

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Integration of GIS data and onboard realtime water quality monitoring MA Xiao-xue;JI Xiao-liang;LI Jun;HU Hao;MEI Kun;RANDY Dahlgren;SHANG Xu;ZHANG Ming-hua;* 2012, 24(3):  0-508.  Abstract ( 577 )   PDF (2264KB) ( 1288 )   Routine monitoring at fixed sites can not represent temporal and spatial water quality patterns of a river system thoroughly. An integration of GIS data and onboard realtime water quality monitoring might be useful to obtain detailed information of water pollution continuously. The water quality measurement results of standard method and realtime monitoring method were highly correlated in our study, so that validating the reliability of onboard monitoring. In situ investigation in a division of WenRui Tang river network showed remarkable resolution of water quality characteristics has been described by onboard realtime water quality monitoring, so that facilitating monitor on dispersed point pollution sources. The integration of GIS data and onboard realtime water quality monitoring can be compensation to fixed sites routine monitoring． Related Articles | Metrics

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Image segmentation method of plant leaves based on mathematical morphology WANG Ping;TANG Jiang-feng;WANG Bo;WANG Li-di* 2012, 24(3):  0-513.  Abstract ( 536 )   PDF (1614KB) ( 1647 )   Conventional edge operators are linear filtering method. Mathematical morphology, a methodology of nonlinear filters, can maintain the basic shape of image characteristics. It has been widely used in many fields of image processing. Only using edge detection operators or morphological processing could not obtain ideal segmentation effect. According to the results of inspection edge operator, for morphological filtering, mathematics morphological operation, then the different structure elements of plant leaves were selected repeatedly for testing edge information. The quantitative analysis but not the traditional method of experiments results showed that the edge detection was an effective method based on the division of the morphology. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on breeding and utilization of oilused Camellia L． WEI Jia;CHEN Xiao-long;SUN Hua;SHEN Guo-xin;* 2012, 24(3):  0-540.  Abstract ( 850 )   PDF (1117KB) ( 1694 )   Genus Camellia L. is a woodoil species which has a very long cultivated history in southern China. In the article, research progresses of C. oleifera breeding including selecting,breeding and molecular markerassisted selection/ breeding were reviewed. Nutritive/chemical composition of C. oleifera oil was evaluated. Processing method and processing techniques of C. oleifera oil were summarized.Comprehensive utilization of its byproducts was introduced. Finally, the application prospect of the nonedible Camellia oils used in the bioenergy industry was discussed． Related Articles | Metrics

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Problems and countermeasures existing in the development of modern agriculture service industry in underdeveloped areas in Zhejiang Province XIAO Jian-zhong;LEI Tao 2012, 24(3):  0-522.  Abstract ( 567 )   PDF (1076KB) ( 1274 )   The modern agriculture service industry has its irreplaceable special significance in developing agricultural economy, promoting agricultural efficiency and farmers income and so on. This paper put forward its connotation and studied its present situation in Lishui city, the lessdeveloped areas in Zhejiang Province. The author found that it faced an internal structural imbalance, the imperfect input mechanism, the unsound incentives and many other issues in underdeveloped areas. By the analysis of issues, the author offered the proposal of a sound diversely agriculture technology service system and provided a useful reference for less developed regions to develop modern agricultural services faster and better. Related Articles | Metrics

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Circulation system of agricultural products in South Korea ZHU Lin;KWON sung-ku 2012, 24(3):  0-532.  Abstract ( 568 )   The circulation subject constitutes, transactional model and circulation mechanism of three circulation phases including origin market, wholesale market and consumer market of agricultural products circulation system in South Korean were analyzed. Furthermore, the experiences of the agricultural products circulation system in South Korean were used for reference for developing China agricultural products circulation system． Related Articles | Metrics

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Linking analysis of urbanization of rural land and rural population TIAN Fu-qiang 2012, 24(3):  0-527.  Abstract ( 586 )   PDF (1066KB) ( 1350 )   In order to solve the livelihood issues behind the urbanization of rural land and population, land indicators and population indicators were linked to promote the urbanization system, which took the lead pilot in the developed areas. The system contents were as follows:establishing the system platform for soil ticket, combining the construction land limit for rural population with their flowliving districts without breaking the red line in the context of arable land, assigning the construction land limit to the city which solved the urbanization of rural population, encouraging the city to arrange the labors who brought the construction land limit to the government, encouraging the synchronization between population and land urbanization, solving the financial deficit of the public fund for the rural population. This institutional innovation will promote the overall interests of the relevant subjects． Related Articles | Metrics