Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis

Combining ability of major agronomic traits for six photosensitive japonica sterile lines

XIE Liu\|jie;PAN Xiao\|biao;HUANG Shan\|jun

2013, 25(6): 0-1176.

Abstract ( 477 )

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The combining ability of ten major agronomic characters of F1 derived from 6 photosensitive japonica sterile lines and 6 japonica restorer lines was studied by incomplete diallel cross （NC II） design. The results showed that proportions of variance components for all agronomic traits were significant at 1% level. GCA （general combining ability） played a major role for panicle length， 1000\|grain weight， spikelets per panicle， filled grains per panicle， seed setting rate，dates from sowing to heading and flag leaf length. Grain weight per plant， plant height and effective panicles per plant were mainly controlled by SCA （special combining ability）. No necessary connection between parental general combining ability and cross special combining ability was found. For sterile lines， Jia60A， Zhejing4A and Taijing1A were ideal parents， and HT236， HT214 and HT88 were recommendable restorer lines.

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Variety comparison experiment on Salvia splendens in spring

LI Chun\|nan;FU Qiao\|juan;CHEN Yi

2013, 25(6): 0-1287.

Abstract ( 274 )

PDF (528KB) ( 847 )

The variety comparison experiment on 10 Salvia splendens varieties was carried out during 2011 in Hangzhou， Zhejiang province. The results showed that there was significant difference in growth period， botanical characteristics， ornamental characteristics and heat resistance among these varieties. Overall， imported varieties grew faster， but the flowering period of domestic varieties were generally longer， and their heat resistance was better than the imported varieties. In summary， the domestic varieties Shenzhouhong and Sainuoer， the imported varieties Vista Red and Emperor are more suitable for local climate in spring in Hangzhou.

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Comparison of leaf tissue structure and chemical composition of taboccos cultivated in different soil types

2013, 25(6): 0-1182.

Abstract ( 297 )

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explore the reasons for the varied aroma among 3 kinds of flue\|cured tobaccos cultivated in different soil types in Nanxiong， namely purple soil， sandy paddy soil and cows liver soil， the tissue structure during plant growth， contents of major alkaloids and routine compounds in the middle leaves of flue\|cured tobacco Yueyan 98 were compared. It was shown that the palisade tissue of tobacco cultivated in purple soil became thicker earlier than the others. The palisade tissue thickened fast first and then turned slowly for tobaccos in sandy paddy soil. Tobaccos grown in cows liver soil showed the highest thickness of palisade tissue， sponge tissue and leaf at maturity， although the increase initiated rather late. In the flue\|cured tobacco leaves （C3F）， the content of total sugar and reducing sugar decreased as the order sandy paddy soil > cows liver soil > purple soil， while the ratio of sugar to nicotine was the contrary. Tobaccos in sandy paddy soil possessed the highest anatabine content and the lowest anabasine， while， the highest nornicotine content and the lowest anatabine was shown in tobaccos in cows liver soil. Compared with the others， tobaccos cultivated in purple soil exhibited the lowest nornicotine yet the highest anabasine and the nicotine content， and therefore was suitable for the production of flue\|cured tobacco with strong fragrance.

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Optimization of main factors and relevant conditions affecting soybean Agrobacterium\|mediated transformation system

2013, 25(6): 0-1188.

Abstract ( 401 )

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In this study， we optimized main factors （genotypes， explants, etc） affecting soybean Agrobacterium\|mediated transformation system by comparing GUS transient expression rate with embryonic tip， cotyledonary node and hypocotyl of Zhechun No.3， Huachun No.6 and 0428. The results showed GUS transient expression rate of the three soybean genotypes was low in the embryonic tip transformation system and tufty shoots showed no expression. Using the hypocotyl transformation system， the maximum expression rate of Zhechun No.3， Huachun No.6 and 0428 in tufty shoots was 4392%， 5445%， and 5847%， respectively, after 5 days of germination and 3 co\|culture days. Using the cotyledonary node transformation system（5\|day germination），the optimal co\|culture time for Zhechun No.3， Huachun No.6 and 0428 were 5， 4， and 4 days respectively and the maximum expression rate of Zhechun No.3， Huachun No.6 and 0428 in tufty shoots was 2305%， 1379%， and 478%， respectively. The germination time of cotyledonary node transformation system was further optimized using Zhechun No.3. The results showed that both gene expression and shoot induction increased dramatically in 3 germination days compared to 5 germination days.

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Dynamic changes of seed germinability and dormancy characteristic in tobacco

2013, 25(6): 0-1193.

Abstract ( 441 )

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Seed germinability of NC55， NC297， G28， MS Yunyan85 and MS Yunyan87 were measured after harvest to determine the dormant period of seeds of different tobacco varieties. Results showed that seeds of NC55 had short\|term dormancy about 10 days during the experiment. Dormancy had not been found in seeds of other cultivars. The results indicated that short\|term dormancy could be related to the varieties， thus， the seeds for field production should be selected according to the dormancy character of the varieties.

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Comprehensive evaluation of weak light tolerance of ornamental sweetpotato cultivars with main factor analysis

ZHOU Ya\|qian;LU Guo\|quan

2013, 25(6): 0-1201.

Abstract ( 287 )

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This article attempts to screen the quantitative indices of weak light tolerance in ornamental sweetpotato cultivars. Nine physiological indices of 6 ornamental sweetpotato cultivars were tested， and the weak light tolerance of the various ornamental sweetpotato cultivars were evaluated with subordinate function analysis of fuzzy mathematics. The results showed that we can screen the ornamental sweet potato varieties rapidly and effectively with low\|light sensitivity coefficient. The six ornamental sweetpotato varieties had different tolerance to the low light. The sweetpotato showed big differences in the resilience stability under different stress. Margaret and Black Beauty were better varieties which showed higher resistance to low\|light and had resilience to stress to some degree， but the growth of Caroline Bronze was poor in low light.

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Correlation analysis between nucleotide polymorphism of the VIPR\|1 and broodiness in black muscovy duck

2013, 25(6): 0-1206.

Abstract ( 400 )

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As a critical candidate gene of poultry broodiness， intron 12 of the vasoactive intestinal peptide\|1（VIPR\|1） gene of black muscovy ducks was analyzed by PCR\|RFLP. The results indicated that there was a site of AfaⅠ digestion within intron 12 of VIPR\|1 gene. An C→T mutation at the site 902 bp of this gene was detected by DNA sequencing which produced three sorts of genotypes CC， TT and CT， and showed genotype frequencies of CC（18）， TT（40） and CT（18） in brooding black muscovy ducks， rather than CC（32）， TT（40） and CT（42） in laying black muscovy ducks. By chi\|square test， there were significantly differences （P＜005） between broodiness black muscovy ducks and laying black muscovy ducks in genotypes. This indicated that C902T mutation in intron 12 of VIPR\|1 gene was significantly associated with broodiness of black muscovy ducks.

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Construction of piglet diarrhea regulation network involved with MUC13 gene

2013, 25(6): 0-1224.

Abstract ( 359 )

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This study developed a regulation network of piglets diarrhea in which MUC13 gene participated and made an assay of gene functional annotation clustering. Firstly， 10 MUC13\|associated proteins were generated through STRING 90 （MUC4， MUC20， LRCH3， FLJ33471， ACK， ZDHHC19， CTPCT， APOD， Msp， CD71）. Secondly， using the 10 MUC13\|associated proteins， we developed a regulation network of piglets diarrhea in which MUC13 gene participated， which included MUC13， MUC4， MUC1， MUC2， MUC3， TFF3， NOD1， TNFSF10， FGFR1， CDH2 genes. Finally， with DAVID bioinformatics resources， we made an assay of gene functional annotation clustering， and found specific functional annotations terms included domain: SEA， extracellular region， transmembrane protein， so we speculated that the specific structure of the MUC13 determined MUC13 had a specific function in the development process of piglet diarrhea. The network constructed in this study has certain authenticity and can be used for describing molecular interactions in the occurrence and development of piglet diarrhea， which is important to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of diarrhea occurrence.

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Effects of different additives on performance of laying hens

QIAO Fu\|qiang;QIAO Li\|min;YAO Hua;*

2013, 25(6): 0-1219.

Abstract ( 356 )

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The objective of this study was to approach the effect of different additives on performance of laying hens. One thousand five hundred 280\|day\|old healthy Hyline laying hens were randomly divided to five treatments with five replicates for each and sixty hens in each replicate. The control group was fed with the corn\|soybean meal based diet， and the treated groups were added by 0015% hydroxytetracline， 001% microeco\|preparation， 01% Chinese herbal medicine extractive， and 5% biologic complex mixture on the basis of the control group respectively. We investigated the effect of different additives on performance and egg quality of laying hens for 30 days. The results showed that the groups added with microecologics， Chinese herbal medicine， and complex mixture significantly increased egg quantity and egg weight， improved the contents of cholesterin， ash， protein and the egg thickness. The results indicated that basal diet added by 5% biologic complex mixture can increase the performance of laying hens and showed a better egg quality.

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Fusion expression of Silkie Cathelicidins genes in Escherichia coli and detection of their antibacterial activity

2013, 25(6): 0-1214.

Abstract ( 321 )

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Cathelicidins comprise a family of antimicrobial peptides sharing a highly conserved cathelin domain， they play a critical role in the innate immune system of chicken. In order to investigate the antibacterial activity of recombinant Cathelicidins， the putative mature peptide coding fragments of CathL\|1， CathL\|2， CathL\|3 genes were amplified from the plasmid pMD\|CathL containing Cathelicidins cDNA sequences， and then subcloned into pET\|30a（+） plasmid respectively. The recombinant vectors named pET30\|CathL1S， pET30\|CathL2S and pET30\|CathL3S were transformed into the competent cell of E.coli Rosetta（DE3）. The positive clones were cultured and induced to express target protein by addition of 10 mmol·L-1 IPTG in LB. SDS\|PAGE and Western blot analysis demonstrated that cathelicidins genes were expressed in the form of fusion protein， and the apparent molecular weight of expression products were 70 kD， 80 kD， 75 kD， respectively. The recombinant Cathelicidins were able to kill both Gram negative bacteria and Gram positive bacteria by the means of agar well diffusion assay （AWDA）， especially for the antibiotic\|resistant strains.

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Effect of spraying Chinese herbal medicine in the pigpen on the diarrhea occurrence of early weanling piglets

2013, 25(6): 0-1227.

Abstract ( 323 )

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From the viewpoint of improving the external environment， this test explored the prevention effect of spraying Chinese herbal medicine in the pigpen on the diarrhea occurrence of early weanling piglets. Sixty\|four weanling piglets with 28 days of age were chosen， randomly divided into two groups: control group raised in conventional pigpens， and experimental group raised in the pigpen spraying Chinese herbal medicine at regular intervals. The results showed that diarrhea occurrence rate and feed conversion rate of experimental group were 4063 percentage points （P<005） and 85% （P<005） lower than those of control group， while daily gain and feed intake of experimental group was 135% （P<005） and 35% （P<005） higher than those of control group， respectively. This test showed that spraying Chinese herbal medicine in the pigpen at regular intervals could greatly reduce diarrhea occurrence rate and improve growth performance of early weaned piglets.

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Effects of enrofloxacin injection on the hepatic phase Ⅰand Ⅱ enzyme activities of Chinese soft\|shelled turtles， Pelodiscus sinensis

ZHOU Fan;LIN Ling;HE Feng;*;DING Xue\|yan;XUE Hui\|li;XYU Yong\|bin

2013, 25(6): 0-1233.

Abstract ( 298 )

PDF (727KB) ( 878 )

The effects of enrofloxacin injection （015mg·g-1） on the phaseⅠand phase Ⅱ enzyme activities in liver of Chinese soft\|shelled turtles， Pelodiscus sinensis were investigated in the present study. The sampling interval time were chosen at the initial stages， and 1 h， 2 h， 6 h， 12 h， 24 h， 2 d， 5 d and 10 d after injection， respectively. The results showed that the phaseⅠenzymes APND， ERND and EROD activities were all inhibited by enrofloxacin throughout the trial. The APND activity tended to recover firstly and then decreased significantly， the lowest value was observed in 10 d. ERND activity showed a decline tendency， the inhibition ratio increased significantly at 24 h and then became stable thereafter. The inhibition effect on EROD activity was much stronger at first 12 h. The GSTs activity and MDA content were both induced after enrofloxacin injection， the maximum level occurred at 2 h and 5 d， respectively. In conclusion， the present study indicated that the hepatic phaseⅠandⅡ enzyme of P. sinensis were sensitive parameters to use as biomarkers for evaluating the exposure to aquatic drugs.

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Comparison of performances among three different strawberry stereoscopic cultivation systems

ZHANG Yyu\|chao;YANG Xiao\|fang;MIAO Li\|xiang;JIANG Gui\|hua*

2013, 25(6): 0-1292.

Abstract ( 444 )

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Three different stereoscopic cultivation systems including single\|layer frame system， double\|layer frame system and multi\|layer frame system were used for studying the advantages and disadvantages of their performances on structural feature， lighting distribution， yield and cost. The results showed that the single\|layer frame system is a perfect labor\|saving system， and the double\|layer frame system is the most cost\|effective and affordable system， while the multi\|layer frame system is best for tourist harvest with its multi\|layer structure， high plant density and yield.

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SRAP analysis of wolfberry germplasms

AN Wei;WANG Ya\|jun;YIN Yue;LUO Qing;SHI Zhi\|gang;ZHAO Jian\|hua

2013, 25(6): 0-1237.

Abstract ( 337 )

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The genetic relationship of 29 wolfberry germplasms were analyzed by the technology of genomic DNA\|SRAP markers and the NTSYS average similarity cluster analysis. The results showed that 19 bands were amplified using 5 pairs of primers， 14 of which were polymorphic bands， and polymorphic rate was 7668%. The cluster analysis showed that all germplasms were classified into 3 groups， 5 groups and 15 groups according to different coefficient of 074， 083， and 091.The genetic diversity of wolfberry germplasms is very ample at the molecular level. Lycium ruthenicum is farther from other wolfberry germplasms in the genetic distance. It is showed that the technology of SRAP markers can be applied to identification of germplasm and analysis of genetic relationship in wolfberry.a

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Temperature variation of underlying surface of tea plantation under late frost

HU Yong\|guang;MAO Kang\|qian;ZHU Xiao\|lan

2013, 25(6): 0-1242.

Abstract ( 233 )

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During early spring， early\|maturing superior tea tends to suffer severe late frost damage. Temperature variation of underlying surface of tea plantation was studied under late frost in order to develop frost protection methods and technologies. On the basis of analysis on the microclimate of tea fields and late frost occurrence， experiments were conducted to measure the air temperature within 12 m high above the tea canopy. The spatial\|temporal distribution of air temperature and the influence of different weather conditions on frost occurrence were analyzed. The results showed that the radiation frost was prone to occur with thermal inversion during clear spring night when air temperature was around 0℃ and wind speed was less than 05 m·s-1. But there was no frost during rainy or cloudy nights or when the wind speed was above 20 m·s-1. Thermal inversion appeared around 17：30 and inversion intensity increased rapidly. The maximum inversion difference was up to 99℃. The variation of inversion intensity was relatively stable during 20∶00-6∶00 with the average volatility of 141%. Then inversion intensity weakened sharply， and thermal inversion almost disappeared around 8：00. Air temperature near ground was clearly stratified vertically. The temperature rising rate within 0-30 m and 60-75 m high was 151 and 158 ℃·m-1， which was greater， but was unremarkable within the height of 30-60 m and 75-120 m. Therefore， 60-75 m would be the optimal height for the installation of frost protection fans.

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Numerical taxonomy and principal component analysis of pummelo germplasm in Hunan Province

LI Xian\|xin;YANG Ying\|hua;ZOU Xue\|xiao;DENG Zi\|niu;*

2013, 25(6): 0-1249.

Abstract ( 292 )

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Q\|cluster analysis and R\|cluster analysis were used to examine the 37 morphological characteristics of flower and fruit of 47 pummelo cultivars in Hunan Province， and the 37 morphological characteristics were analyzed with principal component analysis of SPSS 170 software. The results showed that the 47 pummelo cultivars could be classified into 6 groups based on Q\|cluster analysis， and the 37 morphological characteristics could be divided into 6 groups as well according to R\|cluster analysis. The principal component analysis showed that 37 morphological characteristics could be integrated into 12 principal components（PC） and their additive contributing rate amounted to 8158%， and 32 major discriminating characteristics in relation to pummelo flower factor and fruit factor were selected according to the relativity between 12 PC and characteristics.

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Effects of bag\|removing on fruit quality of persimmon in different bagging treatments

2013, 25(6): 0-1254.

Abstract ( 254 )

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To study the effects of bag\|removing on fruit quality of persimmon in different bagging treatments during the critical growth period within one week， white single\|layer composite paper bag and outer yellow and inner black double\|layer bag were selected to bag Fuyu persimmon on Jun. 25th and bags were removed on Oct. 16th， and the treatment without bag\|removing was used as the control. Fruits in each treatment were picked on Oct.17th， Oct.18th， Oct.19th， Oct.21st， Oct.23rd. The results showed that， fruit quality， color， content of carotenoids and Vc were improved after bag\|removing in the critical growth period， but defective fruit rate was increased， which was obviously observed in the treatment of double\|layer bag. According to the results， the treatment of white single\|layer composite paper bag in harvest was suggested in production.

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Flower structure and breeding system of Zygocactus trurncata

ZHAO Tian\|rong;CAI Jian\|gang;SHI Yong\|tai;NI Jian\|gang;SHEN Lan

2013, 25(6): 0-1260.

Abstract ( 267 )

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A field investigation was conducted on the flower structure and breeding system of Zygocactus cv. Danmark red in floral traits， flowering dynamic changes and pollination characters using out\|crossing index， pollen and stigma viability， pollen\|ovule ratio and fruit\|set rate. The main results were as follows: under artificial culture conditions， the population came into bloom from November to December and the population florescence was 64 days. The individual florescence was 34\|53 days， and the florescence of single flower was approximately 6\|8 days. The stamen was close to the lateral side of the petaloid style and 105 cm shorter than the style， and the relative position between the stamen and style was always unchanged in the whole flowering process. The pollen viability of S. truncata was the strongest on the blossom day and the stigma had high stigma acceptability on 3\|5 days after flowering. The out\|crossing index was 4， P/O was about 679， and the breeding system of those species was out\|crossing， self\|incompatibility， insects pollinator\|dependent according to the results of fruit set percentage. The special floral structure and lack of pollinators may be the reasons that those species have a low setting percentage.

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Effects of double membrane mulching and heating on fruit set and fruit quality of Fujiminori grape

2013, 25(6): 0-1266.

Abstract ( 344 )

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The effects of double membrane mulching and early\|stage heating treatment on the temperature， phenophase and fruit quality of 3\|year\|old Fujiminori grape in greenhouse were studied. The results showed that: Compared with the control， the daily maximum temperature of double membrane and heating treatments was decreased by 34℃ and 48℃， whereas the daily minimum temperature increased from 08℃ to 42℃ and 77℃. After double\|membrane mulching and early\|stage heating， the days of high temperature above 40℃ reduced from six days to three days and one day， and the active accumulated temperature increased by 189℃ and 273℃ respectively. In double membrane and heating treatments， the phenological phases such as bud brust， anthesis and veraison were significantly ahead of schedule， and the harvest was advanced to mid\|May. The fruit\|setting rate increased after double\|membrane mulching and early\|stage heating， while the germination rates slightly reduced with a significant reduction in parthenocarpic fruit rate. Compared with the control， the fruit firmness， color， soluble solids and other quality indicators were improved in different degrees. Planting benefits were significantly improved after double\|membrane mulching and early\|stage heating， and the benefit per 667 square meters was improved by 691 percent and 1166 percent compared with the control.

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Optimization of hot\|water extraction conditions for polysaccharide in Lentinus edodes waste substrate by quadratic regression rotation\|orthogonal combination design

LIU Qing\|e;XIAO Jian\|zhong;CHEN Hai\|yan;ZHONG Xian\|long

2013, 25(6): 0-1271.

Abstract ( 296 )

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Four factors quadratic orthogonal rotation design was used to investigate the influencing factors on the yields of polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes waste substrate such as extraction temperature， extraction time， liquid/solid ratio and alcohol precipitation ratio. The results indicated that the obtained regression equation reached the significant level without any lack of fit factor. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: temperature 92℃ for six hours and 18 minutes， liquid/solid ratio 40∶1， and alcohol precipitation ratio of 3∶1. The yield of the polysaccharides of Lentinus edodes waste substrate was 1868 mg·g-1 under above conditions.

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Effect of differernt LED light quality treatment on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of overwintering pepper in greenhouse

WU Gen\|liang;ZHENG Ji\|rong;LI Xyu\|ke

2013, 25(6): 0-1278.

Abstract ( 339 )

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The effect of differernt LED light quality treatment on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of overwintering pepper in greenhouse was studied.The results showed that the photosynthesis rate， stomatal conductance， transpiration rate， intercellular CO2 concentration and Fv′/Fm′， qN， ΦPSII， ETR， qP had significant impact under differernt LED light quality and differernt supplemental time on pepper leaves. Treated with short time （6 hours and 8 hours）， the photosynthetic rate， intercellular CO2 concentration， ΦPSII and ETR of pepper were significantly improved under RB light and B light， and supplementary lighting for 6 hours was better than 8 hours. Treated with long time （10 hours）， Fv′/Fm was significantly improved under RB light， but more heat was disspated under W light and RB73 light. Treatment under RB83 light for 6 h and 8 h can significantly improve the photosynthesis of pepper， therefore the two treatments can be used as supplemental light in greenhouse production of overwintering pepper.

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Influence of cadmium stress on physiological indexes in tobacco

GUO Jiang\|bo;TANG Bing;WANG Jian\|ying;CAI Lu;XIN Cui\|hua*

2013, 25(6): 0-1283.

Abstract ( 338 )

PDF (513KB) ( 908 )

In order to elucidate the influence of cadmium on the related physiological indexes in tobacco， 4\|week\|old tobacco Nicotiana benthamiana were treated with the cadmium concentration of 0， 50， 250 and 500 μg·L-1respectively. The changes in the contents of chlorophyll and malondialdehyde （MDA）， the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD）， peroxidase （POD） and catalase （CAT） were determined after treatment for one week. The results showed that the content of chlorophyll， the activities of SOD and CAT were decreased， the activity of POD were firstly increased and then decreased， and the content of MDA was increased. These data suggested that exposure to lower concentration of cadmium led to self\|protection in tobacco cells， but plant cells failed to response to Cd stress with the concentration elevated to 250 μg·L-1， which was harmful to tobacco cells.

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Effects of organic fertilizer of mushroom residue on the quality of Capsicum annuum L.

HOU Li\|juan;YAO Fang\|jie;*;SONG Jin\|di

2013, 25(6): 0-1297.

Abstract ( 334 )

PDF (521KB) ( 995 )

In this paper， effect of different dosages of residues of Pleurotus ostreatus on the quality of pepper such as the content of vitamin C， soluble protein， soluble sugar and organic acid content and nitrate were determined. The results showed that the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein in various treatments were significantly higher than the control. The soluble sugar content in treatment C and the soluble protein content in treatment F were 42 fold and 146 fold higher than the control respectively. Application with optimal dosages of residues of Pleurotus ostreatus could improve the content of Vc and organic acid in pepper， indicating that the content of Vc in treatment D was increased by 857% compared with the control， and the content of organic acid in treatment C was increased by 1039% compared with the control. Therefore， the results indicated that the residues of Pleurotus ostreatus can significantly improve the quality of pepper in accordance with food safety requirements， which was also suitable for solanaceous vegetable. The optimum dosage of residues of Pleurotus ostreatus in pepper production was 800 kg·667m-2， which could not only improve the quality of pepper， but also could increase the yield of pepper by 4775%.

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Interaction between four rice proteins and P7\|2， an unstructural viral protein encoded by Rice black streaked dwarf virus S7

ZHANG Shang\|lin;SUN Li\|ying;CHEN Jian\|ping;*

2013, 25(6): 0-1303.

Abstract ( 354 )

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Rice black streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV)， a member of the genus Fijivirus， infects maize and rice plants and causes significant yield losses in Asia. RBSDV has a genome of 10 dsRNAs and encodes 12 proteins. Six of these proteins (P1， P2， P3， P4， P8 and P10) are structural components of the viral particle. There are six non\|structural proteins， P5， P6， P7\|1， P7\|2， P9\|1， and P9\|2. Among those non\|structural proteins， P5， P6 and P9\|1 have been shown to involve in viroplasm formation and P7\|1 has been identified to form the cytoplasmic tubular\|like structures that serve as a conduit for virion movement between cells. The function of P7\|2 and P9\|2 is still unknow. In this study， we utilized protein Pull\|Down assay and liquid chromatography\|tandem mass spectrometry (LC\|MS/MS) techniques to identify the proteins from rice (Oryza sativa) that interact with P7\|2. Four proteins were found to bind P7\|2 by Pull\|Down assay. Two of them are transcription\|associated proteins， one is an aminotransferase and the other one is a putative chaperonin 60 beta precursor. Using real\|time quantitative PCR， the transcript expression levels of transcription\|associated protein and putative chaperonin 60 beta precursor were up\|regulated by RBSDV infection. In contrast， the transcript expression of aminotransferase protein was suppressed by RBSDV infection.

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Target resistance and non\|target effect of two transgenic Bt rice lines in Zhejiang field

2013, 25(6): 0-1308.

Abstract ( 288 )

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Effects of Bt rice T1c\|19 （cry1C） and T2A\|1 （cry2A） on the resistance of target pests （Chilo suppressalis Walker and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee） and non\|target pests was evaluated in Zhejiang field. The results showed that T1c\|19 and T2A\|1 Bt rice could be high resistant to C. suppressalis and C. medinalis. The damage caused by C. medinalis and C. suppressalis on T1c\|19 and T2A\|1 decreased up to 98% and 87%， respectively; and there was no significant effect on non\|target pest， i.e. rice planthoppers， and natural enemies， i.e. spiders and mired bugs

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Evaluation of several agricultural practices in preventing the apple snails， Pomacea canaliculata， in the paddy fields

LIU Jun;TAN Ji\|cai;*;ZHONG Lang;WANG Zhi\|gao

2013, 25(6): 0-1325.

Abstract ( 273 )

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In order to explore the effective agricultural methods to control the apple snails， Pomacea canaliculata， several practices commonly applied in the paddy field were compared. The results showed that two ways should be the most effective and economic， i.e. 1） combinations of manual\|picking （eggs of the apple snails） and canal screening， and 2） combinations of paddy\|upland rotation and canal screening.

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Effect of different biogas slurry irrigation amounts on the yield and quality of Zizania caduciflora and soil fertility

XI Hui;XUE Zhi\|yong;*;CHEN Xi\|jing;JIANG Li\|na;WANG Wei\|ping

2013, 25(6): 0-1341.

Abstract ( 290 )

PDF (549KB) ( 864 )

A field experiment was conducted to determine effects of different biogas slurry irrigation amounts on yield and quality of Zizania caduciflora and soil fertility as well as safety digestion capacity of biogas slurry. The results showed that application of 420-1 260 t · hm-2 biogas slurry increased Zizania caduciflora yields by 2645%-3370% and 872%-1495%， respectively， as compared to the treatments of no fertilizer （CK） and chemical fertilizers. Under the premise of ensuring Zizania caduciflora production， food security， and soil environment safety， a safe capacity of biogas slurry disposal in Zizania caduciflora field per season was about 630 kg N·hm-2.

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Rapid detection of Garlic virus X by reverse transcription loop\|mediated isothermal amplification

ZHAO Tong;LI Chang\|hong;ZHOU Qian\|jin;*;CHEN Xian\|feng;CHEN Jiong;CHEN Jian\|ping

2013, 25(6): 0-1331.

Abstract ( 306 )

PDF (846KB) ( 858 )

A one step reverse transcription loop\|mediated isothermal amplification （RT\|LAMP） assay was developed for detection of Garlic virus X（GarVX）. A set of six primers that recognized eight distinct regions of GarVX were designed based on the ORF4 sequence of the GarVX. Specificity amplification was carried out with the addition of reverse transcriptase and Bst DNA polymerase. The assay was optimized， and could detect GarVX by incubation at 65℃ for only 60 min. Specificity detection showed that GarVX could be specifically detected， and no amplification was observed when the RNA template from Garlic virus A （GarVA）， Garlic virus D （GarVD）， or Garlic virus E（GarVE） was used. The detection limit of the RT\|LAMP method was 5 pg·μL-1， which is 10 times higher than that of RT\|PCR assay. Results demonstrated that this RT\|LAMP method can detect GarVX quickly with high specificity and sensitivity， and is suitable for field testing.

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Relationships between leaf yellowing and soil microorganisms/nutrients in pear orchards

2013, 25(6): 0-1336.

Abstract ( 305 )

PDF (517KB) ( 817 )

The microorganisms and nutrients in the rhizosphere soil of leaf yellowing and normal pear trees in Jingtai County， Gansu Province were studied to find out the factors related with leaf yellowing. The results showed that bacteria and actinomyce in soil of the leaf yellowing pear trees were significantly lower than those in the soil of normal trees. The bacteria and actinomyce in the shallow layer （0-20 cm） of soil in leaf yellowing orchard were 4662% and 5249% less than those of normal orchard; while in the deeper layer （20-40 cm） of soil of leaf yellowing pear orchard， bacteria and actinomyce were 7822% and 5013% less than those from normal orchard. There was no significant difference between the two kinds of pear trees in the amount of fungus. In 20-40 cm deep soil from the leaf yellowing pear orchard， the content of organic matter， total N， total Fe and total Mg were significantly lower than those from normal pear tree soil and those in 0-20 cm deep soil from the leaf yellowing orchard. Therefore， decrease of bacteria， actinomyce and organic matter， total N， total Fe and total Mg in 20-40 cm deep soil were the main factors related to leaf yellowing. Thus， applying decomposed manure to soil of 20-40 cm deep in leaf yellowing pear orchards should be suggested.

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Influence of available phosphorus in soils on qualities of eggplant （Solanun melongena L.）

ZHANG Ya;*;ZHOU Hang;LI Dan;YANG Wen\|ye

2013, 25(6): 0-1347.

Abstract ( 350 )

PDF (547KB) ( 934 )

A soil pot experiment was conducted at suburb of Hangzhou， Zhejiang， China in 2012 to determine the relationship between soil available phosphorus （Olsen\|P） contents and eggplant fruit qualities by 10 types of curve regression equation. The results showed that the solidity of eggplant fruits significantly increased as increasing Olsen\|P contents. The protein contents in the eggplant fruits significantly reduced as increasing Olsen\|P contents （55-202 mg·kg-1）. Rutin contents in the eggplant fruit significantly reduced as increasing Olsen\|P contents （77-202 mg·kg-1）. The maximum contents of protein and rutin were obtained from Olsen\|P at 55 and 77 mg·kg-1， respectively. It is not necessary to apply phosphate fertilizer to the soil when Olsen\|P exceeds 77 mg·kg-1.

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Design of soybean variable fertilize seeder

QIAO Guo\|chun

2013, 25(6): 0-1409.

Abstract ( 244 )

PDF (1103KB) ( 861 )

Seeder of soybean variable fertilizer was designed， whose structure was light and sturdy， could reduce the power output of the tractor. Moreover， the fuel and the investment of agriculture could be saved. The seeder was equipped with advanced detection system， to avoid broadcast replay leakage， and with variable transmission of the international advanced continuously equipment at the same time. The amount of fertilization could be adjusted according to the growth needs of the crop， in which condition the crop yields was improved. The practice showed that the seeder performance was reliable， structure design was reasonable， which was consistent with the requirements of agricultural technology.

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Analysis on site soil nutrients of ancient tea trees in the Southwest State of Guizhou Province

NIU Su\|zhen;SONG Qin\|fei;FAN Wei\|guo;*

2013, 25(6): 0-1353.

Abstract ( 283 )

PDF (505KB) ( 863 )

Southwest State of Guizhou Province locates in the Yunnan\|Guizhou Plateau， where a large number of ancient tea germplasms was found. These tea trees are important tea genetic resources which are originally evolved， with strong resistance and specific biochemical composition. The site soil nutrient of ancient tea trees in the Southwest State of Guizhou Province was analyzed. The results showed that the soil pH value of ancient tea trees was between 400 and 609， the soil pH of QX\|2， QX\|3， QX\|4， QX\|8， QX\|10， QX\|11 and QX\|12 was suitable for tea trees growth. Content of organic matter was 8270 g·kg-1， total nitrogen 405 g·kg-1， total phosphorus 233 g·kg-1and available nitrogen 19273 mg·kg-1， which were in appropriate level. The content of active phosphorus was 2095 mg·kg-1 and active potassium was 15839 mg·kg-1， which were insufficient. Microelement content was within a desired range for the growth of tea plants. The nutrient content of QX\|7 was higher， which belongs to the very rich range， then followed by QX\|6. But the nutrient content of QX\|8 was lower.

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Grey relation analysis of soil fertility of moso bamboo forests at different altitudes in Dagang Mountain

XUE Pei\|pei;WANG Bing;＊;NIU Xiang

2013, 25(6): 0-1359.

Abstract ( 269 )

PDF (650KB) ( 884 )

In order to determine the soil fertility of Moso bamboo forests at different altitudes in Dagang Mountain， soil physical and chemical properties， microbial properties and enzymatic activities were chosen as assessment indicators. Soil fertility was analyzed quantitatively by grey relational analysis， and ranked by correlation degrees comprehensively. The results showed that the order of soil fertility in Moso bamboo forests at different altitudes was 700 m>600 m>500 m>400 m>300 m. Correlation degree had a positive correlation with soil chemical properties， the number of bacterium， actinomycetes， activities of amylase， β\|glucosidase and polyphenol oxidase. Consequently， we concluded that soil chemical properties and soil enzymatic activities can be used as indicators for assessing soil fertility rapidly.

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Comparative analysis with clenbuterol CLEIA kit and ELISA kit

2013, 25(6): 0-1363.

Abstract ( 248 )

PDF (460KB) ( 816 )

A comparative analysis with clenbuterol chemiluminescence enzyme\|linked immunoassay（CLEIA） kit and clenbuterol enzyme\|linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） kit was used to determined the clenbuterol contents in samples of porcine urine and pork. The results showed that the testing time of the CLEIA kit was 33 min， and that of the ELISA kit was about 50 min， so the CLEIA kit cost less time than ELISA kit. The IC50 of the CLEIA kit was 400 ng·L-1， and the limit of detection for urine and pork were 201 ng·L-1 and 907 ng·kg-1， respectively， and the homologous parameters of ELISA kit were 1252 ng·L-1， 235 ng·L-1and 993 ng·kg-1， so the sensibility of CLEIA method was better than ELISA method. In summary， the CLEIA method was more sensitive and cost less time than ELISA method.

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Preliminary study on isolation and extraction of lysozyme from egg white

FU Bing;JI Xiu\|ling;YYU Hui\|ying;WEI Yun\|lin

2013, 25(6): 0-1367.

Abstract ( 520 )

PDF (527KB) ( 1033 )

Lysozyme was purified by two\|step ammonium sulfates precipitation and anion\|exchange chromatography to study the separation processing of lysozyme from egg white. The purity of lysozyme was assayed by sodium dodecyl sulfate\|polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS\|PAGE）. Egg white was diluted with five times volume of Tris\|HCl buffer and kept at 4℃ for 6 h. The supernatant was collected from precipitation with 50% saturation ammonium sulfate and subjected to precipitation with 80% saturation ammonium sulfate. The precipitant was dissolved into pH 90 Tris\|HCl and applied onto Q\|Sepharose FF anion\|exchange chromatography. High purity lysozyme was directly obtained from permeate. The specific activity of lysozyme was increased nearly 15 folds from 14413 U·mg-1 to 2 235 U·mg-1 with recovery ratio of 1576%. Not only lysozyme can be easily purified by two\|step ammonium sulfates precipitation and Q\|sepharose FF anion\|exchange chromatography but also other proteins such as acidic proteins can be easily purified with the same procedure. This procedure can simplify the separation process and reduce the cost in lysozyme separation.

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Technological study on microwave\|assisted extraction of polyphenols from Sargassum fusiforme

2013, 25(6): 0-1372.

Abstract ( 289 )

PDF (522KB) ( 836 )

The microwave\|assisted methods were used to extract polyphenol from Sargassum fusiforme. The extraction conditions were established in the single factor and orthogonal design. The results showed that the optimal conditions were as follows：alcohol density of 80% （V/V），microwave power of 600 W，temperature of 70 ℃，ratio of material to solvent of 1∶10 g·mL-1，and extraction time of 4 min，and the yield of polyphenol could reach 233%.

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Practice modes， development strategy and countermeasures of creative agriculture in Zhejiang Province

HU Bao;YANG Liang\|shan;WANG Li\|juan;ZHANG Wei\|jiang

2013, 25(6): 0-1416.

Abstract ( 289 )

PDF (1017KB) ( 922 )

The paper has summarized the scientific connotation of creative agriculture and its typical characteristics, and proposed five practice modes of the development of creative agriculture in Zhejiang Province. The development of creative agriculture should focus on: strengthening new areas of creative agriculture， speeding up technical research for creative agriculture， promoting new industries of creative agriculture， exploring new culture for creative agriculture， extablishing new platform to promote creative agriculture， exploring new sources of creative agriculture， Finally, countermeasures such as cultivating the creative agriculture as strategic emerging industry were put forward．

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Optimization of the microwave blanching of quick\|frozen broad beans using response surface methodology

CHEN Hui;TANG Ming\|xia*;YUAN Chun\|xin;WANG Xue\|jun

2013, 25(6): 0-1377.

Abstract ( 295 )

PDF (993KB) ( 844 )

In order to optimize the microwave blanching process of the broad beans， the present study was conducted using the response surface methodology （RSM） on the basis of single factor test. The results indicated that using RSM to optimize the blanching conditions of microwave power and time could maintain a higher hardness， a higher retention rate of chlorophyll and a lower relative activity of peroxidase （POD）. Validation test suggested that the hardness of broad beans was 3 24517 g， the retention rate of chlorophyll was 9112%， and the relative activity of the POD was 608% when the blanching condition was set with the microwave power at 589 W and microwave time at 67 s.

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Effect of different baffle length of double volute pump on radial force balance

2013, 25(6): 0-1382.

Abstract ( 312 )

PDF (1493KB) ( 819 )

In order to clarify the relationship between baffle length of volute and radial force balance， the radial force of single volute pump and double volute pump with three different baffle length was studied in IH\|200\|150\|400 double volute pump at five different operation points based on CFD numerical simulation. The structure scheme of double volute was: L1，baffle radian 110°; L2，baffle radian 180°; L3，baffle radian 195°. The numerical simulation result indicated that double volute pump can effectively balance the radial force than single volute pump. With the increase of baffle length， the effect of radial force balance of double volute pump was improved， but the improving effect was not obvious. When baffle radian that around impeller was greater than 180°， baffle length had little influence on radial force balance. Its rational to take L3 as the baffle length considering the radial force balance and casting difficulty. Compared to the single volute pump， double volute pump had a lower efficiency and pump head. With the increase of baffle length， the efficiency showed an increase trend yet the head showed a decrease trend.

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One modified algorithm of improving forecast accuracy of the market price of agricultural product

WANG Gui\|hong;YANG Yong;*;WU Hua\|rui;LIU xiang\|feng

2013, 25(6): 0-1389.

Abstract ( 337 )

PDF (534KB) ( 846 )

In order to improve the forecast accuracy of market price of agricultural products and find out the products with abnormal market price timely， the paper made a comparative analysis of 9 different kinds of time\|series non\|seasonal exponential forecast methods， including the weighted arithmetic average and the double exponential smoothing method based on the monthly average price of 13 kinds of products such as carrot from Lvxin agricultural products wholesale market of Jincheng city， Shanxi province， and an improved double exponential smoothing method was presented finally. The square sum of error of the improved method was no more than that of the previous ones， and the errors of the improved one decreased 3007% according to the forecast data of March. Products with the abnormal market price in this wholesale market in a certain month can be determined with an integrated analysis of a certain products square sum of error of forecasting value and actual value， as well as that of a historical forecast.

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Establishment and application of land resource management information system—A case study of Xiangshan County

HUANG Yyu;YANG Jie;XIAO Ling\|ya

2013, 25(6): 0-1396.

Abstract ( 226 )

PDF (1599KB) ( 814 )

Based on the GIS technology， the soil map， current land use map and administrative map were overlapped to define the 985 assessing units of the county. Fifteen assessing factors were chosen in view of the actual situation of the county and land fertility assessing factors of Zhejiang Province， and the analytical hierarchy process was employed to define the weights and membership of each factor， then the land was classified into three grades and six levels according to the integrated fertility index. The results showed that the existing land covered an area of 20742 hm2. The first grade land all belonged to the second level， and the area was 458 hm2， 221% of the total area; the area of the third level was 13 3373 hm2， 6430% of the total area; the area of the fourth level was 6 7126 hm2， 3236% of the total area， and the area of the fifth level was 2341 hm2， 113% of the total area.

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Analysis of consumer cognition and purchase behavior of organic vegetables： an example in Shanghai City

WANG Jing;CHE Bin*

2013, 25(6): 0-1422.

Abstract ( 472 )

PDF (588KB) ( 1063 )

Through empirical analysis of the residents in Shanghai City based on a survey， this paper analyzed the degree of consumer awareness of quality and safety of organic vegetables， and study the main factors affecting consumer purchase behavior of organic vegetables by logistic regression model. The results showed that: In the aspects of cognition， age had a negative correlation with cognitive degree while income and education were positively correlated with the cognition degree. The family with persons over 60 years old or under 12 years old showed higher cognition to organic vegetables than others. In the aspects of purchasing， age， family income， family structure， cognition and willingness to pay were the main factors affecting consumer purchase of organic vegetables. Gender， education level， place of purchase and knowing of organic vegetables showed weaker influence.

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Mechanical characteristics of land fragmentation: an investigation on the field operation behavior of small\|type harvesters

DING Qi\|shuo;DING Wei\|min;*;YANG Wei;LI Yi\|nian;TIAN Yong\|chao;ZHU Yan

2013, 25(6): 0-1403.

Abstract ( 300 )

PDF (798KB) ( 965 )

A typical characteristic of the southern China hilly and mountain region agriculture is the fragmentation of arable lands， under which condition the compact mode of crop planting was widespread in the south China. Mechanization of the fragmented farming land production depends on the utilization of small\|type field working machineries. A field investigation was conducted to illustrate the behavioral characteristics of the small\|type agricultural machinery working in the fragmented farming land. Results found that quick forward and backward movement shifting， frequent turning， field edge contouring， difficult intra\|field maneuvering were the marked characteristics of small\|type harvesters working in fragmented arable lands. The widespread use of small\|type harvesters in the south China showed that assessment of the adaptability of agricultural machineries should be based on land suitability as the main leading evaluation index.

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Empirical study on effect of modern distribution development on Zhejiang agricultural economic growth

PANG Hong\|xue

2013, 25(6): 0-1428.

Abstract ( 305 )

PDF (688KB) ( 826 )

Based on the C\|D production function， econometric model between agricultural GDP and modern distribution development variables etc. were established， by time series data during 1985-2011 of Zhejiang. Empirical test were operated from one and two times square of modern distribution development. Empirical results demonstrated that there was a positive promotion for agricultural GDP from modern distribution development， so were the two times square of modern distribution development in Zhejiang. As the level of modern distribution development became high， the promoting impulses became stronger. Study also found that， capital input， labor input and agricultural international trade had the positive impact on agricultural GDP， while agricultural human capital， agricultural employ structure and agricultural mechanization did not show the significant impact.

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Countermeasures to promote regional development of marine economy based on view point of system and mechanism innovation\|An example in Wenzhou

PAN Feng\|chai;*;JIANG Bao\|zhen

2013, 25(6): 0-1434.

Abstract ( 351 )

PDF (1010KB) ( 839 )

To solve the problems of population expansion， environment deterioration and resource scarcity， one of the most important ways is the development of marine economy. Wenzhou， a big city with massive marine resource， whose developing courses indicated that marine economy was the most significant impetus to Wenzhous economy. Based on the development status of marine economy， some existing problems were analyzed. From view point of system and mechanism innovation， combined with enlightenment of innovation practice in the process of Wenzhous economic development， a series of development strategy were proposed for marine economy.

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Development of agricultural informatization under four synchronization in industrialization， informatization， urbanization and agricultural modernization in Zhejiang

DONG Yue\|yong

2013, 25(6): 0-1443.

Abstract ( 220 )

PDF (1110KB) ( 788 )

Under the macro\|environment of four synchronization including industrialization， informatization， urbanization and agricultural modernization， we discussed the developmental issues in agricultural informatization in Zhejiang. Agricultural informatization is the objective request of modernization construction. It is essential to grasp the strategic opportunity and establish the awareness of social development to promote agricultural informatization. We proposed that it is necessary to break some key points of agriculture informatization， including expanding applicable fields of modern agricultural geographic information system， strengthening the performance management of Farmer Mailbox， developing the agriculture E\|government in the whole province， carrying out the agricultural E\|commerce and promoting the application of agricultural internet of things.

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Problems and countermeasures in the reform of rural land system in the new period

LI Yong\|an

2013, 25(6): 0-1448.

Abstract ( 225 )

PDF (772KB) ( 865 )

Currently， we have faced a plight that the reform of household contract responsibility system and the arrangements of collective ownership of rural land are incompatible with the requirements of the new era. It was showed that the reform bonus disappeared and the problem of agriculture， rural and farmers was still grim. Governments low\|cost land acquisition was in conflict with requirements of coordinated economic and social development. The current rural land systems is a short\|board of the new urbanization strategy. These problems were related to the unreasonable current rural land system that was lack of land circulation mechanism. However， the rural land market has not been established yet, as the property right bodies were not clear in the collective ownership system of rural land and the rural social security system was not perfect. Resolving these dilemmas needs to reconstruct the systems that can hasten rural land circulation in an appropriate way.

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Analysis on the allowance for purchasing agricultural machinery based on the panel data model

ZHOU Hao;LI Hong

2013, 25(6): 0-1455.

Abstract ( 251 )

PDF (719KB) ( 807 )

With the implementation of allowance for purchasing agricultural machinery in last ten years， the central government investment has been increasing， driving more and more investment from all aspects，especially from farmers. Therefore, it greatly increased the total power of agricultural machinery. Based on the panel data from provinces of China in 2000\|2012，the article estimated the quantity relations between the inputs for purchasing agricultural machinery and the growth of total power of agricultural machinery from 31 provinces in China. The results showed that the most money was spent on purchasing agricultural machines in the main grain regions in China where the total power of agricultural machinery was relatively larger. However，the double\|log model showed that elastic coefficients of total agricultural machinery power to agricultural machinery purchase had obvious difference at in main grain regions in China. We analyzed the reasons and then proposed corresponding countermeasures.

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Progress in powdery mildew and molecular genetics of its resistance in cucurbits vegetable

2013, 25(6): 0-1461.

Abstract ( 292 )

PDF (652KB) ( 921 )

Cucurbit vegetable is one of the most important varieties in vegetable industry， but their yield and quality has been seriously limited by infection of powdery mildew. It is the best way for resolving harm of powdery mildew on cucurbit vegetables to breed and popularize powdery mildew\|resistant cultivar， while investigation of powdery mildew and molecular genetic mechanisms of its resistance in cucurbits vegetable will be the basis of breeding disease\|resistant cultivars. The types and distribution of powdery mildew pathogeny in cucurbits vegetable， genetic of resistance and resistant genes， development and application of molecular markers linked to resistance， and their problems and prospect in future were reviewed， which will contribute to breed powdery mildew\|resistant cucurbits vegetable.

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